dúhuà 独化
Self-driven Development
指天地万物不假外力，自己独立生成、变化。由郭象在《庄子注》中提出。具体而言，“独化”包含三重含义：其一，天地万物的生成和变化都是自然而然的。其二，天地万物的生成和变化都是各自独立的。其三，天地万物的生成和变化都是突然发生的，是没有原因和目的的。“独化”观念否定了造物主的存在，同时也否定了一物构成另一物发生与存在的原因。但就世界整体而言，“独化”而成的万物又处于某种和谐的关系之中。
The term indicates that all things in heaven and on earth do not depend on external forces. Rather, they take shape and change by themselves independently. It was put forward by Guo Xiang in his Annotations on Zhuangzi. Specifically, the term contains three meanings. Firstly, all things in heaven and on earth form and change naturally. Secondly, all things in heaven and on earth form and change independent of one another. Thirdly, all things in heaven and on earth form and change suddenly, without any reason or purpose. The concept of self-driven development denies the existence of a creator. At the same time, it also denies that one thing causes the occurrence and existence of another. However, according to this concept, all things in the universe, naturally formed, co-exist in harmony.
引例 Citation：
◎凡得之者，外不资于道，内不由于己，掘然自得而独化也。（郭象《庄子注》）
（事物凡得其自性者，不依赖于外在的道，不依从于内在的诉求，没有原因地自我获得而独立生成变化。）
All that which comes into existence on its own neither depends on external laws nor does it depend internally on itself. Without any reason it came into being by itself and remains independent. (Guo Xiang: Annotations on Zhuangzi)
