画外音：张昭和陆逊是孙权的两位重臣，张昭以托孤之重辅佐孙权，帮助孙权坐稳江山。陆逊是上游统帅的后起之秀，为孙权立下了盖世之功。然而这两个人的晚景却十分凄凉，张昭被冷落，陆逊被逼死，那么孙昭为什么被冷落？又是谁逼死了陆逊呢？请敬关注易中天品三国之《冷暖人生》。
公元200年，孙策猝死，十八岁的孙权接管了父兄的基业，但此时孙权面临的情况是外有强敌曹操的威胁，内有江东士族不肯臣服的忧患，孙权接手的政权是一个烫手的山芋，前景并不乐观。然而就在孙权惊魂未定，一筹莫展之时，孙策的旧臣张昭犹如擎天巨柱为他撑起即将塌陷的天空，张昭鼎立支持孙权，心甘情愿地拥戴和辅佐孙权，帮助他建立威望，稳定民心士气，挽狂澜于既倒，扶大厦于之将倾，可是就是这样一位大功臣，在孙权称王之后，却倍受孙权的冷落，这是为什么呢？孙权与张昭有什么矛盾吗？夏门大学易中天教授坐客百家讲坛，为您精彩品三国之《冷暖人生》。
我们上一集讲了孙权是很会用人的，由于孙权会用人，所以孙权的阵营可谓是人才济济，可惜的是他们命运不佳。怎么不佳呢？有些人寿命不长，周瑜36岁，鲁肃46岁，吕蒙42岁，活得长的是张昭81岁，还有陆逊61岁。但是张昭和陆逊的命运也不怎么好，张昭受到冷落，陆逊被逼死，这又是怎么回事呢？我们先说张昭。张昭是什么人，我也不用多说了，大家已经很熟悉了，他是孙权的大功臣，孙权接班的时候如果不是张昭率群僚立而辅之，孙权的位置就坐不稳，如果不是张昭帮助孙权打理一切，孙权的事情就搞不掂。你想孙权接班的时候张昭干了些什么事？
Voice over: Zhang Zhao and Lu Xun are two important ministers of Sun Quan. Zhang Zhao assisted Sun Quan with the importance of supporting orphans and helping Sun Quan stabilize the country. Lu Xun is a rising star of the upper reaches commander, who has made unparalleled contributions to Sun Quan. However, the evening scene of these two people is very bleak. Zhang Zhao is left out in the cold, while Lu Xun is forced to death. So why is Sun Zhao left out in the cold? Who forced Lu Xun to death? Please pay close attention to Yi Zhongtian’s “Cold and Warm Life” of the Three Kingdoms.
In 200 AD, Sun Ce died suddenly, and at the age of 18, Sun Quan took over the foundation of his father and brother. However, at this time, Sun Quan was faced with the threat of Cao Cao, a powerful enemy, and the difficulties of the Jiangdong gentry refusing to surrender. The regime Sun Quan inherited was a hot potato, and the prospects were not optimistic. However, at a time when Sun Quan was still in a state of shock and unable to do anything about it, Sun Ce’s old minister, Zhang Zhao, was like a giant pillar holding up the sky that was about to collapse for him. Zhang Zhao stood up and supported Sun Quan, willingly supporting and assisting Sun Quan, helping him establish prestige, stabilize the morale of the people, avert the raging waves from collapse, and help the building collapse. However, after Sun Quan became king, he was greatly ignored by Sun Quan. Why is this? Is there any contradiction between Sun Quan and Zhang Zhao? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is sitting on hundreds of forums to provide you with a wonderful taste of “Cold and Warm Life” in the Three Kingdoms.
In our last episode, we talked about Sun Quan’s ability to hire people. Because Sun Quan can hire people, Sun Quan’s camp is full of talents, but unfortunately, their fate is not good. Why not? Some people don’t live long. Zhou Yu is 36 years old, Lu Su is 46 years old, and Lu Meng is 42 years old. Zhang Zhao is 81 years old, and Lu Xun is 61 years old. But the fate of Zhang Zhao and Lu Xun was not very good either. Zhang Zhao was left out in the cold, and Lu Xun was forced to death. What happened? Let’s start with Zhang Zhao. “I don’t need to say much about who Zhang Zhao is. Everyone is already familiar with him. He is a great hero of Sun Quan. When Sun Quan took over, if Zhang Zhao didn’t lead his colleagues and support them, Sun Quan’s position would be unstable. If Zhang Zhao didn’t help Sun Quan take care of everything, Sun Quan’s affairs would not have been settled.”. What do you think Zhang Zhao did when Sun Quan took over?
上奏朝廷、下令郡县，安排官员们各就各位，这些事情都是张昭帮他打理的，打理这些事情张昭就已经很象一个宰相了。所以当孙权决定立丞相的时候，所有的人都认为是张昭啊，当然是张昭当丞相啊，孙权设丞相是什么时候呢？应该是在他当吴王之后，当皇帝之前就开始设丞相了，事情在黄武年间，这个时候大家都认为理所当然就是张昭吗，结果孙权没有任命张昭，孙权任命了一个孙邵的人，孙权解释说：如今是个多事之秋，丞相这个工作那任务是很重的，张公年纪大了嘛，怎么忍心让他担任这么重的职务呢，这不是优待他啊，那么孙邵当了几年丞相以后就去世了，又要选丞相大家又说张昭，孙权又不同意，任命顾雍为丞相，从此张昭就永远失去了当丞相的可能，那么在孙权称帝以后，张昭就写了个报告说老臣身体不好，我所有的职务和权力都交出去，退休了，申请退休。孙权说退是退，不要休啊，或者休是休，不要退吧，又给了张昭一些荣誉的职务，但是基本上不来上朝了，张昭没有办法，他本来是经天纬地的，要大干一番事业的，没有办法只好回家著书立说，那么孙权为什么一而再再而三地不让张昭当丞相呢？
四种说法：第一种，孙权薄情，就是孙权这个人一方面重情，另一方面他薄情，忘恩负义，比方说他对孙策就忘恩负义，他这个权力谁给他的，孙策交给他的，但是他当皇帝以后，他没有追封孙策为皇帝啊，他追封了孙坚为皇帝，孙策封了个王“长沙桓王”孙策的那些孩子都封侯，他自己的儿子刚生下了的哇哇叫他就封王了，孙策的儿子他只封侯，所以有人说他忘恩负义，另外我们再看周瑜、鲁肃、吕蒙他们的后代怎么样，不怎么样，优待一下就没有了，往往后面都没有下文了，三个家族也没有成为江东的大族啊，所以有人说他不用张昭是薄情，但是这个说法有点问题，就是一般说薄情是人一走茶就凉，张昭人还没走呢，茶怎么就凉了，所以这个不大说得过去。
“Go to the court, order counties, and arrange for officials to take their positions. Zhang Zhao helped him handle these matters, and Zhang Zhao already looked like a prime minister.”. So when Sun Quan decided to establish a prime minister, everyone thought it was Zhang Zhao, and of course it was Zhang Zhao who became prime minister. When did Sun Quan establish a prime minister? It should have been after he became King of Wu and before he became Emperor that he began to establish a prime minister. During the Huangwu period, everyone took it for granted that it was Zhang Zhao. As a result, Sun Quan did not appoint Zhang Zhao, but appointed a person from Sun Shao. Sun Quan explained, “It is now an eventful autumn, and the task of being a prime minister is very important. Duke Zhang is old, how can he bear to let him hold such a heavy position?”, “This is not a preferential treatment for him, so Sun Shao died after serving as prime minister for a few years, and then he had to choose a prime minister. Everyone said Zhang Zhao, but Sun Quan disagreed and appointed Gu Yong as prime minister. From then on, Zhang Zhao lost the possibility of becoming prime minister forever. After Sun Quan became emperor, Zhang Zhao wrote a report saying that the old minister was in poor health, and all my duties and powers were handed over. After retiring, I applied for retirement.”. Sun Quan said whether to retire or not, or whether to retire or not, not to retire. He also gave Zhang Zhao some honorary positions, but he basically didn’t come to court. Zhang Zhao had no choice but to go back home and write books and speak. So why did Sun Quan repeatedly refuse to make Zhang Zhao prime minister?
There are four ways of saying this: The first is that Sun Quan is sentimental. On the one hand, Sun Quan is sentimental, and on the other hand, he is sentimental and ungrateful. For example, he is ungrateful to Sun Ce. Who gave him this power, and Sun Ce gave it to him. But after he became emperor, he did not pursue Sun Ce as emperor. He pursued Sun Jian as emperor, and Sun Ce granted a king, “King Huan of Changsha.” Sun Ce’s children were all granted marquises, His own son, who had just given birth, was crowned king, while Sun Ce’s son was only a marquis, so some people said he was ungrateful. In addition, let’s see how Zhou Yu, Lu Su, and Lv Meng’s descendants were, and if they weren’t, the preferential treatment would disappear. Often, there was no further explanation behind them. The three families had not become big families in Jiangdong, so some people said that he didn’t use Zhang Zhao as a sentimental person, but there was a problem with this statement, It is generally said that sentimentality is when people leave their tea and it cools. Zhang Zhaoren hasn’t left yet, so why does the tea get cold? So this doesn’t make sense.
