关羽大意失荆州，多少年来一直被后世遗憾。在关羽身上，曾有“温酒斩华雄”、“过五关斩六将”的传奇，那么为什么关羽这一次会输得如此惨？这中间到底发生了什么？孙权和曹操又在背后做了什么动作，致使关羽大败？厦门大学易中天教授为您精彩品三国之——白衣渡江。
在上一期节目中易中天先生讲到，孙权集团曾多次派人向刘备讨回荆州，但都无功而返。但事实上，荆州是曹、孙、刘三家都想要的兵家必争之地，谁都不会放弃对荆州的争夺。在孙权集团这边，原来极力主张联合刘备的鲁肃去世了，接替鲁肃的是新一代的领袖吕蒙，而吕蒙是主张吞刘自大的。因此，吕蒙接任后，孙权集团吞刘自大的呼声日益高涨，荆州的问题也就显得非常紧张。
Guan Yu’s careless loss of Jingzhou has been a pity for generations to come. In Guan Yu’s body, there were legends of “Wen Jiu beheaded Hua Xiong” and “Guo Wu Guan beheaded six generals”. So why did Guan Yu lose so badly this time? What happened in the middle of this? What actions did Sun Quan and Cao Cao do behind their backs, causing Guan Yu to be defeated? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University presents you with a wonderful tasting of the Three Kingdoms – Crossing the River in White Clothes.
In the previous program, Mr. Yi Zhongtian mentioned that Sun Quan Group had repeatedly sent people to Liu Bei to reclaim Jingzhou, but they all failed. But in fact, Jingzhou is a place that the Cao, Sun, and Liu families all want to fight for, and no one will give up the fight for Jingzhou. On the side of Sun Quan Group, Lu Su, who had strongly advocated uniting Liu Bei, passed away. He was replaced by a new generation of leader Lu Meng, who advocated swallowing Liu for arrogance. Therefore, after Lv Meng took over, the voice of Sun Quan Group swallowing Liu for arrogance became increasingly high, and the issue of Jingzhou also became very tense.
吕蒙一上任就向孙权提出了夺回荆州的战略方案；而镇守荆州的关羽也决非等闲之辈。那么，吕蒙是一个什么样的人？他能够从关羽的手中夺回荆州吗？厦门大学易中天教授做客《百家讲坛》，为您精彩品三国之“白衣渡江”。
易中天：
说起来吕蒙和鲁肃也是朋友，正如鲁肃和周瑜是朋友，我觉得江东集团这点很好，虽然政见不同，但是不妨碍他们私下里是朋友。那么吕蒙和鲁肃的结识也还很有戏剧性。建安十五年周瑜病故，鲁肃接班，到陆口去上任，路过吕蒙的防地。当时鲁肃身边就有人对他说，说将军现在路过了吕将军的防地，应该去看一看他，因为吕将军现在非比从前了。
Upon taking office, Lv Meng proposed a strategic plan to Sun Quan to recapture Jingzhou; And Guan Yu, who guarded Jingzhou, was by no means an ordinary person. So, what kind of person is Lv Meng? Can he recapture Jingzhou from Guan Yu’s hands? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is a guest at “The Hundred Lectures”, offering you a wonderful taste of the “White Clothes Crossing the River” of the Three Kingdoms.
Yi Zhongtian:
Speaking of it, Lu Meng and Lu Su are also friends, just as Lu Su and Zhou Yu are friends. I think the Jiangdong Group is very good at this. Although they have different political opinions, it does not prevent them from being friends in private. So Lu Meng’s acquaintance with Lu Su was also very dramatic. In the fifteenth year of Jian’an’s reign, Zhou Yu died of illness, and Lu Su took over. He went to Lukou to take office, passing through Lu Meng’s defense area. At that time, someone close to Lu Su said to him that the General had now passed General Lv’s defense area and should go and see him, because General Lv was now much better than before.
这话什么意思呢？是说吕蒙这个人原来出身是比较贫贱的，出身贫贱，靠着自己勇敢作战，一步一步地提升起来。但是他文化程度低，也不爱读书，甚至要给孙权写一封信、打一个报告都要别人捉刀代笔，自己来口述，别人记录再交上去。这样，当吕蒙做到一定的地位的时候，孙权就把吕蒙，还有另外一个人叫蒋钦的，叫过来，说你们现在都是做长官的人了，带着很多的人马，要负担很重要的责任，再向以前那样不读书不识字恐怕不行，你们应该读点书。吕蒙说，哎呀，这个行军打仗事儿挺多的，哪有时间读书啊？孙权说：孤要你们读书，难道是让你们做学问，当博士吗？不过是让你们知道一些历史罢了嘛！你们的事情多，难道还有孤的事情多吗？还有光武帝，还有曹孟德的事情多吗？想当年光武帝南征北战，手不释卷；看现在曹孟德转战南北，他也是手不释卷，你们怎么就做不到呢？吕蒙听了孙权的教导以后，就回来开始读书。这个人天分极好。其实读书这个事啊，并不完全在于你读了多少、下了多少苦功夫，很重要的是天分好不好，悟性高不高。天分不好、悟性不高的人死读书，读书死，一点用都没有。吕蒙刚好是个天分好、悟性高的，读了以后或然开朗。
What does this mean? It means that Lu Meng was originally born from a relatively humble background. He was born from a humble background, fought bravely on his own, and gradually rose to prominence. However, he has a low level of education and does not like reading. He even needs someone else to write a letter or report to Sun Quan. He will dictate it himself, and others will submit their records. In this way, when Lv Meng achieved a certain position, Sun Quan called Lv Meng and another person named Jiang Qin over, saying that you are all officers now, with a lot of people, and you have to bear important responsibilities. If you don’t read and can’t read like before, you should read some books. Lv Meng said, “Oh, there are so many things about marching and fighting. How can I have time to study?”? Sun Quan said, “I want you to study alone. Is it because I want you to become a scholar and a doctor?”? Just to let you know some history! You have so many things to do, do you still have so many lonely things? Are there many things about Emperor Guangwu and Cao Mengde? When Emperor Guangwu fought in the south and north, he couldn’t let go of it; Now that Cao Mengde is fighting in the north and south, he can’t help it. Why can’t you do it? After listening to Sun Quan’s teachings, Lv Meng returned and began studying. This person has an excellent talent. In fact, the matter of reading does not entirely depend on how much you have read or worked hard. What matters is whether you have a good talent or a high level of understanding. “People with poor talent and low intelligence are useless in studying or studying.”. Lv Meng happened to be a gifted and highly intelligent person, and after reading it, he was probably cheerful.
