纳兰性德（1655年1月19日—1685年7月1日），叶赫那拉氏，字容若，号楞伽山人，原名纳兰成德，一度因避讳太子保成（爱新觉罗·胤礽）而改名纳兰性德。满洲正黄旗人，清朝初年词人。纳兰性德自幼饱读诗书，文武兼修，十七岁入国子监，被祭酒徐元文赏识。十八岁考中举人，次年成为贡士。康熙十五年（1676年）殿试中二甲第七名，赐进士出身。纳兰性德曾拜徐乾学为师。他于两年中主持编纂了一部儒学汇编《通志堂经解》，深受康熙皇帝赏识，授一等侍卫衔，多随驾出巡。康熙二十四年（1685年）五月，纳兰性德溘然而逝，年仅三十一岁。纳兰性德的词以“真”取胜，写景逼真传神，词风“清丽婉约，哀感顽艳，格高韵远，独具特色”。著有《通志堂集》《侧帽集》《饮水词》等。
Nalan Xingde (January 19, 1655- July 1, 1685) was a member of the Yehe Nara clan, with the courtesy name Rongruo and the literary name Lengjia Shanren. His original name was Nalan Chengde, but he changed his name to Nalan Xingde to avoid mentioning Crown Prince Baocheng (Aisin Gioro Yinren). He was born in Zhenghuang Banner, Manchuria and was a poet in the early Qing Dynasty. Nalan Xingde read poetry and literature extensively from a young age, and pursued both civil and military education. At the age of seventeen, he entered the Imperial Academy and was appreciated by Xu Yuanwen, who served as a sacrificial wine. At the age of eighteen, he passed the imperial examination and became a jinshi the following year. In the 15th year of the Kangxi reign (1676), he ranked seventh in the second class of the palace examination and was awarded the title of Jinshi. Nalan Xingde once studied under Xu Qianxue. He presided over the compilation of a Confucian compilation called “Tongzhi Tang Jing Jie” for two years, which was highly appreciated by Emperor Kangxi. He was awarded the title of first-class attendant and often accompanied on tours. In May of the 24th year of Kangxi reign (1685), Nalan Xingde passed away suddenly at the age of only 31. Nalan Xingde’s poetry wins with “truth”, with realistic and vivid scenery, and a style of “clear and graceful, melancholic and stubborn, high in style and distant in rhyme, with unique characteristics”. He has written works such as “Tongzhi Tang Collection”, “Side Hat Collection”, “Drinking Water Words”, etc.
Nalan Xingde’s “Pu Sa Man: Spring Flowers, Spring Moon, Annual Guests” showcases the author’s nostalgia for the beautiful time of spring and his regret for the fleeting spring scenery through delicate brushstrokes, while also revealing a deep sorrow for spring and parting.
纳兰性德·《菩萨蛮·春花春月》
春花春月年年客，
怜春又怕春离别。
只为晓风愁，
催花扑玉钩。
娟娟双蛱蝶，
宛转飞花侧。
花底一声歌，
疼花花奈何。
Buddhist Dancers
Nalanshinde
Spring flowers under the Spring moon each year
Are susceptible for their ephemeral glory.
It’s in the doleful dawning breeze
That flowers are hied to flap the jade crooks.
How graceful are the leaf butterflies in pairs,
That are flitting beside the flowers.
Though under them, the merry chant goes all gooey,
The flowers wilt regardless of any prizes for all the tea.
（吴松林 译）
