赤壁之战，孙权和刘备结成了联盟才打败了曹操的进攻，但来自曹操的威胁暂时缓解之后，孙权和刘备各自的利益发生冲突，孙、刘两家表面友好的“蜜月”期也就成为充满阴谋的蜜月期。那么，孙刘联盟在蜜月中究竟有哪些阴谋呢？厦门大学易中天教授做客《百家讲坛》，为您精彩品三国之——蜜月阴谋。
公元208年的赤壁之战可以说是三国史上的分水岭，赤壁之战后，曹操南征的脚步被迫停止，三国鼎力的局面基本形成。但曹操、孙权、刘备三大集团的力量对比，曹操的力量最为强大，孙、刘两家只有结成联盟才能抵抗曹操的进攻，在这种情况下，孙权集团和刘备集团继续维持表面友好的“蜜月”期。但在“蜜月期”中，双方在共同抵抗曹操的大前提下依然小动作不断，孙刘联盟的“蜜月期”可以说是充满了阴谋的“蜜月期”。那么，孙刘联盟在“蜜月期”中究竟有哪些阴谋呢？厦门大学易中天教授做客《百家讲坛》，为您精彩品三国之“蜜月阴谋”。
In the Battle of Chibi, Sun Quan and Liu Bei formed an alliance to defeat Cao Cao’s attack. However, after the threat from Cao Cao was temporarily alleviated, Sun Quan and Liu Bei’s respective interests collided, and the seemingly friendly “honeymoon” period between Sun Quan and Liu Bei became a honeymoon period full of conspiracy. So, what exactly are the conspiracies of Sun Liu Alliance during their honeymoon? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is a guest at “The Hundred Lectures” to showcase the honeymoon plot, one of the three kingdoms.
The Battle of Chibi in 208 AD can be said to be a watershed in the history of the Three Kingdoms. After the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao’s march to the south was forced to stop, and the situation of the Three Kingdoms was basically formed. However, the strength of the three major groups, Cao Cao, Sun Quan, and Liu Bei, is the most powerful. Only by forming an alliance can the Sun and Liu families resist Cao Cao’s attack. In this case, the Sun Quan and Liu Bei groups continue to maintain a seemingly friendly “honeymoon” period. However, in the “honeymoon period”, both sides continued to make small moves under the premise of jointly resisting Cao Cao. The “honeymoon period” of the Sun Liu alliance can be said to be a “honeymoon period” full of conspiracy. So, what are the conspiracies of the Sun Liu Alliance during the “honeymoon period”? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is a guest at “The Hundred Lectures” to showcase the “Honeymoon Plot” of the Three Kingdoms.
易中天：
上一集我们讲到赤壁之战以后曹操、孙权、刘备三家三分了荆州，这个时候，刘备就上表朝廷，推荐孙权领徐州牧。孙权也同意刘备领荆州牧，双方的关系非常好，孙刘联盟进入了“蜜月”期。但这是一个充满了阴谋了“蜜月”期，体现蜜月阴谋的主要有三件事：第一件是孙权嫁妹妹，第二件是周瑜出狠招，第三件是鲁肃“借”荆州。
先讲第一件，孙权嫁妹妹。孙权嫁妹妹是阴谋吗？《三国演义》说是，而且说这主意是周瑜出的，结果呢，弄巧成拙，周公瑾赔了夫人又折兵。这是演义，事实是什么样的呢？据《三国志》的记载是这样的：“琦病死，群下推先主为荆州牧，治公安。权稍畏之，进妹固好。”什么意思呢？就是刘备拿了江南四郡以后就上表朝廷，推荐刘琦做了荆州刺史，后来刘琦病死了，于是荆州集团这些人就推举刘备做荆州牧。这个时候刘备的力量强大了，孙权也逐渐地感到了畏惧，因此把自己的妹妹嫁给刘备，以便巩固孙刘联盟。
Yi Zhongtian:
In the previous episode, we talked about the three families of Cao Cao, Sun Quan, and Liu Bei dividing Jingzhou after the Battle of Chibi. At this time, Liu Bei went to the court and recommended Sun Quan to lead the Xuzhou herdsman. Sun Quan also agreed that Liu Bei led the Jingzhou herdsmen, and the relationship between the two sides was very good. The Sun Liu alliance entered the “honeymoon” period. However, this is a “honeymoon” period full of conspiracies. There are three main things embodying the honeymoon plot: the first is Sun Quan marrying his sister, the second is Zhou Yu’s ruthless move, and the third is Lu Su’s “borrowing” Jingzhou.
First of all, Sun Quan married his younger sister. Is it a conspiracy for Sun Quan to marry his younger sister? “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” said yes, and said that the idea was made by Zhou Yu. As a result, it turned out to be self-defeating. Zhou Gongjin lost his wife and turned his army. This is a romance, what is the fact? According to the “Three Kingdoms Annals”, it is recorded that “Qi died of illness, and the group recommended that the former leader be the Jingzhou herdsman, who governs the public security. The power is slightly afraid of it, and the younger sister is firmly entrenched.” What does it mean? After Liu Bei took the four counties in Jiangnan, he went to the court and recommended Liu Qi as the governor of Jingzhou. Later, Liu Qi died of illness, so the people of Jingzhou Group recommended Liu Bei as the herdsman of Jingzhou. At this time, Liu Bei’s strength became stronger, and Sun Quan gradually felt afraid. Therefore, he married his sister to Liu Bei in order to consolidate the Sun Liu alliance.
＊孙权嫁妹妹是处于政治上的考虑，想通过和刘备联姻来巩固孙刘联盟，加强双方的关系，以共同抵抗曹操，所以刘备和孙权妹妹的婚姻是典型的政治婚姻。作为政治婚姻当然政治的因素是第一位的，那么在这种政治的前提下，刘备和孙权的妹妹他们之间是否幸福呢？
这里面至少有三个问题。第一是年龄问题，刘备当时多少岁呢？49岁，孙权的妹妹多少岁？19岁，年龄的悬殊是很大的。
Sun Quan’s marriage to his younger sister is a political consideration. He wants to consolidate the Sun Liu alliance and strengthen the relationship between the two parties through marriage with Liu Bei to jointly resist Cao Cao. Therefore, the marriage between Liu Bei and Sun Quan’s younger sister is a typical political marriage. As a political marriage, of course, the political factor comes first. Under this political premise, are Liu Bei and Sun Quan’s sister happy?
There are at least three issues here. The first question is age. How old was Liu Bei then? 49 years old, how old is Sun Quan’s sister? At the age of 19, the difference in age is significant.
第二点是性格问题。孙权这个妹妹叫孙仁，她出生在这样一个家庭里面，又嫁给了刘备这样一个人，她是江东第一小姐，荆州第一夫人，脾气恐怕是比较大的，史书上的说法叫做“才捷刚猛，有诸兄之风”，就是她的作派和孙策这些人一样。据说她嫁给刘备以后随身带了很多女兵，这些女兵都拿着刀在她的房门口站岗，这个刘备每次到他太太的房间去的时候两边都是女兵拿着刀，我都不知道洞房怎么入的，史书上的说法是先主“衷心常凛凛”，寒风凛冽的“凛”，就是感到一股寒气从脊梁背上升上来，为什么会这样呢？胡三省注《资治通鉴》的说法是“恐为所图”，就是随时都害怕孙小妹做什么动作。
The second point is about character. Sun Quan’s younger sister is called Sun Ren. She was born in such a family and married to a person like Liu Bei. She is the first lady of Jiangdong and the first lady of Jingzhou, and she may have a relatively strong temper. According to historical records, she is called “talented and strong, with the style of brothers.” That is, her style is the same as those of Sun Ce. It is said that after she married Liu Bei, she brought many female soldiers with her. These female soldiers all stood guard at the door of her room with swords. Every time Liu Bei went to his wife’s room, there were female soldiers on both sides with swords. I don’t know how to enter the bridal chamber. According to the historical records, the ancestors’ “heart often chills”, and the cold wind “chills”, that is, they felt a chill rising from their spine. Why did this happen? Hu Sansheng’s comment on “Zi Zhi Tong Jian” is that he is afraid of what he intends to do, which means he is always afraid of what Sun Xiaomei will do.
所以就有第三个问题，他们关系如何。关系如何呢？刘备方面很紧张，据《三国志·法正传》，诸葛亮后来回忆起这段往事的时候说了这么一句话，他说：“惧孙夫人生变于肘腋之下”，就是随时都提防着孙夫人要在刘备集团内部搞政变。刘备自己也很紧张，他采取的办法是什么呢？让赵云来担任他的内政部长，帮他管这摊子事，因为赵云这个人严重，“严重”就是很严谨，很持重，是个很稳重的人，很让人放心的人，把赵云调过来看住他的这位太太。那么现在看起来，刘备、诸葛亮的担心不无道理，建安十六年刘备入蜀，刘备一入蜀孙权就派了一个船队去接他的妹妹，他妹妹也愿意回东吴去，而且准备劫持刘禅，把刘禅也带走。幸亏刘备、诸葛亮早有安排，所以赵云来了一个截江夺阿斗，才总算是把这位未来的皇太子给夺回来了。这个事情虽然当时是记载在野史里面的，但是《资治通鉴》采用了，也就是司马光也认为这个事情恐怕是真实的。
So there’s the third question, how do they relate to each other. How is the relationship? Liu Bei was very nervous. According to the “Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms – The True Biography of the Law”, Zhuge Liang later recalled this episode by saying, “I’m afraid that Sun Fu’s life will change under my elbow.” He was always on guard against Mrs. Sun’s attempt to bring about a coup within the Liu Bei Group. Liu Bei himself is also very nervous. What approach does he take? Let Zhao Yun serve as his Minister of the Interior and help him manage this matter. Because Zhao Yun is a serious person, “serious” means very strict, very serious, a very stable person, and a very reassuring person. Transfer Zhao Yun to take care of his wife. So now it seems that Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang’s concern is not unreasonable. In the 16th year of Jian’an, Liu Bei entered Sichuan, and as soon as Liu Bei entered Sichuan, Sun Quan sent a fleet to pick up his sister. His sister is also willing to return to the Eastern Wu, and is preparing to kidnap Liu Chan and take him away. Fortunately, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang had already made arrangements, so Zhao Yun came to intercept the river to seize Ah Dou, and finally captured the future Crown Prince. Although this matter was recorded in unofficial history at that time, it was adopted in the “Zi Zhi Tong Jian”, which means that Sima Guang also believed that this matter may be true.
