李德裕（787—849），字文饶，唐代赵郡赞皇（今河北赞皇县）人，与其父李吉甫均为晚唐名相。唐文宗时，受李宗闵、牛僧儒等牛党势力倾轧，由翰林学士出为浙西观察使。太和七年，入相，复遭奸臣郑注、李训等人排斥，左迁。唐武宗即位后，李德裕再度入相，执政期间外平回鹘、内定昭义、裁汰冗官、协助武宗灭佛，功绩显赫。会昌四年八月，进封太尉、赵国公。唐武宗与李德裕之间的君臣相知成为晚唐之绝唱。后唐宣宗即位，李德裕由于位高权重，五贬为崖州司户。李德裕两度为相，太和年间为相1年8个月，会昌年间为相5年7个月，两次为相7年3个月。
Li Deyu (787-849), also known as Wenrao, was born in Zanhuang, Zhao Commandery (now Zanhuang County, Hebei Province) during the Tang Dynasty. He and his father Li Jifu were both famous ministers of the late Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wenzong of Tang, he was overthrown by the forces of the Niu Party such as Li Zongmin and Niu Sengru, and was appointed as the Observer of Western Zhejiang by the Hanlin Academy. In the seventh year of the Taihe reign, he was appointed as the prime minister but was once again rejected by treacherous officials such as Zheng Zhu and Li Xun, and moved to the left. After Emperor Wu of Tang ascended the throne, Li Deyu once again became prime minister. During his reign, he pacified the Uyghurs, established Zhao Yi internally, dismissed redundant officials, and assisted Emperor Wu in the destruction of Buddhism, achieving remarkable achievements. In August of the fourth year of Huichang, he was appointed as a Grand Commandant and Duke of Zhao. The mutual understanding between Emperor Wuzong of Tang and Li Deyu became a masterpiece of the late Tang Dynasty. After Emperor Xuanzong of the Later Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, Li Deyu was demoted five times to the position of Yazhou Prefect due to his high position and power. Li Deyu served as prime minister twice, with one year and eight months of prime minister during the Taihe period, five years and seven months of prime minister during the Huichang period, and seven years and three months of prime minister twice.
The Three Poems Sent to Sun Lianshi on Maoshan, Part One “is a five character regulated poem created by the Tang Dynasty poet Li Deyu. It depicts the tranquil scenery of Maoshan and expresses the poet’s admiration for the Taoist priests there.
李德裕·《寄茅山孙炼师三首·其一》
何地最翛然，华阳第八天。
松风清有露，萝月净无烟。
乍警瑶坛鹤，时嘶玉树蝉。
欲驰千里恋，惟有凤门泉。
To Patriarch Sun at Hua-yang1 Grotto
Li Te-yü
I
In what place is one most free of bonds?
At Hua-yang, eighth of the Heavens.
The wind in the pines carries dew in all its clarity;
The moon, through the bearded lichen, is cleansed of mist.
Suddenly startled—a crane at the gemmy altar;
Humming in season—cicadas on the jeweled tree.
I long to post my thoughts from a thousand tricents:
“My only love is the spring at Phoenix Gate.”
1. “Golden-altared” Hua-yang is a grotto-heaven hidden at the roots of Mao Shan, a
mountain sacred to Taoists.
（Edward H. Schafer 译）
