The offering of a dove is selected from Liezi·Shuo Fu Liezi, a thinker in the early Warring States period, is another representative figure of Taoist thought besides Laozi and Zhuangzi, and is a contemporary of Duke Mu of Zheng. His learning is based on Huangdi and Laozi, and advocates tranquility and inaction. The “Taoism” section of Ban Gu’s “Yiwenzhi” in the Later Han Dynasty records eight volumes of “Liezi”. “Liezi”, also known as “Chongxu Jing”, (written between 450 and 375 BC), is an important book of early Huang-Lao Taoism. The book “Liezi” currently circulating was studied by some people in the pre-Qin period. After the Qin fire, only eight chapters remained when Liu Xiang sorted out “Liezi”. The Western Jin Dynasty suffered from the Yongjia Rebellion and was incomplete after crossing the Yangtze River. Later, it was collected and sorted out by Zhang Zhan and supplemented. This fable exposes the hypocritical behavior of some people who only care about form, not effect, seek fame, and pretend to be benevolent and righteous. We cannot only care about our own interests, but also think about others. This clearly exposes the hypocrisy of the feudal rulers. Releasing animals is based on killing animals, but they have to admit it logically.
献鸠选自《列子·说符》 列子，战国前期思想家，是老子和庄子之外的又一位道家思想代表人物，与郑缪公同时。其学本于黄帝老子，主张清静无为。后汉班固《艺文志》“道家”部分录有《列子》八卷。《列子》又名《冲虚经》，（于前450至前375年所撰）是早期黄老道家重要典籍。 现在流传的《列子》一书，在先秦曾有人研习过，经过秦火，刘向整理《列子》时存者仅为八篇，西晋遭永嘉之乱，渡江后始残缺。其后经由张湛搜罗整理加以补全。这篇寓言揭露了某些人只讲形式，不讲效果，沽名钓誉，假仁假义的伪善行为。不能只顾自己的利益，要为别人着想。这很明显地戳穿了封建统治者的虚伪性，放生建筑在杀生的基础上，而在逻辑上面又不得不低头承认。
《古代寓言·献鸠》
邯郸之民，以正月之旦献鸠于简子，简子大悦，厚赏之。
客问其故。
简子曰：“正旦放生，示有恩也。”
客曰：“民知君之欲放之。竞而捕之，死者众矣。君如欲生之，不若禁民勿捕。捕而放之，恩过不相补矣。”
简子曰：“然。”
——《列子》
Presenting Doves
It was the custom in Handan to catch doves to present to the prince on New Year’s Day, for this pleased him so much that he gave rich rewards. Someone asked the prince the reason for this custom.
“I free the doves at New Year to show my kindness,” he said.
“Since your subjects know you want doves to set free, they all set about catching them,” objected the other. “And the result is that many doves are killed. If you really want to save the doves, you had better forbid people to catch them. As things are, you catch them to free them, and your kindness cannot make up for the damage you do.”
The prince agreed with him.
Lie Zi
