千古奇文《隆中对》，为当时穷途末路的刘备点燃了希望之灯，同时，也为诸葛亮自己找到了一个施展才华的机会。但是，有人认为，诸葛亮的“隆中对”只不过是纸上谈兵，而且之前就有人做过类似的战略分析。那么，我们该如何看待这篇作品呢？敬请关注《易中天品三国》之——隆中对策。
“Longzhong Plan”, an ancient masterpiece, lit a lamp of hope for Liu Bei, who was at the end of his tether at that time. At the same time, it also provided Zhuge Liang with an opportunity to display his talents. However, some people believe that Zhuge Liang’s “Long Zhong Pai” is just a matter of paper, and similar strategic analysis has been done before. So, how do we view this work? Please pay attention to “Yi Zhong Tian Pin Three Kingdoms” – Longzhong Countermeasures.
上一集讲到，刘备思贤若渴，真诚地来请诸葛亮，于是三顾茅庐成为一段千古佳话，而他们在草庐中的对话，就是大家所熟悉的《隆中对》。从古至今，学者们大多对《隆中对》中的精辟见解表示非常推崇。可有人说，“隆中对”就是诸葛亮写给刘备的一封求职书，未免有纸上谈兵的嫌疑。那么诸葛亮究竟想在“隆中对”中表达什么呢?“隆中对”打动刘备的究竟是哪一点呢？厦门大学易中天教授做客《百家讲坛》，为您精彩分析隆中对策的奥妙之处，《易中天品三国》之“隆中对策”正在播出，敬请关注。
As mentioned in the previous episode, Liu Bei was eager for wisdom and sincerely invited Zhuge Liang. Therefore, Sangu Maolu became a timeless story, and their conversation in the cottage was known as “Long Zhong Pai.”. Since ancient times, scholars have mostly expressed great admiration for the incisive insights in “Long Zhong Pai”. However, some people say that “Long Zhong Pai” is a job application letter written by Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei, which may be suspected of being an armchair strategist. So what exactly does Zhuge Liang want to express in “Long Zhong Pai”? What exactly impressed Liu Bei about “Long Zhong Pai”? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is a guest at “The Hundred Lectures” to provide you with a wonderful analysis of the mysteries of the Longzhong Strategy. The “Longzhong Strategy” of “Yi Zhongtian Pins the Three Kingdoms” is on the air, so please pay attention.
易中天：
这一集我们讲《隆中对》，什么是“隆中对”呢？所谓“隆中对”实际上是刘备和诸葛亮在隆中的一次密谈，《三国志》说得很清楚：“因屏人曰”，也就是把其他的闲杂人等，甚至我估计连关羽、张飞都离开了那个密室，只有刘备和诸葛亮两个人谈，刘备就提了一个问题，刘备说：
“汉室倾颓，奸臣窃命，主上蒙尘。孤不度德量力，欲信大义于天大，而智术短浅，遂用猖獗，至于今日。然志犹未已，君谓计将安出？”
Yi Zhongtian:
In this episode, we talk about “Long Zhong Pai”. What is “Long Zhong Pai”? The so-called “Longzhong Dui” is actually a secret conversation between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang in Longzhong. The “Three Kingdoms Annals” clearly states, “Due to the screen people,” which means that other idle people, such as Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, have left the secret room. Only Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang talked, and Liu Bei raised a question, Liu Bei said:
“The Han family has fallen, treacherous officials have stolen their lives, and the Lord has fallen into the dust. Alongside their moral integrity and strength, they want to believe in the great righteousness of heaven, but their wisdom and skills are short and shallow, so they use them wildly. As of today, however, their aspirations are still not yet complete. Do you think the plan will be settled?”
这是刘备的提问，这段话历来不太被人注意，认为这不过是一番套话，一个帽子，就像我们现在写文章一样，穿鞋戴帽，要有一个起头。其实这段话是有意义的，就说开头这十二个字：“汉室倾颓，奸臣窃命，主上蒙尘。”就是现在我们汉王朝这个政权已经很危险了，曹操这个奸臣掌握了国家的政权，而我们的皇上实际上是在落难。这段话刘备是必须说的，这是他的身份决定的，因为他是所谓“帝室之胄”，就是他是以刘家的宗室、后代这个身份来参加这一轮角逐的，他必须表明自己的政治立场，表明自己心系王室、心忧天下的这样一个政治立场，保证他政治上正确，这样他提出需要诸葛亮来帮助他的要求才能够得到理解，才能够得到同情。
This is a question from Liu Bei. This passage has never been paid much attention to. I think it is just a cliche, a hat, just like we do in writing articles now. Wearing shoes and hats requires a start. In fact, this passage is meaningful. Just say the first twelve words: “The Han family has fallen, treacherous officials have stolen their lives, and the Lord has been exposed to dust.” It is now that the regime of the Han Dynasty is very dangerous, and Cao Cao, the treacherous official, has taken control of the country’s regime, while our emperor is actually in trouble. This passage must be said by Liu Bei. It is determined by his identity, because he is the so-called “nobleman of the imperial family”, that is, he participated in this round of competition as the patriarchal clan and descendant of the Liu family. He must state his political position, state his political position of caring for the royal family and the world, and ensure that he is politically correct, so that his request for Zhuge Liang’s help can be understood, To receive sympathy.
接下来的那么一段话也不是空话，这段话的意义在于说明情况，宣示决心，表达诚意，提出问题。什么情况呢？就是我“智术短浅，遂用猖獗”；什么决心呢？“志犹未已”；这样才提出了“君谓计将安出”，请足下说说看，我该怎么办呢？他这样一番心意，诸葛亮当然是理解的，也是同情的。而且诸葛亮也非常清楚地明白刘备提出的关键问题，“君谓计将安出”，不是说主上蒙尘，我们皇上现在日子不好过该怎么办，而是我刘备智术浅短，遂用猖獗，至于今日，一直寄人篱下，颠沛流离，成不了大事，该怎么办？所以诸葛亮对这个问题的回答不从“奸臣窃命，主上蒙尘”说起，他回答他一个实实在在的问题，是什么呢？诸葛亮为刘备分析当今天下的形势，他说当今天下的形势是什么呢？是：
The following paragraph is not empty talk. The meaning of this paragraph is to explain the situation, demonstrate determination, express sincerity, and ask questions. What is the situation? That is, I am “short of wisdom and rampant in using it”; What determination? “The ambition has not yet been achieved”; In this way, we have put forward the idea of “Your Majesty’s plan will be settled down.” Please tell me what I should do? Zhuge Liang certainly understood and sympathized with his thoughts. Moreover, Zhuge Liang also very clearly understood the key issue raised by Liu Bei, “The king calls the plan to be settled.” This is not to say that the Lord is in the dust. Our emperor is having a difficult time now. What should we do? It is that my Liu Bei’s intellectual skills are shallow and he has become rampant. As for today, I have been under the supervision of others and have been in exile, unable to achieve great things. What should I do? Therefore, Zhuge Liang’s answer to this question does not start with “treacherous ministers steal lives, and the Lord is covered with dust.” He answered him a real question, what is it? Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation in the world today for Liu Bei. What did he say is the situation in the world today? Yes:
“自董卓已来，豪杰并起，跨州连郡者不可胜数。”
什么意思？就是自从董卓作乱以后，各路诸侯分封割据，抢占地盘，我们大汉王朝已经到了一个大家都不管皇帝死活，只管自己抢占地盘的时代，就是这样一个形势。在这样一个形势下，我们该做什么呢？很清楚，我们也得抢占地盘。因为不管你的政治理想、政治抱负、政治目标是什么，是实实在在的真的要保卫我们当今皇上呢，还是为了实现个的野心，不管你是什么目标，也不管你是什么抱负，总之都有一个前提，必须有一块根据地。
“Since Dong Zhuo has come, there have been countless heroes who have crossed states and counties.”
what do you mean? Since Dong Zhuo’s rebellion, various vassals have divided their territories and seized territory. Our Han Dynasty has reached an era where everyone cares about the emperor’s life or death, but only about seizing territory by themselves. This is a situation like this. In such a situation, what should we do? It is clear that we also have to seize the territory. “Because no matter what your political ideals, ambitions, or goals are, whether you really want to defend our current emperor, or whether you want to achieve your own ambitions, no matter what your goals, or whatever your ambitions are, there is a prerequisite and there must be a base area.”.
