-
Suffering Is Also an Asset by Lin Wei ~ 林巍 《痛苦也是财富》 with English Translations
作品原文 林巍 《痛苦也是财富》 人生固然有欢乐,但也一定不乏痛苦。有了这种认识和思想准备也是非常必要的,因为这样会使你的生活增加欢乐而减少痛苦。 鸟瞰人生,可略有领悟。上学时,有获得知识的乐趣,便有做功课、考试、排名次的危机与痛苦。同样,也有同学间相处的融合与纠结。青年时,春心萌动,幻想联翩,难以实现,亦难免陷入困扰。 结婚之后,实际进入了更多的矛盾之中;思想的落差、相处的困难、子女的教育、财务的争执等等,也会陷入婚姻危机。随后,年龄愈大,健康愈差,事业、家庭中的许多潜在矛盾会日益突出,因而又会有中年危机和老年危机,直至步入死亡。 所以说,人生在世,如意的事不足一二,不如意的则十有八九。但这“八九”不是负担,而是有用的,因为人在痛苦中所学到的,要比在欢乐中所学到的多得多。 “自古欢愉酿糟糠,从来痛苦出杰作”。对此,司马迁早在两千多年前便有精彩论述:“盖西伯拘而演《周易》;仲尼厄而作《春秋》;屈原放逐,乃赋《离骚》;左丘失明,厥有《国语》;孙子膑脚,《兵法》修列;不韦迁蜀,世传《吕览》;韩非囚秦,《说难》、《孤愤》;《诗》三百篇,大氐贤圣发愤只所为作也。此人皆有所郁结,不得通其道,故述往事,思来者”。 所以,让我们把人生每一阶段上的痛苦,都当做自己的宝贵财富吧。 作品译文 Suffering Is Also an Asset Lin Wei There’s no rose without a thorn. This thought is absolutely necessary to prepare you to experience less pain and more joy in your journey of life. With a bird’s-eye view, you may realize something meaningful. During your school years, while joyfully acquiring knowledge you are also under the pressure of homework, examinations, and ranking. You face crises and agony. Meanwhile, all sorts of intricate affairs may happen between you and your classmates. In your youth, puberty may fill you with unrealized desires and send you into deeper perplexity. Entering marriage, you are actually in the center of all the contradictions—the matching of different personalities, enduring of family members, children’s schooling, financial management and so on, you may also fall into marriage crisis. As you age, your health may deteriorate and various troubles in your career and family may gradually emerge. Mid-life and old-age crisis will follow, leading you to your eternity. We may therefore conclude that much of our life may not be spent in contentment. However, the things that discontent are, in fact, not useless since you may learn more… -
Moral Judgment by Lin Wei ~ 林巍 《道德判断》 with English Translations
作品原文 林巍 《道德判断》 道德观念,对于人们可能并不陌生,而道德判断,则有些新颖,似乎颇具学术味道。 其实,在任何社会里,都离不开道德判断,它不过是对道德观念的一种具体体现与应用。 概括而言,道德判断可以理解为特定社会中一种以文化为依托的判断;即对社会上的一些作为或不作为,甚至意识、动机乃至性格等的对错、善恶、得失等所形成的观点、所作出的评估。因社会文化的不同,道德判断也是多样的。 在西方传统文化里,个人首先被看作是独立的存在,具有各种权利和行为自由,同时也对自己的行为全权负责。然而,不同个体之间的利益又会发生冲突,如何解决?这就需要遵守维护相互间利益的社会契约原则。 因而,个人自由理念和社会契约精神是西方道德判断的核心价值。在此社会里,判断一个人道德的标准,是看其行为是否侵犯了他人的权利;至于是否帮助别人,则是个人的自由选择,而非道德要求。 有西方社会学家认为,男人主要是在竞争权利中看待道德问题,试图通过理性和原则来解决问题;而女性则从人际关系中看待问题,希翼以沟通方式来解决问题。这一两性间道德判断的差别,是西方个人主义社会的典型范式。 相应而言,东方社会是以社会关系为基础的,强调社会责任的重要性、个体需求间的协调以及对整个民族和社会的贡献,因而其道德判断标准,多是责任的和人际关系的。例如,有研究表明,在面临作出某项道德判断时,美国人提出需要了解的多是当事人本身的背景和事情的客观结果,而日本人提出要了解的,则多是当事人的家庭关系和主观感受等。而且,在日本社会里,人们极不情愿就某种社会关系中的问题作出指责,认为那样对本身的文化体系是不当而有害的。因而,日本人道德判断的实质,是当事人行为的关联性与主观性,而非仅仅是行为本身。这与美国人重事实、讲原则的道德判断方式形成鲜明对照。 甚而言之,在日本法律制度里,若被告作出了深刻反省,其判决可被大大减轻。在美国,这是不可想象的。因为,在那里,判刑的依据不是被告的主观感受而是客观事实。 中国传统社会是儒家文化,其道德判断的“人际性”和“等级性”根深蒂固。在儒家的五种基本伦理关系中,有三项是家庭关系,两项是上下级关系,而在二者之间的领域,则是其道德规范的薄弱环节。同时,在这种道德判断中,又有着“圈内”与“圈外”的实质性区别。 那么,撇开不同的文化因素,世界上是否存在某些“普世”的道德判断标准?广义而言,有的。例如,尊重他人权利、守法、守规矩、责任心、公德心、互惠互利原则、契约精神等等。应当说,在某种意义上,这些已不再是某一特定文化或社会的专利,而是人类文明发展到了今日的共识。 作品译文 Moral Judgment Everybody is familiar with the term "moral", but not "moral judgment" which seems to be novel and a bit academic. As a matter of fact, moral judgment, as a specific manifestation of morality, is deeply rooted in any society. Generally speaking, moral judgments may be understand as culture-bound evaluations in a society, that are the assessments or opinions formed as to whether some action or inaction, intention, motive or character is right or wrong, good or bad, beneficial or damaging. Moral judgments are naturally diversified given the cultural differences across societies. In traditional western culture, individuals are primarily viewed as independent entities endowed with a set of natural rights, freedom and responsible for their actions. Different individual interests, however, may be at odds with each other from time to time. In resolving these conflicts, the principle of social contract is thus required to uphold interests based on consensus. The idea of personal liberty and the notion of a social contract are therefore at the core of moral judgment in the West, where individuals are judged according to whether their actions violate the…
Checking in, please wait...
Click for today's check-in bonus!
You have earned {{mission.data.mission.credit}} points today
My Coupons
-
¥CouponsLimitation of use:Expired and UnavailableLimitation of use:
before
Limitation of use:Permanently validCoupon ID:×Available for the following products: Available for the following products categories: Unrestricted use:Available for all products and product types
No coupons available!
Unverify
Daily tasks completed