Lu Xun

作品原文 鲁迅 《风筝》 北京的冬季，地上还有积雪，灰黑色的秃树枝丫叉于晴朗的天空中，而远处有一二风筝在浮动，在我是一种惊异和悲哀。 故乡的风筝时节，是春二月，倘听到沙沙的风轮生，仰头便能看见一个淡墨色的蟹风筝或嫩蓝色的蜈蚣风筝。还有寂寞的瓦片风筝，没有风轮又放地很低，零丁地显出憔悴可怜模样。但此时地上的杨柳已经发芽，早的山桃也多吐蕾，和孩子们的天上的点缀相照应，打成一片春日的温和。我现在在哪里呢？四面都还是严冬的肃杀，而久经诀别的故乡的久经逝去的春天，却就在这天空中荡漾了。 但我是向来不爱放风筝的，不但不爱，并且嫌恶它，因为我以为这是没有出息孩子所做的玩艺。和我相反的是我的小兄弟，他那时大概十岁内外罢，多病，瘦得不堪，然而最喜欢风筝，自己买不起，我又不许放，他只得张着小嘴，呆看着空中出神，有时至于小半日。远处的蟹风筝突然落下来了，他惊呼；两个瓦片风筝的缠绕解开了，他高兴得跳跃。他的这些，在我看来都是笑柄，可鄙的。 有一天，我忽然想起，似乎多日不很看见他了，但记得曾见他在后园拾枯竹。我恍然大悟似的，便跑向少有人去的一间堆积杂物的小屋去，推开门，果然就在尘封的什物堆中发现了他。他向着大方凳，坐在小凳上；便很惊惶地站了起来，失了色瑟缩着。大方凳旁靠着一个胡蝶风筝的竹骨，还没有糊上纸，凳上是一对做眼睛用的小风轮，正用红纸条装饰着，将要完工了。我在破获秘密的满足中，又很愤怒他的瞒了我的眼睛，这样苦心孤诣地来偷做没出息孩子的玩艺。我即刻伸手折断了胡蝶的一只翅骨，又将风轮掷在地下，踏扁了。论长幼，论力气，他是都敌不过我的，我当然得到完全的胜利，于是傲然走出，留他绝望地站在小屋里。后来他怎样，我不知道，也没有留心。 然而我的惩罚终于轮到了，在我们离别得很久之后，我已经是中年。我不幸偶而看到一本外国的讲论儿童的书，才知道游戏是儿童最正当的行为，玩具是儿童的天使。于是二十年来毫不忆及的幼小时候对于精神的虐杀这一幕，忽地在眼前展开，而我的心也仿佛同时变了铅块，很重很重的堕下去了。 但心又不竟堕下去而至于断绝，他只是很重很重地堕着，堕着。 我也知道补过的方法的：送他风筝，赞成他放，劝他放，我和他一同放。我们嚷着，跑着，笑着。— 然而他其时已经和我一样，早已有了胡子了。 我也知道还有一个补救的方法的：去讨他的宽恕，等他说，“我可是毫不怪你呵。”那么，我的心一定就轻松了，这确是一个可行的方法。有一回，我们会面的时候，是脸上都已添刻了许多“生”的辛苦的条纹，而我的心很沉重。我们渐渐谈起儿时的旧事来，我便叙述到这一节，自说少年时代的胡涂。“我可是毫不怪你呵。”我想，他要说了，我即刻便受了宽恕，我的心从此也宽松了罢。 “有过这样的事么？”他惊异的笑着说，就像旁听着别人的故事一样。他什么也不记得了。 全然忘却，毫无怨恨，又有什么宽恕之可言呢？无怨的恕，说谎罢了。 我还能希求什么呢？我的心只得沉重着。 现在，故乡的春天又在这异地的空中了，既给我久经逝去的儿时的回忆，而一并也带着无可把握的悲哀。我倒不如躲到肃杀的严冬中去罢，— 但是，四面又明明是严冬，正给我非常的寒威和冷气。 英文译文 The Kite A Peking winter dismays and depresses me: the thick snow on the ground and the bare trees' ashen branches thrusting up towards the clear blue sky, while in the distance one or two skies are floating. At home, the time for kites is early spring. When you hear the whirr of a wind-wheel, you raise your head to see a grey crab-kite or a soft blue centipede-kite. Or there may be a solitary tile-kite, without wind-wheel and flown too low, looking pathetically lonely and forlorn. By this time, though, the willows on the ground are putting out shoots, and the early mountain peaches have budded. Set off by the children's fancy-work in the sky, together they make up the warmth of spring. Where am I now? All round me dread winter reigns, while the long-departed spring of my long-forgotten home is floating in this northern sky. Yet I never liked flying kites. Far from liking kites, in fact, I detested them as playthings of good-for-nothing children. My young brother was just the reverse. He must then have been about ten,…

作品原文 鲁迅 《一件小事》 我从乡下跑到京城里，一转眼已经六年了。其间耳闻目睹的所谓国家大事，算起来也很不少；但在我心里，都不留什么痕迹，倘要我寻出这些事的影响来说，便只是增长了我的坏脾气，——老实说，便是教我一天比一天的看不起人。 但有一件小事，却于我有意义，将我从坏脾气里拖开，使我至今忘记不得。 这是民国六年的冬天，大北风刮得正猛，我因为生计关系，不得不一早在路上走。一路几乎遇不见人，好容易才雇定了一辆人力车，教他拉到S门去。不一会，北风小了，路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。刚近S门，忽而车把上带着一个人，慢慢地倒了。 跌倒的是一个女人，花白头发，衣服都很破烂。伊从马路上突然向车前横截过来；车夫已经让开道，但伊的破棉背心没有上扣，微风吹着，向外展开，所以终于兜着车把。幸而车夫早有点停步，否则伊定要栽一个大斤斗，跌到头破血出了。 伊伏在地上；车夫便也立住脚。我料定这老女人并没有伤，又没有别人看见，便很怪他多事，要自己惹出是非，也误了我的路。 我便对他说，“没有什么的。走你的罢！” 车夫毫不理会，——或者并没有听到，——却放下车子，扶那老女人慢慢起来，搀着臂膊立定，问伊说： “你怎么啦？” “我摔坏了。” 我想，我眼见你慢慢倒地，怎么会摔坏呢，装腔作势罢了，这真可憎恶。车夫多事，也正是自讨苦吃，现在你自己想法去。 车夫听了这老女人的话，却毫不踌躇，仍然搀着伊的臂膊，便一步一步的向前走。我有些诧异，忙看前面，是一所巡警分驻所，大风之后，外面也不见人。这车夫扶着那老女人，便正是向那大门走去。 我这时突然感到一种异样的感觉，觉得他满身灰尘的后影，刹时高大了，而且愈走愈大，须仰视才见。而且他对于我，渐渐的又几乎变成一种威压，甚而至于要榨出皮袍下面藏着的“小”来。 我的活力这时大约有些凝滞了，坐着没有动，也没有想，直到看见分驻所里走出一个巡警，才下了车。 巡警走近我说，“你自己雇车罢，他不能拉你了。” 我没有思索的从外套袋里抓出一大把铜元，交给巡警，说，“请你给他……” 风全住了，路上还很静。我走着，一面想，几乎怕敢想到自己。以前的事姑且搁起，这一大把铜元又是什么意思？奖他么？我还能裁判车夫么？我不能回答自己。 这事到了现在，还是时时记起。我因此也时时煞了苦痛，努力的要想到我自己。几年来的文治武力，在我早如幼小时候所读过的“子曰诗云”一般，背不上半句了。独有这一件小事，却总是浮在我眼前，有时反更分明，教我惭愧，催我自新，并且增长我的勇气和希望。 英文译文 A Small Incident Lu Xun Sixyears have slipped by since I came from the country to the capital. During thattime the number of so-called affairs of state I have witnessed or heard aboutis far from small, but none of them made much impression. If asked to definetheir influence on me, I can only say they made my bad temper worse. Franklyspeaking, they taught me to take a poorer view of people every day. One smallincident, however, which struck me as significant and jolted me out of myirritability, remains fixed even now in my memory. It was thewinter of 1917, a strong north wind was blustering, but the exigencies ofearning my living forced me to be up and out early. I met scarcely a soul onthe road, but eventually managed to hire a rickshaw to take me to S—Gate.Presently the wind dropped a little, having blown away the drifts of dust onthe road to leave a clean broad highway, and the rickshaw man quickened hispace. We were just approaching S—Gate when we knocked into someone who slowlytoppled over. It was…

作品原文 鲁迅 《螃蟹》 老螃蟹觉得不安了，觉得全身太硬了，自己知道要蜕壳了。 他跑来跑去的寻。他想寻一个窟穴，躲了身子，将石子堵了穴口，隐隐的蜕壳。他知道外面蜕壳是危险的。身子还软，要被别的螃蟹吃去的。这并非空害怕，他实在亲眼见过。 他慌慌张张的走。 旁边的螃蟹问他说：“老兄，你何以这般慌？” “就在这里蜕不很好么？我还要帮你呢。” “那太怕人了。” “你不怕窟穴里的别的东西，却怕我们同种么？” “我不是怕同种。” “那还怕什么呢？” “就怕你要吃掉我。” 英文译文 The Crab Lu Xun An old crab grew restless. Finding himself stiff all over, he knew it was time for him to moult his shell. He dashed here and there in search of a cave to hide. He was going to block up the mouth of the cave so that he could moult in secret. He knew it would be very dangerous to shed his shell in the open because, with his new shell still being soft, he might be eaten up by other crabs. This fear was not groundless for he himself had really seen it happen to other moulting crabs. The old crab kept moving about in a hurry. A nearby crab asked, "Hey, brother, what's the rush?" "I am going to moult," answered the old crab. "Wouldn't it be all right to moult right here? I could help you out with it." "How horrible that would be!" "You mean while you're not scared of other things in the cave you're scared of your own kind?" "No, I'm not scared of my own kind." "Then what are you scared of?" "Nothing but being eaten…

作品原文 鲁迅 《立论》 我梦见自己正在小学校的讲堂上预备作文，向老师请教立论的方法。 “难！”老师从眼镜圈外斜射出眼光来，看着我，说。”我告诉你一件事—— “一家人家生了一个男孩，合家高兴透顶了。满月的时候，抱出来给客人看，——大概自然是想得一点好兆头。 “一个说：‘这孩子将来要发财的。’他于是得到一番感谢。 “一个说：‘这孩子将来要做官的。’他于是收回几句恭维。 “一个说：‘这孩子将来是要死的。’他于是得到一顿大家合力的痛打。 “说要死的必然，说富贵的许谎。但说谎的得好报，说必然的遭打。你……” “我愿意既不说谎，也不遭打。那么，老师，我得怎么说呢？” “那么，你得说：‘啊呀！这孩子呵！您瞧！多么……啊唷！哈哈！Hehe！he，he he he he！’” 英文译文 On Presenting a View Lu Xun I dreamed that while preparing to write a composition in a primaryschool classroom I asked the teacher how to present a view. “That’s ahard nut,” said the teacher, giving me a sidelong glance over his glasses. “Letme tell you this story---” “When a babyboy is born to a family, there is immense joy in the whole household. When heis one month old, they invite some people over for taking a look athim---customarily, of course, in expectation of some good wishes. “One of theguests receives hearty thanks for saying, ‘The child is destined to be rich. ’ “Another ispaid some compliments in return for saying, ‘The child is destined to be anofficial.’ “Stillanother, however, is given a sound beating by the whole family for saying, ‘Thechild will eventually die.’ “To call thechild mortal is to state the inevitable while to say that the child will becomevery rich or a high official is probably a lie. Yet the former gets a thrashingwhile the latter is rewarded. You…” “I don’t wantto tell a lie, and neither do I want to be…

作品原文 鲁迅 《自题小像》 灵台无计逃神矢，风雨如磐暗故园。 寄意寒星荃不察，我以我血荐轩辕。 英文译文 On a Photograph of Himself Lu Xun The tower cannot avoid the gods’ sharp arrows; Dark is the ancient garden crushed beneath the storm. Unrecognized, I put my hope in an ice-cold star While offering my blood to the Yellow Emperor.

作品原文 鲁迅 《自嘲》 运交华盖欲何求， 未敢翻身已碰头。 破帽遮颜过闹市， 漏船载酒泛中流。 横眉冷对千夫指， 俯首甘为孺子牛。 躲进小楼成一统， 管他冬夏与春秋。 英文译文 A Satire on Myself Lu Xun Born under an unlucky star, What could I do? Afraid to turn a somersault, Still my head received a blow. My face hidden under a torn hat, I cross the busy market. Carrying wine in a leaking boat, I sail downstream. Eyebrows raised, coldly confronting Accusing fingers of a thousand bullies. Yet with my head bowed, I’ll be an ox for children. Secluded in my small attic, I’ll enjoy my solitary state. Who cares if it’s winter or summer? Who cares if it’s autumn or spring?

作品原文 鲁迅 《无题·惯于长夜过春时》 惯于长夜过春时，挈妇将雏鬓有丝。 梦里依稀慈母泪，城头变幻大王旗。 忍看朋辈成新鬼，怒向刀丛觅小诗。 吟罢低眉无写处，月光如水照缁衣。 英文译文 Long Nights Lu Xun Used to the long nights of spring time, My hair grows white as I hide with my wife and son; Dreams show my dear mother in tears And the chieftains’ flags over the city are always changing. Cruel to see my friends become fresh ghosts! Raging I turn on the bayonets and write these lines. Will they ever see print? I frown, While moonlight glimmers like liquid on my dark gown.

作品原文 鲁迅 《无题·洞庭木落楚天高》 洞庭木落楚天高，眉黛猩红涴战袍。 泽畔有人吟不得，秋波渺渺失离骚。 英文译文     Untitled (“Under a high and southern sky”) Lu Xun Under a high and southern sky the leaves fall by the lake; Eyebrow-colour and rouge now stain the warriors’ robes. The wanderer by the water’s edge may no longer chant his songs; Amid the endless autumn waves Elegy is lost.

作品原文 鲁迅 《无题·血沃中原肥劲草》 血沃中原肥劲草，寒凝大地发春华。 英雄多故谋夫病，泪洒崇陵噪暮鸦。 英文译文     Untitled (“Strong grows the grass”) Lu Xun Strong grows the grass on plains made rich with blood; In winter-frozen earth spring starts to quicken. While the heroes quarrel their advisers all go sick, Weep at the Mausoleum, and caw like crows at dusk.

作品原文 鲁迅 《无题·大野多钩棘》 大野多钩棘，长天列战云。 几家春袅袅，万籁静愔愔。 下土惟秦醉，中流辍越吟。 风波一浩荡，花树已萧森。 英文译文     Untitled (“Thorns cover the plain”) Lu Xun Thorns cover the plain, War clouds fill the skies. Few enjoy the tender spring And many a voice is silent. Drunken tyranny rules the world And some men change their tune. After the havoc of the storm Trees and flowers are bare.

作品原文 鲁迅 《无题·杀人有将》 杀人有将，救人为医。 杀了大半，救其孑遗。 小补之哉，乌呼噫嘻。 英文译文     Untitled (“When the generals kill”) Lu Xun When the generals kill, Doctors have to save. After most are killed, A few escape the grave. It hardly makes the losses less, Alas.

作品原文 鲁迅 《无题·大江日夜向东流》 大江日夜向东流，聚义群雄又远游。 六代绮罗成旧梦，石头城上月如钩。 英文译文     Untitled Poems (“By night and day the mighty stream flows east”) Lu Xun By night and day the mighty stream flows east, While all the heroes set off on new travels. The splendor of the past is now a dream: Over Stone City hangs a crescent moon.

作品原文 鲁迅 《无题·万家墨面》 万家墨面没蒿菜，敢有歌吟动地哀。 心事浩茫连广宇，于无声处听惊雷。 英文译文     Untitled (“The gaunt-faced commoners”) Lu Xun The gaunt-faced commoners are buried by weeds; None dares to sing a dirge to move the earth to grief. When thoughts spread wide to fill the whole of space, Amid the silence comes the crash of thunder.

作品原文 鲁迅 《无题·一支清采妥湘灵》 一支清采妥湘灵，九畹贞风慰独醒。 无奈终输萧艾密，却成迁客播芳馨。 英文译文     Untitled (“A spray of pure blossom would comfort the Goddess”) Lu Xun A spray of pure blossom would comfort the Goddess, When orchid-laden breezes soothed the sober-headed. But all in the end was smothered by wormwood: Only the exile can now spread fragrance.

作品原文 鲁迅 《无题·禹域多飞将》 禹域多飞将，蜗庐剩逸民。 夜邀潭底影，玄酒颂皇仁。 英文译文     Untitled (“The land of Yu has many a flying general”) Lu Xun The land of Yu has many a flying general: Survivors shelter in their wretched huts. When pools reflect our visitors at night, We toast our goodly rulers in plain water.

作品原文 鲁迅 《聪明人和傻子和奴才》 奴才总不过是寻人诉苦。只要这样，也只能这样。有一日，他遇到一个聪明人。 “先生！”他悲哀地说，眼泪联成一线，就从眼角上直流下来。“你知道的。我所过的简直不是人的生活。吃的是一天未必有一餐，这一餐又不过是高粱皮，连猪狗都不要吃的，尚且只有一小碗……” “这实在令人同情。”聪明人也惨然说。 “可不是么！”他高兴了。“可是做工是昼夜无休息：清早担水晚烧饭，上午跑街夜磨面，晴洗衣裳雨张伞，冬烧汽炉夏打扇。半夜要煨银耳，侍候主人耍钱；头钱从来没分，有时还挨皮鞭……。” “唉唉……”聪明人叹息着，眼圈有些发红，似乎要下泪。 “先生！我这样是敷衍不下去的。我总得另外想法子。可是什么法子呢？……” “我想，你总会好起来……” “是么？但愿如此。可是我对先生诉了冤苦，又得你的同情和慰安，已经舒坦得不少了。可见天理没有灭绝……” 但是，不几日，他又不平起来了，仍然寻人去诉苦。 “先生！”他流着眼泪说，“你知道的。我住的简直比猪窠还不如。主人并不将我当人；他对他的叭儿狗还要好到几万倍……” “混帐！”那人大叫起来，使他吃惊了。那人是一个傻子。 “先生，我住的只是一间破小屋，又湿，又阴，满是臭虫，睡下去就咬得真可以。秽气冲着鼻子，四面又没有一个窗子……” “你不会要你的主人开一个窗的么？” “这怎么行？……” “那么，你带我去看去！” 傻子跟奴才到他屋外，动手就砸那泥墙。 “先生！你干什么？”他大惊地说。 “我给你打开一个窗洞来。” “这不行！主人要骂的！” “管他呢！”他仍然砸。 “人来呀！强盗在毁咱们的屋子了！快来呀！迟一点可要打出窟窿来了！……”他哭嚷着，在地上团团地打滚。 一群奴才都出来，将傻子赶走。 听到了喊声，慢慢地最后出来的是主人。 “有强盗要来毁咱们的屋子，我首先叫喊起来，大家一同把他赶走了。”他恭敬而得胜地说。 “你不错。”主人这样夸奖他。 这一天就来了许多慰问的人，聪明人也在内。 “先生。这回因为我有功，主人夸奖了我了。你先前说我总会好起来，实在是有先见之明……。”他大有希望似的高兴地说。 “可不是么……”聪明人也代为高兴似的回答他。     作品译文 The Wise Man, the Fool and the Slave Lu Xun What a slave did was just to look for someone to listen to his own grievances. That was the only thing he wanted to do and also the only thing he could do. One day he came across a wise man. “Sir!” said he sadly, tears trickling down from the corners of his eyes. “As you can see, I lead a subhuman life. I’m not even assured of a single meal a day. If I have one, it’s only a small bowl of kaoliang husks, which even a pig or dog would disdain to eat …” “What a wretched life you lead!” the wise man replied with pity. “Isn’t it?” the slave followed up with exaltation. “And I toil day and night without rest. I carry water at dawn and cook dinner at dusk. I run errands all morning and grind wheat at night. I wash the clothes when it’s fine and hold an umbrella for…

作品原文 鲁迅 《文学和出汗》 上海的教授对人讲文学，以为文学当描写永久不变的人性，否则便不久长。例如英国，莎士比亚和别的一两个人所写的是永久不变的人性，所以至今流传，其余的不这样，就都消灭了云。 这真是所谓“你不说我倒是还明白，你越说我越胡涂”了。英国有许多先前的文章不流传，我想，这是总会有的，但没有想到它们的消灭，乃因为不写永久不变的人性。现在既然知道了这一层，却更不解它们既已消灭，现在的教授何从看见，却居然断定它们所写的都不是永久的人性了。 只要流传的便是好文学，只要消灭的便是坏文学；抢得天下的便是王，抢不到天下的便是贼。莫非中国式的历史论，也将沟通了中国人的文学论欤？ 而且，人性是永久不变的么？ 类人猿，类猿人，原人，古人，今人，未来的人，……如果生物真的会进化，人性就不能永久不变。不说类人猿，就是原人的脾气，我们大约就很难猜得着的，则我们的脾气，恐怕未来的人也未必会明白。要写永久不变的人性，实在难哪。 譬如出汗罢，我想，似乎与古有之，于今也有，将来一定暂时也还有，该可以算得较为“永久不变的人性”了。然而“弱不禁风”的小姐出的是香汗，“蠢笨如牛”的工人出的是臭汗。不知道倘要做长留世上文字，要充长留世上的文学家，是描写香汗如呢，还是描写臭汗好？这问题倘不先行解决，则在将来的文学史上的位置，委是“岌岌乎殆哉”。 听说，例如英国，那小说，先前大抵写给太太小姐们看的，其中自然的香汗多；到十九世纪后半，受了俄国文学的影响，就很有些臭汗气了。那一种的命长，现在似乎还在不可知之数。 在中国，从道士听论道，从批评家听谈文，都令人毛孔痉挛，汗不敢出。然而这也许倒是中国的“永久不变的人性”罢。     作品译文 Literature and Perspiration Lu Xun A Shanghai professor lecturing on literature states that literature should describe the eternal human qualities, otherwise it will not live. For example, in England Shakespeare and a few others wrote about the eternal human qualities, hence they are still read today; other writers failed to do this, and their work perished. This is true a case of: “The more you explain the more confused I grow.” I am sure it is possible that many earlier English works of literature have been lost, but I never knew that they perished because they failed to describe the eternal human qualities. Now that I know this, I am at a loss to understand where this professor saw these works, since they have perished, so that he can be sure that none of them described the eternal human qualities. What has lasted is good literature, what has perished is bad literature. If you seize a country you are king, if you fail you are a bandit. Don’t tell me the Chinese theory of history is going to be applied to the Chinese theory of literature！…