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Yu Guangzhong’s Essay: Summer in Western Europe – modern chinese literature 余光中《西欧的夏天》
Summer in Western Europe "is a prose by Yu Guangzhong, mainly describing his experiences and feelings during his travels to various countries in Western Europe. The article showcases the climate, culture, and customs of various regions in Western Europe through delicate brushstrokes, while also expressing insights into travel and reflections on life. 西欧的夏天 ◎ 余光中 旅客似乎是十分轻松的人,实际上却相当辛苦(1)。旅客不用上班(2),却必须受时间的约束;爱做什么就做什么,却必须受钱包的限制(3);爱去哪里就去哪里,却必须把几件行李蜗牛壳一般(4)带在身上。旅客最可怕的噩梦,是钱和证件一起遗失,沦为来历不明的乞丐(5)。旅客最难把握的东西,便是气候。 我现在就是这样的旅客。从西班牙南端一直旅行到英国的北端,我经历了各样的气候,已经到了寒暑不侵的境界(6)。此刻我正坐在中世纪古堡改装的旅馆(7)里,为读者写稿,刚刚黎明,湿灰灰的云下是苏格兰中部荒莽的林木,林外是隐隐的青山。晓寒袭人,我坐在厚达尺许的石墙里,穿了一件毛衣,如果要走下回旋长梯像走下古堡之肠,去坡下的野径(8)漫步寻幽(9),还得披上一件够厚的外套。 从台湾的定义讲来,西欧几乎没有夏天。昼蝉夜蛙,汗流浃背,是台湾的夏天。在西欧的大城,例如巴黎和伦敦,7月中旬走在阳光下,只觉得温暖舒适,并不出汗。西欧的旅馆和汽车,例皆不备冷气(10),因为就算天热,也是几天就过去了,值不得为避暑费事。我在西班牙、法国、英国等地租车长途旅行,其车均无冷气,只能扇风。 巴黎的所谓夏天,像是台北的深夜,早晚上街,凉风袭肘,一件毛衣还不足御寒。如果你走塞纳河边,风力加上水气,更需要一件风衣才行。下午日暖,单衣便够,可是一走到楼影或树阴里,便嫌单衣太薄。地面如此,地下却又不同。巴黎的地车比纽约、伦敦、马德里的都好,却相当闷热,令人穿不住毛衣。所以地上地下,穿穿脱脱,也颇麻烦(11)。7月在巴黎的街上,行人的衣装,从少女的背心短裤到老妪的厚大衣,四季都有。7月在巴黎,几乎天天都是晴天,有时一连数日碧空无云,入夜后天也不黑下来,只变得深洞洞的暗蓝。巴黎附近无山,城中少见高楼,城北的蒙马特也只是一个矮丘,太阳要到九点半才落到地平线上,更显得昼长夜短,有用不完的下午。不过晴天也会突来霹雳:7月14日法国国庆那天上午,密特朗总统在香热里榭大道(12)主持阅兵盛典,就忽来一阵大雨,淋得总统和军乐队狼狈不堪。电视的观众看得见雨气之中,乐队长的指挥杖竟失手落地,连忙俯身拾起。 法国北部及中部地势平坦,一望无际,气候却有变化。巴黎北行一小时至卢昂,就觉得冷些;西南行二小时至罗瓦河中流,气候就暖得多,下午竟颇燠热,不过入夜就凉下来,星月异常皎洁。 再往南行入西班牙,气候就变得干暖。马德里在高台地的中央,七月的午间并不闷热,入夜甚至得穿毛衣。我在南部安达露西亚地区及阳光海岸(Costa del Sol)开车,一路又干又热,枯黄的草原,干燥的石堆,大地像一块烙饼,摊在酷蓝的天穹之下,路旁的草丛常因干燥而起火,势颇惊人。可是那是干热,并不令人出汗,和台湾的湿闷不同。 英国则趋于另一极端,显得阴湿,气温也低。我在伦敦的河堤区住了三天,一直是阴天,下着间歇的毛毛雨。即使破晓时露一下朝暾,早餐后天色就阴沉下来了。与我存走过滑铁卢桥,7月的河风吹来,水气阴阴,令人打一个寒噤,把毛的翻领拉起。我们开车北行,一路上经过塔尖如梦的牛津,城楼似幻的勒德洛(Ludlow),古桥野渡的蔡斯特(Chester),雨云始终罩在车顶,雨点在车窗上也未干过。进入步布瑞亚的湖区(13)之后,遍地江湖,满空云雨,偶见天边绽出一角薄蓝,立刻便有更多的灰云挟雨遮掩过来。真要怪华兹华斯(14)的诗魂小气,不肯让我一窥他诗中的晴美湖光。在我一夕投宿的鹰头(Hawkshead)(15)小店栈楼窗望出去,沿湖一带,树树含雨,山山带云,很想告诉格拉斯米教堂墓地里的诗翁,我国古代有一片云梦大泽,也出过一位水气逼人的诗宗。 Summer in Western Europe ◎ Yu Guangzhong Light-hearted as he seems,a traveler is in fact under great stress.Though on vacation,he is nevertheless subject to the restraint of time.He can do whatever he likes on the trip,but he has to keep the expenditure within the limits of his pocket.Wherever he goes,he has to take with him his cumbersome hand luggage.He faces the most horrible possibility of losing his money and credentials,which will reduce himself to a pauper of unknown background.And,besides,he can never be sure of the weather. That's what I'm like now.I've traveled all the way from the southern tip of Spain to the northern tip of England,experiencing a variety of climates until I've become apathetic to the elements.I'm now sitting in a medieval castle turned hotel,writing an article for my readers.The day is just dawning.In Central… -
Thus Friends Absent Speak by Yu Guangzhong
作品原文 余光中 《七律·尺素寸心》 接读朋友的来信,尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风云的航空信,确是人生一大快事,如果无须回信的话。回信,是读信之乐的一大代价。久不回信,屡不回信,接信之乐必然就相对减少,以致于无,这时,友情便暂告中断了,直到有一天在赎罪的心情下,你毅然回起信来。蹉跎了这么久,接信之乐早变成欠信之苦,我便是这么一位屡犯的罪人,交游千百,几乎每一位朋友都数得出我的前科来的。英国诗人奥登曾说,他常常搁下重要的信件不回,躲在家里看他的侦探小说。王尔德有一次对韩黎说:“我认得不少人,满怀光明的远景来到伦敦,但是几个月后就整个崩溃了,因为他们有回信的习惯。”显然王尔德认为,要过好日子,就得戒除回信的恶习。可见怕回信的人,原不止我一个。 回信,固然可畏,不回信,也绝非什么乐事。书架上经常叠着百多封未回之信,“债龄”或长或短,长的甚至在一年以上,那样的压力,也绝非一个普通的罪徒所能负担的。一叠未回的信,就像一群不散的阴魂,在我罪深孽重的心底憧憧作崇。理论上说来,这些信当然是要回的。我可以坦然向天发誓,在我清醒的时刻,我绝未存心不回人信。问题出在技术上。给我一整个夏夜的空闲,我该先回一年半前的那封信呢,还是7个月前的这封?隔了这么久,恐怕连谢罪自谴的有效期也早过了吧?在朋友的心目中,你早已沦为不值得计较的妄人。“莫名其妙!”是你在江湖上一致的评语。 其实,即使终于鼓起全部的道德勇气,坐在桌前,准备偿付信债于万一,也不是轻易能如愿的。七零八落的新简旧信,漫无规则地充塞在书架上、抽屉里,有的回过,有的未回,“只在此山中,云深不知处”,要找到你决心要回的那一封,耗费的时间和精力,往往数倍于回信本身。再想象朋友接信时的表情,不是喜出望外,而是余怒重炽,你那一点决心就整个崩溃了。你的债,永无清偿之日。不回信,绝不等于忘了朋友,正如世上绝无忘了债主的负债人。在你惶恐的深处,恶魇的尽头,隐隐约约,永远潜伏着这位朋友的怒眉和冷眼。不,你永远忘不了他。你真正忘掉的,而且忘得那么心安理得的,是那些已经得你回信的朋友。 英文译文 Thus Friends Absent Speak By Yu Guangzhong To get letters from friends, especially airmail letters fromoverseas that bear the stamp of exotic climes, is unquestionably one of life'sgreatest pleasures, provided, that is, that they do not call for a reply.Answering letters is a heavy price to pay for the enjoyment of reading letters.The inevitable consequence of tardiness or infrequency in answering letters isa corresponding reductioning, and ultimate cessation of, the pleasure ofreceiving letters, in which case friendship is prematurely broken off, untilthe day in sackcloth and ashes you summon up the willpower to put pen to paperagain. Through this dilly-dallying the pleasure of receiving letters has turnedto the misery of owing letters. I am an old lag in this respect: practicallyevery one of the friends I have made in my comings and goings can recite frommy crime sheet. W. H. Auden once admitted that he was in the habit of shelvingimportant letters, preferring instead to curl up with a detective novel; whileOscar Wilde remarked to Henley: “I have known men come to London full of brightprospects and seen them complete wrecks in a few months through a habit ofanswering letters.” Clearly Wilde's view… -
Prayer by Yu Guangzhong ~ 余光中 《祈祷》 with English Translations
作品原文 余光中 《祈祷》 请在我的发上留下一吻, 我就不用戴虚荣的桂冠。 请在我的手上留下一吻, 我就不用戴灿烂的指环。 请在我眼上轻轻地一吻, 吻干我眼中寂寞的清泪。 请在我胸上轻轻地一吻, 吻消我胸中的不平的块垒。 在这寒星颤抖的深夜, 我多么苦盼你的暖嘴; 能盖在我冰凉的唇上, 使我不再唱人世的伤悲。 英文译文 Prayer Yu Guangzhong Please leave a kiss on my head, I need not be crowned with a laurel vain; Please leave a kiss on my hand, I need not wear a diamond ring. Please kiss me gently over my eyes, To dry up the lonely tears here; Please kiss me gently on my breast, To remove the sad lumps there. Deep at night shivering with chilly stars, How I am dying for your warm mouth To cover my icy lips with your kisses! Never shall I sing the sorrows of this earth. -
If a War is Raging Afar by Yu Guangzhong ~ 余光中 《如果远方有战争》 with English Translations
作品原文 余光中 《如果远方有战争》 如果远方有战争,我应该掩耳 或是坐起来,惭愧地倾听? 应该掩鼻,或该深呼吸 难闻的焦味?我的耳朵应该 听你喘息的爱情或是榴弹 宣扬真理?格言,勳章,补给 能不能喂饱无餍的死亡? 如果有战争煎一个民族,在远方 有战车狠狠犁过春泥 有婴孩在号啕,向母亲的屍体 号啕一个盲哑的明天 如果一个尼姑在火葬自己 寡欲的脂肪炙响一个绝望 烧曲的四肢抱住涅盤 为了一种无效的手势。 如果我们在床上,他们在战场 在铁丝网上播种著和平 我应该惶恐,或是该庆幸 庆幸是做爱,不是肉搏 是你的裸体在臂中,不是敌人 如果远方有战争,而我们在远方 你是慈悲的天使,白羽无疵 你俯身在病床,看我在床上 缺手,缺脚,缺眼,缺乏性别 在一所血腥的战地医院 如果远方有战争啊这样的战争 情人,如果我们在远方 英文译文 If a War is Raging Afar Yu Guangzhong If a war is raging afar, shall I stop my ears Or shall I sit up and listen in shame? Shall I stop my nose or breathe and breathe The smothering smoke of troubled air? Shall I hear You gasp lust and love or shall I hear the howitzers Howl their sermons of truth? Mottos, medals, widows, Can these glut the greedy palate of Death? If far away a war is frying a nation And fleets of tanks are ploughing plots in spring, A child is crying by its mother’s corpse Of a dumb and blind and deaf tomorrow; If a nun is squatting on her fiery bier With famished flesh singeing a despair And black limbs ecstatic round Nirvana As a hopeless gesture of hope. If We are in bed, and they’re in the field Sowing peace in acres of barbed wire, Shall I feel guilty or shall I feel glad, Glad that I’m making not war but love, And… -
Green Bristlegrass by Yu Guangzhong ~ 余光中 《狗尾草》 with English Translations
作品原文 余光中 《狗尾草》 总之最后谁也辩不过坟墓 死亡,是唯一的永久地址 譬如吊客散后,殡仪馆的后门 朝南,又怎样? 朝北,又怎样? 那柩车总显出要远行的样子 总之谁也拗不过这桩事情 至于不朽云云 或者仅仅是一种暗语,为了夜行 灵,或者不灵,相信,或者不相信 最后呢谁也不比狗尾草更高 除非名字上升,象星象去看齐 去参加里而克或者李白 此外 一切都留在草下 名字归名字,骷髅归骷髅 星归星,蚯蚓归蚯蚓 夜空下,如果有谁呼唤 上面,有一种光 下面,有一只蟋蟀 隐隐象要回答 英文译文 Green Bristlegrass Yu Guangzhong Who, after all, can argue with the grave When death is the only permanent address? When all the condolers have left, What if the undertaker’s back door Faces the south or the north? The coach looks always ready for exile, And nonce can dissuade it from the trip. So-called immortality May prove nothing but an empty password For whoever must travel at night, Even if it works and convinces. None ends up taller than the bristlgrass Unless his name soars to the stars To join Li Bai or Rilke while the rest Is left behind beneath the grass. Keep names to names, dust to dust, Stars to stars, earthworms to earthworms. If a voice calls under the night sky, Who, indeed, is going to answer Except a glimmer from above Or a cricket from below? -
Nostalgia by Yu Guangzhong ~ 余光中 《乡愁》 with English Translations
作品原文 余光中 《乡愁》 小时候 乡愁是一枚小小的邮票 我在这头 母亲在那头 长大后 乡愁是一张窄窄的船票 我在这头 新娘在那头 后来啊 乡愁是一方矮矮的坟墓 我在外头 母亲在里头 而现在 乡愁是一湾浅浅的海峡 我在这头 大陆在那头 英文译文 Nostalgia Yu Guangzhong When I was young, Nostalgia was a tiny stamp, Me on this side, Mother on the other side. When I grew up, Nostalgia was a narrow boat ticket, Me on this side, Bride on the other side. But later on, Nostalgia was a low, low grave, Me on the outside, Mother on the inside. And at present, Nostalgia becomes a shallow strait, Me on this side, Mainland on the other side. -
The Crystal Prison —On a Watch by Yu Guangzhong ~ 余光中 《水晶牢》 with English Translations
作品原文 余光中 《水晶牢》 放下镜下仿佛才数得清的一群 要用细钳子钳来钳去的 最殷勤最敏捷的小奴隶 是哪个恶作剧的坏精灵 从什么地方拐来的,用什么诡计 拐到这玲珑的水晶牢里? 钢圆门依回纹一旋上,滴水不透 日夜不休,按一个紧密的节奏 推吧,绕一个静寂的中心 推动所有的金磨子成一座磨坊 流过世纪磨成了岁月 流过岁月磨成了时辰 流过时辰磨成了分秒 涓涓滴滴,从号称不透水的闸门 偷偷地漏去。这是世界上 最乖小的工厂,滴滴复答答 永不歇工,你不相信吗? 贴你的耳朵吧,悄悄,在腕上 听水晶牢里众奴在歌唱 应着齿轮和齿轮对齿 切切嚼时间单调的机声 众奴的合唱,你问,是欢喜或悲哀? 欢喜和悲哀是你的,你自己去咀嚼 悲哀的慢板和欢喜的快调 犀利的金磨子,你听,无所谓悲哀 不悲哀,纵整条河流就这样流去 从你的晚上。轻轻,贴你的耳朵 听两种律动日夜在赛跑 热血的脉搏对冷钢的脉搏 热血更快些,七十步对六十 最初是新血的一百四领先 童贞的兔子遥遥在前面 但钢的节奏俞追俞接近 贴你的耳朵在腕上,细心地听 哪一种脉搏在敲奏你生命? 英文译文 The Crystal Prison —On a Watch Yu Guangzhong Uncountable unless under a magnifying glass, Handled with care by tweezers only, Such dutiful and skillful little slaves: By what mischievous sprites, from where, And with what tricks, were you kidnapped To this curious device of a crystal prison? Shut behind the round steel gate, waterproof, Day and night, to a pressing beat, push Around the center of quietude, Push all the golden wheels of a mill That grinds the heartless flow of centuries Into years and months, days and hours, And hours into fine flour of minutes, Of minutes and moments and seconds. So out it drips stealthily, through the gate Called “waterproof.” This is the tiniest Factory, that, tick-tock-tick, knows no rest. If you doubt it, gently press your ear Down to your wrist and closely listen To the slaves' songs in the crystal prison, Time's ever-chewing, gnawing monotone When wheels meet wheels, teeth fitting zigzag teeth. Are the prison songs,… -
The Pearl Necklace by Yu Guangzhong ~ 余光中 《珍珠项链》 with English Translations
作品原文 余光中 《珍珠项链》 滚散在回忆的每一个角落, 半辈子多珍贵的日子, 以为再也拾不拢来的了, 却被那珠宝店的女孩子, 用一只蓝磁的盘子, 带笑地托来我面前,问道: 十八寸的这一条,合不合意? 就这么,三十年的岁月成串了。 一年还不到一寸,好贵的时光啊! 每一粒都含着银灰的晶莹, 温润而圆满,就像有幸 跟你同享的每一个日子。 每一粒,晴天的露珠; 每一粒,阴天的雨珠; 分手的日子,每一粒 牵挂在心头的念珠。 串成有始有终的这一条项链, 依依地靠在你心口。 全凭这贯穿日月, 十八寸长的一线因缘。 英文译文 The Pearl Necklace Yu Guangzhong Rolled away in the recesses of memory, The precious years that we had shared, Never expected to be recovered, Were displayed on a blue porcelain plate by the salesgirl of the jewelry shop, Who came up to us and, smiling, asked: “Would this one of eighteen inches do?” So thirty years were strung along: Dear years, where a year spanned hardly an inch, Where each pearl, silver and shimmering, Warm and full, was calling back A treasured day we spent together: Each pearl a fine day dewdrop, Or on a wet day a raindrop, Or a bead in a rosary told And retold on days of mutual longing. So the thread goes all the way Through the sun and the moon, around your neck, And in eighteen inches through our joint life. -
Summer in Western Europe by Yu Guangzhong ~ 余光中 《西欧的夏天》 with English Translations
作品原文 余光中 《西欧的夏天》 旅客似乎是十分轻松的人,实际上却相当辛苦。旅客不用上班,却必须受时间的约束;爱做什么就做什么,却必须受钱包的限制;爱去哪里就去哪里,却必须把几件行李蜗牛壳一般带在身上。旅客最可怕的噩梦,是钱和证件一起遗失,沦为来历不明的乞丐。旅客最难把握的东西,便是气候。 我现在就是这样的旅客。从西班牙南端一直旅行到英国的北端,我经历了各样的气候,已经到了寒暑不侵的境界。此刻我正坐在中世纪古堡改装的旅馆里,为读者写稿,刚刚黎明,湿灰灰的云下是苏格兰中部荒莽的林木,林外是隐隐的青山。晓寒袭人,我坐在厚达尺许的石墙里,穿了一件毛衣,如果要走下回旋长梯像走下古堡之肠,去坡下的野径漫步寻幽,还得披上一件够厚的外套。 从台湾的定义讲来,西欧几乎没有夏天。昼蝉夜蛙,汗流浃背,是台湾的夏天。在西欧的大城,例如巴黎和伦敦,7月中旬走在阳光下,只觉得温暧舒适,并不出汗。西欧的旅馆和汽车,例皆不备冷气,因为就算天热,也是几天就过去了,值不得为避暑费事。我在西班牙、法国、英国等地租车长途旅行,其车均无冷气,只能扇风。 巴黎的所谓夏天,像是台北的深夜,早晚上街,凉风袭肘,一件毛衣还不足御寒。如果你走塞纳河边,风力加上水气,更需要一件风衣才行。下午日暖,单衣便够,可是一走到楼影或树阴里,便嫌单衣太薄。地面如此,地下却又不同。巴黎的地车比纽约、伦敦、马德里的都好,却相当闷热,令人穿不住毛衣。所以地上地下,穿穿脱脱,也颇麻烦。7月在巴黎的街上,行人的衣装,从少女的背心短裤到老妪的厚大衣,四季都有。7月在巴黎,几乎天天都是晴天,有时一连数日碧空无云,入夜后天也不黑下来,只变得深洞洞的暗蓝。巴黎附近无山,城中少见高楼,城北的蒙马特也只是一个矮丘,太阳要到九点半才落到地平线上,更显得昼长夜短,有用不完的下午。不过晴天也会突来霹雳:7月14日法国国庆那天上午,密特朗总统在香热里榭大道主持阅兵盛典,就忽来一阵大雨,淋得总统和军乐队狼狈不堪。电视的观众看得见雨气之中,乐队长的指挥杖竟失手落地,连忙俯身拾起。 法国北部及中部地势平坦,一望无际,气候却有变化。巴黎北行一小时至卢昂,就觉得冷些;西南行二小时至罗瓦河中流,气候就暖得多,下午竟颇燠热,不过入夜就凉下来,星月异常皎洁。 再往南行入西班牙,气候就变得干暖。马德里在高台地的中央,七月的午间并不闷热,入夜甚至得穿毛衣。我在南部安达露西亚地区及阳光海岸(Costa del Sol)开车,一路又干又热,枯黄的草原,干燥的石堆,大地像一块烙饼,摊在酷蓝的天穹之下,路旁的草丛常因干燥而起火,势颇惊人。可是那是干热,并不令人出汗,和台湾的湿闷不同。 英国则趋于另一极端,显得阴湿,气温也低。我在伦敦的河堤区住了三天,一直是阴天,下着间歇的毛毛雨。即使破晓时露一下朝暾,早餐后天色就阴沉下来了。与我存走过滑铁卢桥,7月的河风吹来,水气阴阴,令人打一个寒噤,把毛的翻领拉起。我们开车北行,一路上经过塔尖如梦的牛津,城楼似幻的勒德洛(Ludlow),古桥野渡的蔡斯特(Chester),雨云始终罩在车顶,雨点在车窗上也未干过。进入步布瑞亚的湖区之后,遍地江湖,满空云雨,偶见天边绽出一角薄蓝,立刻便有更多的灰云挟雨遮掩过来。真要怪华兹华斯的诗魂小气,不肯让我一窥他诗中的晴美湖光。在我一夕投宿的鹰头(Hawkshead)小店栈楼窗望出去,沿湖一带,树树含雨,山山带云,很想告诉格拉斯米教堂墓地里的诗翁,我国古代有一片云梦大泽,也出过一位水气逼人的诗宗。 英文译文 Summer in Western Europe Yu Guangzhong Light-hearted as he seems,a traveler is in fact under great stress. Though on vacation, he is nevertheless subject to the restraint of time. He can do whatever he likes on the trip, but he has to keep the expenditure within the limits of his pocket. Wherever he goes, he has to take with him his cumbersome hand luggage. He faces the most horrible possibility of losing his money and credentials, which will reduce himself to a pauper of unknown background. And, besides, he can never be sure of the weather. That’s what I’m like now. I’ve traveled all the way from the southern tip of Spain to the northern tip of England, experiencing a variety of climates until I’ve become apathetic to the elements. I’m now sitting in a medieval castle turned hotel, writing an article for my readers. The day is just dawning. In Central Scotland, there lies under the gray wet clouds a wild wooded region, beyond which a green mountain stands faintly visible. In the chilly air of the early morning, I have to be dressed…
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