崔琰是三国时代一位非常值得敬重的名士，曹操对他的一身正气都颇有忌惮，而崔琰却因为一封信被曹操冤杀。
杨修则是出身名门，博学多才，多次在曹操面前展示聪明才智，却因一个莫名其妙的罪名被曹操所杀。
那么曹操为什么要杀崔琰和杨修呢？他们究竟触动了曹操哪根敏感的神经？敬请关注《易中天品三国》之——命案真相。
从前面两集讲到的荀彧之死和孔融之死可以看出，曹操决不允许别人在政治上和他作对，尤其是不能允许公开作对。但是，在此之后，曹操又杀死了不曾与他作对的崔琰和杨修，这更是为曹操留下了“无端杀人”的千古罪名。
崔琰是三国时代一位非常值得敬重的名士，他的德行操守令曹操都非常敬重，却因一封信被曹操冤杀，连《三国志》的作者陈寿都为崔琰喊冤。而杀死聪明的杨修，更是为曹操留下了“妒才”的坏名声。那么曹操为什么要杀崔琰，又为什么要杀杨修呢？崔琰、杨修被杀的背后究竟隐藏了曹操什么不可告人的秘密呢？厦门大学易中天教授做客《百家讲坛》，为您精彩品三国之“命案真相”。
Cui Yan was a very respectable celebrity during the Three Kingdoms period, and Cao Cao was quite afraid of his integrity. However, Cui Yan was wrongly killed by Cao Cao because of a letter.
Yang Xiu was born in a famous family and was knowledgeable and versatile. He repeatedly displayed his intelligence in front of Cao Cao, but was killed by Cao Cao for an inexplicable crime.
So why did Cao Cao kill Cui Yan and Yang Xiu? What sensitive nerve did they touch Cao Cao? Please pay attention to the truth of the murder case in “Yi Zhong Tian Pin Three Kingdoms”.
From the deaths of Xun Yu and Kong Rong mentioned in the previous two episodes, it can be seen that Cao Cao never allowed others to oppose him politically, especially in public. However, after that, Cao Cao killed Cui Yan and Yang Xiu, who had never opposed him, which left Cao Cao with the eternal charge of “unprovoked murder.”.
Cui Yan was a very respectable celebrity in the Three Kingdoms era, and his moral integrity was highly respected by Cao Cao. However, he was wrongly killed by Cao Cao due to a letter, and even Chen Shou, the author of “The Annals of the Three Kingdoms,” cried out for Cui Yan. And killing the clever Yang Xiu left Cao Cao with a bad reputation for being jealous of talent. So why did Cao Cao kill Cui Yan and Yang Xiu? What hidden secret did Cao Cao have behind the killing of Cui Yan and Yang Xiu? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is a guest at “Hundred Lectures”, presenting you with a wonderful tasting of the “truth of the murder case” of the Three Kingdoms.
易中天：
崔琰的死，是当时的一个大冤案，而且是公认的冤案，没有疑问的冤案。我们知道，孔融是被曹操杀掉的，陈寿作《三国志》的时候就不敢给孔融作传。但是陈寿的《三国志》是给崔琰做了传的，而且就在《崔琰传》里面说，崔琰的死“最为世所痛惜，至今冤之”。那么这句话的意思就是说，崔琰的死但是就有人认为是冤案，而且一直到陈寿作《三国志》的时候，大家还认为是冤案，是冤枉的。
那么崔琰的死为什么是冤案？那我们就要讲两个问题：第一，崔琰是一个什么样的人；第二，崔琰是怎么死的。
Yi Zhongtian:
The death of Cui Yan was a major injustice at that time, and it was recognized as a injustice, without any doubt. As we know, Kong Rong was killed by Cao Cao. When Chen Shou wrote “The Records of the Three Kingdoms”, he dared not write a biography to Kong Rong. However, Chen Shou’s “Three Kingdoms Annals” was handed down to Cui Yan, and it was stated in the “Biography of Cui Yan” that Cui Yan’s death was “most deplored by the world and has been wronged to this day.”. The meaning of this sentence is that the death of Cui Yan was considered a miscarriage by some people, and until Chen Shou wrote “The Three Kingdoms”, everyone still considered it a miscarriage and a miscarriage.
So why is Cui Yan’s death a miscarriage? Then we will talk about two questions: first, what kind of person Cui Yan is; Secondly, how did Cui Yan die.
崔琰是一个什么样的人呢？我的评价是十六个字——“文武全才、朝廷重臣、正人君子、德高望重”。崔琰是当时非常有名的一位士人，小时候他是学剑的，学剑术、学击剑，剑术很好，后来才开始读书。这个人很聪明啊，他一读书就读得非常好，就成了当时的经学大师郑玄的弟子。所以他是文武全才，他起先是追随袁绍的，后来崔琰就跟了曹操，一直是曹操手下重要的谋士和帮手。
What kind of person is Cui Yan? My evaluation is in 16 words – “Literal and military integrity, important officials of the court, a righteous man, and high moral standing.”. Cui Yan was a very famous scholar at that time. When he was young, he studied swordsmanship and fencing. He was very good at swordsmanship, and only later did he start studying. This person is very intelligent. As soon as he studied very well, he became a disciple of Zheng Xuan, the then master of classics. Therefore, he is a versatile scholar and martial artist. At first, he followed Yuan Shao, and later, Cui Yan followed Cao Cao. He has always been an important counselor and helper under Cao Cao Cao.
建安十三年，曹操恢复了丞相制度。汉代的政治制度是丞相可以开府，就是建立自己的办公机构。当时的说法就是，皇帝的居住和办公机构叫做宫，皇宫，丞相的居住和办公机构叫做府，叫做相府，我们去读诸葛亮的《出师表》，他说“宫中府中俱为一体”，就是这个意思。那么曹操做了丞相他就可以开府，丞相府下面有两个机构，一个叫东曹，一个叫西曹，东曹和西曹是什么意思呢？就相当于我们现在的组织部，负责选拔干部的。崔琰是第一组织部的部长他也当过，第二组织部的部长他也当过，那么崔琰担任这样一个重要职务的时候选拔了很多的人才，当时的说法叫做“文武群才，多所明拔”。
In the 13th year of Jian’an, Cao Cao restored the prime minister system. The political system of the Han Dynasty was that prime ministers could open their own offices, that is, establish their own offices. The saying at that time was that the emperor’s residence and office were called the palace, the imperial palace, and the prime minister’s residence and office were called the mansion, which was called the prime minister’s mansion. Let’s read Zhuge Liang’s “Graduation Table.” He said that “the palace and the palace are all integrated,” which is what he meant. So when Cao Cao becomes prime minister, he can open the government. Under the prime minister’s office, there are two institutions, one called Dongcao and the other called Xicao. What do you mean by Dongcao and Xicao? It is equivalent to our current Organization Department, which is responsible for selecting cadres. Cui Yan was the minister of the First Organization Department and the Second Organization Department. So when Cui Yan held such an important position, he selected a lot of talents. At that time, it was said that “talents in both civil and military fields were highly skilled, and many were highly skilled.”.
而且崔琰在选拔这些干部的时候完全是出于公心，唯才是举，而且要求德才兼备，一直受到朝廷上下的一片称赞。而曹操也明确地表示，崔琰这个人作风非常正派，他本身就是一个表率，他可以使贪婪的人变得清廉，使勇敢的人更加激励，是这样的一个人。
第四点，崔琰德高望重。崔琰一表人才，我们前面也讲过，曹操担任魏王以后，接见匈奴使者，自惭形秽，觉得自己个子又矮，长相又不咋的，不足以雄远国，请崔琰穿上魏王的服装，接待这个匈奴的使节。一表人才，身材高大，声音洪亮，而且还一身正气。这个人一旦一身正气了以后，他就是堂堂正正的。所以曹操见了他都有三分敬畏，《三国志?崔琰传》的说法是：“太祖亦敬惮焉”，就是曹操见了崔琰是又尊敬还有点害怕。崔琰是这样的一个人，但是就这样的一个人，最后还是被曹操杀了，不但被曹操杀害，而且完全是诬杀。
Moreover, when selecting these cadres, Cui Yan was entirely motivated by public interest and was meritocratic. He also required both moral integrity and talent, and has been praised by the imperial court. Cao Cao also clearly stated that Cui Yan’s style of work was very decent, and he was an example in himself. He could make greedy people clean and inspire brave people even more. He was such a person.
Fourth, Cui Yande has high expectations. Cui Yan is a talented person. As we mentioned earlier, after Cao Cao served as the King of Wei, he received the envoy of the Xiongnu and felt ashamed of himself. He felt that he was short and not very handsome, and was not enough to be a powerful country. He asked Cui Yan to wear the clothes of the King of Wei and receive the envoy of the Xiongnu. He is a talented person with a tall figure, a loud voice, and a sense of integrity. Once this person is upright, he is upright. So when Cao Cao saw him, he had three points of awe. According to “The Three Kingdoms? The Biography of Cui Yan”, “The Taizu also respected and feared.” That is, when Cao Cao saw Cui Yan, he respected and was a bit afraid. Cui Yan was such a person, but such a person was ultimately killed by Cao Cao, not only by Cao Cao, but also by a completely false accusation.
