Category: Chinese literature

小编导读：《国风·邶风·静女》是周代著名文学作品《诗经》中的诗歌。此诗写青年男女的幽会，表现了男子对恋人温柔娴静的称赞以及对她的深深情意，体现出年轻男女之间纯美爱情的美好。全诗充满了幽默和健康快乐的情绪，尤其是对于青年人恋爱的心理描写惟妙惟肖。

《诗经–国风·邶风·静女》

静女其姝，
俟我于城隅。
爱而不见，
搔首踟蹰。

静女其娈，
贻我彤管。
彤管有炜，
说怿女美。

自牧归荑，
洵美且异。
匪女之为美，
美人之贻。

A Shepherdess

A maiden mute and tall
Trysts me at corner wall.
I can find her nowhere,
Perplexed, I scratch my hair.

The maiden fair and mute
Gives me a grass-made lute.
The lute makes rosy light
And brings me high delight.

Coming back from the mead,
She gives me a rare reed,
Lovely not for it’s rare,
It’s the gift of the fair.

小编导读：《国风·召南·野有死麇》是周代著名文学作品《诗经》中的诗歌。全诗三段，前两段以叙事者的口吻旁白描绘男女之情，朴实率真；后一段全录女子偷情时的言语，活脱生动。侧面表现了男子的情炽热烈和女子的含羞慎微。转变叙事角度的描写手法使整首诗情景交融，正面侧面相互掩映，含蓄诱人，赞美了男女之间自然、纯真的爱情。

《诗经–国风·召南·野有死麇》

野有死麇，
白茅包之。
有女怀春，
吉士诱之。

林有朴樕，
野有死鹿。
白茅纯束，
有女如玉。

舒而脱脱兮!
无感我帨兮!
无使尨也吠!

A Jadelike Maiden

An antelope is slain,
Wrapped in white on the plain.
A maiden for love would long,
Tempted by a hunter strong.

He cuts wood on the plain;
Another deer is slain.
He sees the white-dressed maid,
As beautiful as jade.

Oh, soft and slow, sweetheart!
Don’t tear my sash apart!
The jadelike maid says, Hark!
Do not let the dog bark!

小编导读：《国风·卫风·氓》是周代著名文学作品《诗经》中的诗歌。这是一首弃妇自诉婚姻悲剧的长诗。诗中的女主人公以无比沉痛的口气，回忆了恋爱生活的甜蜜，以及婚后被丈夫虐待和遗弃的痛苦。全诗六章，第一章，追叙自己由初恋而定的婚；第二章，叙述自己陷入情网，冲破了媒妁之言的桎梏而与氓结婚；第三章，她对一群年青貌美的天真少女，现身说法地规劝她们不要沉醉于爱情，并指出男女不平等的现象；第四章，对氓的负心表示怨恨，她指出，这不是女人的差错，而是氓的反复无常；第五章，接着追叙，叙述她婚后的操劳、被虐和兄弟的讥笑而自伤不幸；第六章，叙述幼年彼此的友爱和今日的乖离，斥责氓的虚伪和欺骗，坚决表示和氓在感情上一刀两断。此诗通过弃妇的自述，表达了她悔恨的心情与决绝的态度，深刻地反映了古代社会妇女在恋爱婚姻问题上倍受压迫和摧残的情况。

《诗经–国风·卫风·氓》

氓之蚩蚩，抱布贸丝。
匪来贸丝，来即我谋。
送子涉淇，至于顿丘。
匪我愆期，子无良媒。
将子无怒，秋以为期。
　　
乘彼垝垣，以望复关。
不见复关，泣涕涟涟。
既见复关，载笑载言。
尔卜尔筮，体无咎言。
以尔车来，以我贿迁。

桑之未落，其叶沃若。
于嗟鸠兮，无食桑葚！
于嗟女兮，无与士耽！
士之耽兮，犹可说也；
女之耽兮，不可说也。
　　
桑之落矣，其黄而陨。
自我徂尔，三岁食贫。
淇水汤汤，渐车帷裳。
女也不爽，士贰其行。
士也罔极，二三其德！
　　
三岁为妇，靡室劳矣。
夙兴夜寐，靡有朝矣！
言既遂矣，至于暴矣。
兄弟不知，咥其笑矣。
静言思之，躬自悼矣！
　　
及尔偕老，老使我怨。
淇则有岸，隰则有泮。
总角之宴，言笑晏晏。
信誓旦旦，不思其反。
反是不思，亦已焉哉！

A Simple Fellow

A simple fellow, all smiles,
Brought cloth to exchange for thread,
Not in truth to buy thread
But to arrange about me.
I saw you across the Qi
As far as Dunqiu;
It was not I who wanted to put it off,
But you did not have a proper matchmaker.
I begged you not to be angry
And fixed autumn as the time.

I climbed the city wall
To watch for your return to the pass;
And when you did not come
My tears fell in floods;
Then I saw you come,
And how gaily I laughed and talked!
You consulted tortoise-shell and milfoil, (1)
And they showed nothing unlucky;
You came with your cart
And took me off with my dowry.

Before the mulberry sheds its leaves,
How green and fresh they are!
Ah, turtle-dove,
Do not eat the mulberries!
Ah, girls,
Do not take your pleasure with men!
A man can take pleasure
And get away with it,
But a girl
Will never get away with it.

The mulberry sheds its leaves
Yellow and sere;
After going to you
Three years I supped on poverty.
Deep are the waters of the Qi;
They wet the curtains as the carriage crossed,
I did no wrong,
You were the one to blame;
It was you who were faithless
And changed.

Three years I was your wife,
Never idle in your house,
Rising early and retiring late
Day after day.
All went smoothly
Till you turned rough;
And my brothers, not knowing,
Laughed and joked with me as before.
Alone, thinking over my fate,
I could only lament.

I had hoped to grow old with you,
Now the thought of old age grieves my heart.
The Qi has its shores,
The Shi its banks;
How happy we were, our hair in tufts, (2)
How fondly we talked and laughed,
How solemnly we swore to be true!
I must think no more of the past;
The past is done with —
Better let it end like this!

(1)Used for divination
(2)Young people, before coming of age, tied their hair in two tufts.

“The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” is a famous Chinese historical novel written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century. The novel is set in the Three Kingdoms period (220-280 AD) of Chinese history and tells the story of the political and

military struggles between the three rival kingdoms: Wei, Shu, and Wu. The first chapter of the novel, titled “The Oath of the Peach Garden,” introduces the main characters and sets the stage for the story.

The chapter begins with a description of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, a peasant uprising that broke out in the late Han dynasty. The rebellion was led by Zhang Jiao, a Taoist priest who claimed to have received a mandate from heaven to

overthrow the corrupt Han government. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by the Han army, but it left the country in chaos and paved the way for the rise of warlords and regional powers.

The story then shifts to the three main protagonists: Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei. Liu Bei is a descendant of the imperial family of the Han dynasty, but he is now a wandering warrior without a home or a following. Guan Yu is a loyal

friend and skilled warrior who has sworn to serve Liu Bei. Zhang Fei is another warrior who becomes Liu Bei’s follower after an incident in which he saves Liu Bei’s life. The three men meet in a peach garden and make a solemn oath of

brotherhood, pledging to support each other in good times and bad and to work together to restore the Han dynasty.

The narrative then introduces Cao Cao, a powerful warlord who has taken control of the Han court and is effectively ruling the country. Cao Cao is described as a cunning and ruthless leader who uses his military prowess and political

acumen to maintain his grip on power. He is also portrayed as a man of culture and sophistication who values talent and is willing to reward those who serve him well.

Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei are determined to oppose Cao Cao and his regime, but they lack the resources and the support to do so. They decide to travel to the city of Zhuo, where a famous strategist named Kong Ming (also known as

Zhuge Liang) is said to reside. Kong Ming is renowned for his wisdom and his ability to see through people’s true intentions. Liu Bei hopes to recruit Kong Ming to his cause and use his skills to defeat Cao Cao.

The chapter ends with a scene in which Liu Bei and his two companions meet Kong Ming for the first time. Kong Ming tests their loyalty and their commitment to their cause, and they pass his test. He agrees to join their cause and help

them in their fight against Cao Cao.

In conclusion, the first chapter of “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” sets the stage for the epic tale of political intrigue, military conflict, and personal relationships that will unfold in the rest of the novel. It introduces the

main characters and their motivations and establishes the historical context in which the story takes place. The chapter also sets up the central conflict of the novel, which is the struggle between Liu Bei and his allies and Cao Cao and

his regime for control of the Han dynasty.

The second chapter of “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” is titled “The Gathering at the Red Cliffs.” This chapter recounts the famous Battle of Red Cliffs, one of the most significant events in the Three Kingdoms period.

The chapter begins with the continued rise of Cao Cao, who has now become the de facto ruler of the Han dynasty. Cao Cao has amassed a powerful army and is preparing to attack the southern kingdom of Wu, led by the ruler Sun Quan. Liu

Bei, who is still seeking to overthrow Cao Cao and restore the Han dynasty, sees this as an opportunity to strike a blow against Cao Cao and proposes an alliance with Sun Quan.

Liu Bei sends his strategist, Kong Ming, to Sun Quan’s capital to negotiate the alliance. Sun Quan agrees to the proposal, and the two sides prepare for war. However, Kong Ming realizes that they are at a disadvantage in terms of

manpower and military strength, and he devises a plan to turn the tide in their favor.

Kong Ming’s plan involves using fire to destroy Cao Cao’s fleet, which is anchored on the Yangtze River. He sends a message to Zhou Yu, Sun Quan’s military commander, asking him to prepare a fleet of ships and to supply arrows and oil.

Zhou Yu agrees, and the two sides combine forces to launch a surprise attack on Cao Cao’s fleet.

The attack is successful, and Cao Cao’s fleet is destroyed in a massive blaze. Cao Cao is forced to retreat, and the alliance between Liu Bei and Sun Quan is cemented. The victory at Red Cliffs becomes a turning point in the war, as it

cripples Cao Cao’s military power and prevents him from unifying the country.

The chapter also includes a number of other subplots, including the story of the two Qiaos, two sisters who become influential figures in the Wu court, and the story of Lu Su, a talented diplomat who helps to forge the alliance between

Liu Bei and Sun Quan.

In conclusion, the second chapter of “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” is a thrilling account of the Battle of Red Cliffs, a decisive moment in the Three Kingdoms period. It demonstrates the power of strategy and tactics in warfare and

the importance of alliances and diplomacy in achieving victory. The chapter also introduces several key characters who will play significant roles in the rest of the novel.

小编导读：这首《短歌行》的主题非常明确，就是作者希望有大量人才来为自己所用。曹操在其政治活动中，为了扩大他在庶族地主中的统治基础，打击反动的世袭豪强势力，曾大力强调“唯才是举”，为此而先后发布了“求贤令”、“举士令”、“求逸才令”等；而《短歌行》实际上就是一曲“求贤歌”、又正因为运用了诗歌的形式，含有丰富的抒情成分，所以就能起到独特的感染作用，有力地宣传了他所坚持的主张，配合了他所颁发的政令。

曹操 《短歌行》

对酒当歌，人生几何？
譬如朝露，去日苦多。
慨当以慷，忧思难忘。
何以解忧，唯有杜康。
青青子衿，悠悠我心。
但为君故，沉吟至今。
呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。
我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。
明明如月，何时可掇。
忧从中来，不可断绝。
越陌度阡，枉用相存。
契阔谈宴，心念旧恩。
月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。
绕树三匝，何枝可依？
山不厌高，海不厌深。
周公吐哺，天下归心。

A Short-Song Ballad
Cao Cao

The wine, the song, life goes on —
But for how long?
It evaporates, to our dismay,
Like the morning dew, day after day.
Ambition and aspiration sustain me,
But a secret thread of grief worries me.
How can I brush it aside
But by drowning it in wine?
Scholars, scholars, where are you?
Years I have chanted the song of yearning —
But would you ever come over to me?
Deer are calling from the field, grazing
On the tender marsilea.
Let my house be graced with a learned visitor,
I will have music played in his honour.
But he is as bright as the moon,
And how could I make a moon stay?
Here my sorrows surface and swell,
And refuse to go away.
Talented friends, whom I love, I treasure,
For a rendezvous no journey is too long!
Would you mind coming, to our meeting,
To our feast, back to old-days’ feeling?
The stars so dim, the moon so bright,
Southbound birds are flying, circling
Round and round over the tree —
On which bough are you alight?
The water can never be too deep,
And the mountain too high.
When an open-minded king calls for talent,
It is him the would must stand by.

小编导读：《雨霖铃》是宋代词人柳永的作品。本篇为作者离开汴京南下时与恋人惜别之作。词中以种种凄凉、冷落的秋天景象衬托和渲染离情别绪，活画出一幅秋江别离图。作者仕途失意，不得不离开京都远行，不得不与心爱的人分手，这双重的痛苦交织在一起，使他感到格外难受。他真实地描述了临别时的情景。全词由别时眼前景入题。

柳永 《雨霖铃》

寒蝉凄切，
对长亭晚，
骤雨初歇。
都门帐饮无绪，
留恋处，
兰舟催发。
执手相看泪眼，
竟无语凝噎。
念去去、千里烟波，
暮霭沉沉楚天阔。

多情自古伤离别，
更那堪，冷落清秋节！
今宵酒醒何处？
杨柳岸、
晓风残月。
此去经年，
应是良辰好景虚设。
便纵有千种风情，
更与何人说？

Cicadas Chill, Shrill
(To the Tune of Yulinling)
Liu Yong

Cicadas screech chill,
shrill, after a sudden shower.
By the roadside pavilion
in the evening, we are parting
outside the city gate, no mood
for the farewell drink, no strength
to tear ourselves apart, when
the magnolia boat urges me to board.
We gaze into each other’s eyes
in tears, hand holding
hand, all our words choked.
I’m sailing out, for thousands of miles
along the mist-enveloped waves,
the somber dusk haze
deepening against the boundless southern sky.

It’s been hard for lovers to part
since time immemorial.
How much more so
at this cold, deserted autumn!
Tonight, where shall I find
myself, waking from a hangover —
against the riverbank lined with weeping willows
the moon sinking, and the dawn rising
on a breeze? Year
after year, I will be far away from you.
All these beautiful scenes are unfolding,
but to no avail.
Oh, to whom can I speak
of this ineffably enchanting landscape?

小编导读：《玉蝴蝶·望处雨收云断》是宋代词人柳永的作品。此词上阕开头“望处”二字统摄全篇。凭阑远望，但见秋景萧疏，花老，梧叶黄，烟水茫茫，故人不见，悲秋伤离之感充盈心头。下阕回忆昔日文期酒会、相聚之乐，慨叹今日相隔遥远，消息难通。最后“黯相望，断鸿声里，立尽斜阳”，回应开头“望处”。全词以抒情为主，把写景和叙事、忆旧和怀人、羁旅和离别、时间和空间，融汇为一个浑然的艺术整体，具有很强的艺术感染力。

柳永 《玉蝴蝶·望处雨收云断》

望处雨收云断，
凭阑悄悄，
目送秋光。
晚景萧疏，
勘动宋玉悲凉。
水风轻、
蘋花渐老，
月露冷、
梧叶飘黄。
遣情伤。
故人何在，
烟水茫茫。

难忘。
文期酒会，
几孤风月，
屡变星霜。
海阔山遥，
未知何处是潇湘！
念双燕、
难凭远信，
指暮天、
空识归航。
黯相望。
断鸿声里，
立尽斜阳。

Jade Butterfly
Liu Yong

No rain nor clouds in sight,
Silent on rails I lean
To see off later autumn serene.
Lonely in the evening twilight,
Even the ancient poet would feel sad and cold.
The water rippled by the breeze,
The duckweed gradually grows old.
The dew shed by the moon would freeze
And yellow waft the plane-tree leaves.
How longing grieves!
Where is now my old friend?
Far and wide mist and waves extend.

Can I forget
The verse-composing and wine-drinking when we met?
How many moonlit nights were passed in vain?
How often stars and frost have changed again?
The sky is wide, the sea is far,
I cannot go to River Xiao Xiang where you are.
A pair of swallows fly.
Could they bring me a letter from you?
I point to evening sky.
To what avail returns the sail I knew?
At dusk I gaze far, far away
Until I hear no more wild geese’s song.
I stand there long
Until the sun has shed all its departing ray.

小编导读：这是金代诗人、文学家、历史学家元好问的代表作之一。这是一首咏物词，词人为雁殉情而死的事所感动，才挥笔写下了《摸鱼儿·雁丘词》，寄托自己对殉情者的哀思。这首词紧紧围绕“情”字，以雁拟人，谱写了一曲凄恻动人的恋情悲歌。在《摸鱼儿·雁丘词》中，作者驰骋丰富的想象，运用比喻、拟人等艺术手法，对大雁殉情而死的故事，展开了深入细致的描绘，再加以充满悲剧气氛的环境描写的烘托，塑造了忠于爱情、生死相许的大雁的艺术形象，谱写了一曲凄婉缠绵，感人至深的爱情悲歌，是为中国古代歌颂忠贞爱情的佳词。

元好问 《摸鱼儿》

太和五年乙丑岁，赴试并州，道逢捕雁者云：“今日获一雁杀之亦，其一脱网者悲鸣不能去，竟自投于地而死。”予因买得之，葬于汾水之上，累石为识，号曰雁丘。时同行者多为赋诗，予亦有《雁丘词》。

问世间，情为何物？直教生死相许！南地北双飞客，老翅几回寒暑。欢乐趣，别离苦，就中更有痴儿女。君应有语，渺万里层云，千山暮雪，只影向谁去？

横汾路，寂寞当年箫鼓，荒烟依旧平楚。招魂楚些何嗟及，山鬼暗啼风雨。天也妒，未信与，莺儿燕子俱黄土。千秋万古，为留待骚人，狂歌痛饮，来访雁丘处。

To the Tune Groping for Fish

Affection, oh, of what is affection comprised?
Where from and how has it got the power like that
To impel you to live and die just side by side?
Though travelers flying across those terrains wide,
What lots of summers and winters you’ve spent in flight,
While going thro’ common pleasures, parting plight!
No wonder abiding couples are found thereby.
Alone, whit the idea: “No point those troubles taking,
Laboring ‘gaisnt clouds unending, o’er mountains dark’ning,
So lonely, a single shadow alongside casting.”

On the site where Emperor Hanwu crossed the Fen,
No more are there his barges and music of his band.
Remaining dismal woods by a dim mist screened.
“Come back, you spirits!” we call again and again,
While lonely Maid Yao crying ‘mid winds and rains.
With devotion envied by God, you’re not she same
As oriole and swallows mortal, bound to decay.
In order that future poets raise their drinks to you,
The Mound I build here, a memorial to love so true!

小编导读：这是一首咏七夕佳期的作品。作者一反以往七夕诗词的伤感情调，把天上牛郎织女鹊桥相会的美丽传说和人间李隆基杨玉环马嵬死别的动人故事，演绎、融汇为一个纯情浪漫、晶莹剔透的意境，抒发了对纯真爱情的美好祝愿和热烈向往

唐婉 《钗头凤》

炎光谢，
过暮雨、
芳尘轻洒。
乍露冷风清庭户爽，
天如水、
玉钩遥挂。
应是星娥嗟久阻，
叙旧约、
飙轮欲驾。
极目处、
微云暗度，
耿耿银河高泻。

闲雅。
须知此景，
古今无价。
运巧思穿针楼上女，
抬粉面、
云鬓相亚。
钿合金钗私语处，
算谁在、回廊影下？
愿天上人间，
占得欢娱，
年年今夜。

The Junior God
The Double Seventh Eve
Liu Yong

The heat will abate
After the evening rain,
Light fragrance and wet dust remain.
Cold turns the dew,
The breeze freshens the courtyard in view.
In the water-clear sky
A hooklike moon hangs high.
Hindered for long, the Weaving Maid sighs,
Now she may go on a date,
Driving her winged wheels in flight.
As far as she stretches her eyes,
She sees fleecy clouds rise
Over the Silver River bright.

Such rendezvous is priceless since old days.
A maiden comes downstairs
To thread a needle in clever ways,
Looking upward, her cloudlike hairs
Caress her powdered face.
Who in the corridor whispers in the shade?
It’s her friend and his maid,
Exchanging golden hairpin and silver case.
They wish lovers may unite
Every year as this night
On earth as in the sky.