那么在这样一个艰难的情况下，诸葛亮是挺身而出了，是他自己提出来的，说“事急矣，请奉命求救于孙将军。”刘备批准他，于是他们两个一起从夏口来到柴桑。那么夏口是什么地方呢？就是现在的湖北省武汉市的汉口。柴桑是什么地方呢？就是现在江西省的九江。那么诸葛亮和鲁肃一起来到了柴桑，来到柴桑以后怎么样呢？因为我们知道《三国志》这部书它不是编年体的，它是纪传体的，每个人的事情写在每个人的传里面，它没有一个时间表。那么《资治通鉴》是编年体的，它有一个时间表，按照《资治通鉴》的时间表，是诸葛亮和鲁肃一起来到柴桑以后，诸葛亮先见到了孙权，先见孙权的不是鲁肃，是诸葛亮，这个时间表和《三国演义》时间表是不一样的。
In such a difficult situation, Zhuge Liang stepped forward. He proposed it himself, saying, “The matter is urgent. Please take orders to seek help from General Sun.” Liu Bei approved him, so the two of them came to Chaisang from Xiakou together. So where is Xiakou? It is now Hankou, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. Where is Chaisang? It is now Jiujiang in Jiangxi Province. So Zhuge Liang and Lu Su came to Chaisang together. What happened after they arrived at Chaisang? Because we know that the book “Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms” is not chronological, it is biographical, and everyone’s affairs are written in everyone’s biography. It does not have a timetable. “So” Zi Zhi Tong Jian “is in chronological form, and it has a timetable. According to the timetable in” Zi Zhi Tong Jian “, after Zhuge Liang and Lu Su came to Chai Sang together, Zhuge Liang first met Sun Quan. It was not Lu Su but Zhuge Liang who saw Sun Quan first. This timetable is different from the timetable in” The Romance of the Three Kingdoms “.”.
＊从易中天先生的分析来看，赤壁之战前诸葛亮没有任何职务，也不像后来那样名震一时，而江东集团和荆州集团又有隔阂，由此可以推断，这次出使东吴对诸葛亮来说，可谓压力颇大，困难重重。在小说《三国演义》里，诸葛亮舌战群儒、智激周瑜、折冲尊俎、纵横捭阖，令多少古往今来的读者们如痴如醉。小说家笔下的诸葛亮是潇洒的，而历史上，初出茅庐的诸葛亮面对如此艰巨的任务，他会有什么样的表现呢？
According to Mr. Yi Zhongtian’s analysis, before the Battle of Chibi, Zhuge Liang did not hold any positions and was not as famous as he was later. However, there was a gap between the Jiangdong Group and the Jingzhou Group. It can be inferred that this trip to the Soochow Kingdom was quite stressful and difficult for Zhuge Liang. In the novel “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms”, Zhuge Liang’s rhetoric, his wisdom, Zhou Yu’s provocation, his compromises, and his manoeuvres have captivated many readers from ancient to modern times. The novelist’s Zhuge Liang is natural and unrestrained, but in history, when Zhuge Liang faced such a difficult task, what would he do?
那么诸葛亮见到孙权以后，出场不凡。我们要知道他现在是作为一个刚刚打败了仗的这样一个政治和军事集团的代表来求援的，而当时的形势是什么样子的呢？是曹操最强，刘备最弱，孙权中强，所以不是我们现在讲的强强联合，它是强弱联合。那么这个话是非常难讲的，要说服对方很不容易，现在我们打个比方，一个小企业你想和一个大企业联合一下，那一般这小老板见了大老板他就气短啊，他会怯场啊，他牛不起来啊。但是诸葛亮非常大气，宾主见面以后自然会有一番寒暄和客套，进入正题以后诸葛亮出手不凡，他从什么地方说起呢？他不说我来求援，从头到尾没有说“求援”这两个字，他从哪里说起呢？天下大势。他说：“海内大乱，将军起兵江东，刘豫州收众汉南，与曹操并争天下。”这个开场白非常之精彩，“海内大乱”四个字就把整个国家和时代的情况全说清楚了，然后并列地推出两句话来，“将军起兵江东，刘豫州收众汉南”，这个并列句里面是有文章的，什么文章呢？我们知道天下大乱以后是个什么状态呢？是诸侯割据，群雄并起，就是如果我们来写这段历史的话，我要用十六个字，“天下大乱、诸侯割据、群雄并起、逐鹿中原”，我得这样说。他不说，董卓不提，吕布不提，袁绍不提，袁术不提，什么张绣、公孙瓒七七八八的都不提，只说两个，“将军起兵江东，刘豫州收众汉南，与曹操并争天下”，给人感觉就是天下大乱以后，只有三家，没有那么多。那么或者有人会说这个时候什么袁术、袁绍、吕布、张绣都没啦，可以不提，好，那还有没有有的？有啊，对不对，这个蜀还有刘璋啊，汉中还有张鲁，西北还有韩遂、马超他们，也不提。可能又会说现在我们是谈荆州问题，可以不提他们，对，谈荆州问题你就应该说与曹操并争荆州。为什么要说与曹操并争天下呢？
After seeing Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang made an extraordinary appearance. “We need to know that he is now seeking assistance as a representative of a political and military group that has just defeated the war, and what was the situation like then?”? “Cao Cao is the strongest, Liu Bei is the weakest, and Sun Quan is the strongest. Therefore, it is not the alliance of the strong and the weak we are talking about now, it is the alliance of the strong and the weak.”. So this sentence is very difficult to say, and it is not easy to persuade the other party. Now let’s make an analogy. If you want to unite with a large enterprise in a small enterprise, then generally the small boss will be short of breath when he meets the big boss, he will have stage fright, and he cannot stand up. However, Zhuge Liang is very atmospheric, and there will naturally be some pleasantries and courtesies after meeting the guests and hosts. After getting to the point, Zhuge Liang has made extraordinary efforts. Where did he start? “He didn’t say I came to ask for help, and he didn’t say the word ‘ask for help’ from beginning to end. Where did he start?”? The general situation of the world. He said, “There was a great turmoil in the sea, the general rose to Jiangdong, and Liu Yuzhou gathered many Hannan, competing with Cao Cao for the world.” This opening statement was very brilliant. The four words “The Great Rebellion in the sea” clarified the situation of the entire country and era, and then juxtaposed two sentences, “The general rose to Jiangdong, and Liu Yuzhou gathered many Hannan.” This juxtaposed sentence contained articles, what articles? What state do we know after the chaos? “It is the separatist regime of various princes, with the rise of the great powers together. That is, if we write this history, I will use sixteen words, ‘There is great chaos in the world, the separatist regime of various princes, the rise of the great powers together, and the pursuit of the central plains.'” I have to say this. “. “He didn’t mention it, Dong Zhuo didn’t mention it, Lv Bu didn’t mention it, Yuan Shao didn’t mention it, Yuan Shu didn’t mention it, and Zhang Xiu and Gongsun Zan didn’t mention anything from July to August. He only said two, ‘The general rose to the east of the Yangtze River, Liu Yuzhou gathered all the people from Hannan, and competed with Cao Cao for the world.'” It gave the impression that after the chaos in the world, there were only three, not so many. “. So perhaps someone will say that at this time, there are no Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao, Lv Bu, or Zhang Xiu left. You can leave it alone. Okay, is there any left? Yes, right? There are also Liu Zhang in Shu, Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and Han Sui and Ma Chao in the northwest. It may also be said that now we are talking about the Jingzhou issue, so we can not mention them. Yes, when it comes to the Jingzhou issue, you should argue with Cao Cao for Jingzhou. Why should we argue with Cao Cao for the world?
实际上在这里，诸葛亮不动声色地悄悄地把他隆中对的战略思想把它传递过去了。不但传递了这样的一个思想，而且传递了第二个思想，就是你孙权集团和我们刘备集团是统一战线，为什么呢？是我们与曹操并争天下，你看他那个用词，“将军起兵江东，刘豫州收众汉南，与曹操并争天下”，他划得清清楚楚，咱们两个是一家，他是另一家，他是敌人，他就把这个敌我友的界限又划出来了。我们知道政治斗争最重要的是什么呢？分清楚谁是我们的朋友，谁是我们的敌人，这是政治斗争的首要问题，这个问题是不可以不说的，但是你不能刻意地去说，不能很用心、很故意地去说，你那样去说会引起对方的猜疑，“什么意思？谁跟你统一战线？”它引起反感，你跟我统一战线，知道我多大吗？我江东六郡十万之众，你多大呢？你不就是一郡之地吗，还是刘琦的，你不就两万人马吗，还有一半也是刘琦的，就你这，跟我统一战线？他要反感。但是现在他是说什么呢？说历史，说形势，那对方接受。
In fact, here, Zhuge Liang quietly and quietly passed on his strategic thinking that was right in his heart. Not only did it convey such an idea, but it also conveyed the second idea that your Sun Quan Group and our Liu Bei Group are united on the front. Why? “We are fighting for the world together with Cao Cao. Look at his words,” General Jiangdong marched, Liu Yuzhou gathered all the troops from Hannan, and fought for the world together with Cao Cao. “He clearly drew the line between us. We are one family, he is the other family, and he is the enemy. So he drew the line between the enemy and our friend again.”. What is the most important thing we know about political struggle? Distinguishing who is our friend and who is our enemy is the primary issue in political struggle. This issue cannot be left unsaid, but you cannot say it deliberately, carefully, or deliberately. If you say it like that, it will arouse suspicion from the other party, “What’s the point? Who is united with you on the front?” It arouses resentment. You and I are united on the front, do you know how old I am? How old are you? Aren’t you the land of a county, still owned by Liu Qi? Aren’t you just 20000 people? The other half is also owned by Liu Qi. Just you, united front with me? He wants to be disgusted. But now what is he talking about? Speaking of history and situation, the other party accepts.
那么对方一接受，好了，第一个，用这样一段分析形势的话，诸葛亮获得了和孙权谈判平起平坐的对等地位，这是很重要的，你这个谈判一不对等，那签订的就是不平等条约嘛，对等了。第二，诸葛亮不动声色地把孙权置于和曹操的敌对地位，我们两个和曹操并争天下，本来孙权这个时候还没有下决心是跟曹操敌对不敌对的，但是你这形势一分析他好像就天然已经敌对了，不动声色地就把孙权已经拉下水了，所以他这一段开场白非常精彩。
＊诸葛亮见到孙权后，可以说是不辱使命、不负众望，他高瞻远瞩、大气磅礴，几句话就提升了自己的位置，这确实体现了诸葛亮杰出的外交才能。但是我们也不要忘记，孙权也不是等闲之辈，文韬武略样样不低于别人，决非是几句话就能蒙混过去的，何况，刘备刚刚大败，孙权则其实是准备观望的。那么诸葛亮接下来会怎么说呢？孙权又会怎么回应诸葛亮呢？
As soon as the other party accepts, well, first of all, using this paragraph to analyze the situation, Zhuge Liang has obtained equal status with Sun Quan in the negotiations. This is very important. If your negotiations are not reciprocal, then what you have signed is an unequal treaty, which is reciprocal. Secondly, Zhuge Liang calmly placed Sun Quan in a hostile position with Cao Cao. The two of us contended with Cao Cao for the world. Sun Quan had not made up his mind to be hostile to Cao Cao at this time, but once you analyzed the situation, it seemed that he naturally became hostile, and calmly dragged Sun Quan into the water. Therefore, his opening remarks were very exciting.
“After meeting Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang was able to fulfill his mission and live up to expectations. He was visionary and magnificent, and in a few words, he elevated his position. This truly reflects Zhuge Liang’s outstanding diplomatic talent.”. But let us not forget that Sun Quan is not an ordinary person. His literary skills and military strategies are no inferior to those of others, and it is by no means possible to muddle through with a few words. Moreover, Liu Bei has just been defeated, and Sun Quan is actually prepared to wait and see. So what will Zhuge Liang say next? How would Sun Quan respond to Zhuge Liang?
