【画外音】曹操、刘备、孙权的用人各不相同，易中天先生认为，在三国中，孙权的善于用人仅次于曹操，因此他能够聚拢人才，就连诸葛亮在讲到，为什么不和东吴翻脸时，理由之一就是，孙权周围的人才济济一堂，上下同心同德。不但如此，孙权手下的人才还绵延不尽，比如武将，周瑜之后有鲁肃，鲁肃之后有吕蒙，吕蒙之后还有陆逊，而且他们的能力水平不相上下。那么为什么东吴集团能够有这样的凝聚力？孙权到底怎么个会用人呢？
事实上，孙权和他的臣下也是亲如兄弟、亲如骨肉，有证据吗？有，三个证据。第一，周瑜。我们知道，赤壁之战总指挥是周瑜，打得曹操落花流水，曹操回去以后就发现，周瑜是个难得的人才，就琢磨着把周瑜给挖过来，为自己用。那么就要派说客了，派了谁呢？蒋干。时间在什么时候呢？建安十四年，也就是赤壁之战的后一年。这个时候蒋干到了周营，所以蒋干不可能盗书的，他赤壁之战以后才去嘛。那么曹操为什么选中蒋干的呢？因为蒋干是九江郡人，周瑜是庐江郡人，庐江和九江同属扬州，不是咱们现在江苏省的扬州市啊，是大扬州的概念。所以蒋干和周瑜算是老乡，老乡见老乡，两眼泪汪汪，再加上蒋干这个人，第一是帅哥，长的非常漂亮，周瑜也是帅哥，帅哥去说服帅哥比较对口。第二个，蒋干口才极好，辩才无碍，独步江淮之间，那个地方，没有人能说得过他的，相当于咱们央视的名嘴了。派蒋干去，蒋干到了周瑜这个地方，周瑜站在营门口哈哈大笑，哎呀，子仪兄啊，远涉江湖而来，怕是给曹孟德当说客吧，见面就给戳穿了。蒋干一楞，这个这个，公瑾兄，这是什么话吗，这不就是老乡来看老乡吗，你怎么要诈我呢？周瑜说不是做说客吗，好吧，晾他三天。周瑜说我公务繁忙，你在这儿先住三天，三天以后，周瑜回来见蒋干，大开营门，大开库房，检阅部队，都看完了，大摆宴席，然后对蒋干说了这样的话，周瑜说一个男子汉大丈夫，活在这个世界上最得意的最让他高兴的事儿，是什么呢？是遇到一位好的君主，好到什么程度呢？周瑜说“外托君臣之义，内结骨肉之恩，言行计从，祸福共之”。他说一个男人，如果找到了这样一个君主，外表上看是君臣，实际上是兄弟，是骨肉嘛，告诉你说吧，你就算是苏秦、张仪、郦食其活过来了，来做说客，我周瑜都会摸着他的背，把他顶回去。蒋干很识趣，蒋干什么都不说，笑了，“喝酒，喝。”喝完酒回去向曹操汇报说，这人搞不掂，这是一个例子。
[Voice over] Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan employ different people. Mr. Yi Zhongtian believes that in the Three Kingdoms, Sun Quan is second only to Cao Cao in terms of talent, so he was able to gather talents. Even when Zhuge Liang was talking about why he didn’t face up to the Eastern Wu Dynasty, one of the reasons was that the talents around Sun Quan gathered together and worked together in unity and virtue. Not only that, Sun Quan’s talents still extend endlessly, such as military generals, including Lu Su after Zhou Yu, Lu Meng after Lu Su, and Lu Xun after Lu Meng. Moreover, their abilities are comparable. So why can Soochow Group have such cohesion? How on earth can Sun Quan use people?
In fact, Sun Quan and his subordinates are also close as brothers and blood. Is there any evidence? Yes, there are three evidences. First, Zhou Yu. As we know, the commander in chief of the Battle of Chibi was Zhou Yu, who defeated Cao Cao and found him to be a rare talent after returning. Therefore, Cao Cao planned to poach Zhou Yu for his own use. So it’s time to send lobbyists. Who did they send? Jiang Gan. When is the time? The 14th year of Jian’an, the year after the Battle of Chibi. At this time, Jiang Gan arrived at Zhouying, so it was impossible for him to steal books. He didn’t go until after the Battle of Chibi. So why did Cao Cao choose Jiang to do it? “Because Jiang Gan is a native of Jiujiang County, Zhou Yu is a native of Lujiang County, and both Lujiang and Jiujiang belong to Yangzhou. They are not the city of Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, but the concept of Greater Yangzhou.”. Therefore, Jiang Gan and Zhou Yu are fellow villagers. When a fellow villager meets a fellow villager, his eyes are filled with tears. In addition to Jiang Gan, the first is a handsome guy who is very beautiful. Zhou Yu is also a handsome guy, and the handsome guy goes to persuade the handsome guy to be more suitable. Second, Jiang Gan has excellent eloquence and eloquence. He walks alone between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. No one can speak of him in that place, which is equivalent to the famous mouth of our CCTV. “Send Jiang Gan, Jiang Gan arrived at Zhou Yu’s place, and Zhou Yu stood at the camp gate laughing loudly. Oh, Brother Ziyi, you’ve traveled far into the Jianghu. Perhaps you’re working as a lobbyist for Cao Mengde, and you’ll be exposed when you meet him.”. Jiang Ganyileng, this one, Brother Gongjin, what is this saying? Isn’t this a fellow villager coming to see him? Why are you trying to cheat me? Zhou Yu said that he was not a lobbyist. Okay, let him dry for three days. Zhou Yu said that I am busy with my official duties, so you should stay here for three days. After three days, Zhou Yu came back to see Jiang Gan, opened the camp gate, opened the warehouse, and reviewed the troops. After reading all of them, he gave a banquet, and then said something like this to Jiang Gan. Zhou Yu said that being a man and a big husband, what was the most gratifying thing about living in this world that made him most proud of himself? How good is it to meet a good monarch? Zhou Yu said, “Entrusting the righteousness of the monarch and his ministers externally, and cultivating the kindness of the flesh and blood within, complying with words and deeds, and sharing weal and woe together.”. He said that if a man finds such a monarch, who appears to be a monarch and a minister, but is actually a brother and a flesh and blood. Let me tell you, even if you are Su Qin, Zhang Yi, and Li Shiqi alive, and come to be a lobbyist, I, Zhou Yu, will touch his back and push him back. Jiang Gan was very witty. Jiang Gan didn’t say anything and smiled, “Drink, drink.” After drinking, he returned to report to Cao Cao that this person couldn’t handle it. This is an example.
第二个是周泰。周泰是我们上次讲过的，就是淮泗将领当中的一员，但是周泰出身寒门，地位比较低，建安十八年的时候，孙权任命周泰做濡须口的前线总指挥，或者是卫戍司令，坐镇濡须口，让朱然和徐盛两个人当他的副手。这朱然和徐盛是不服气的，孙权也知道他们两个会不服气，于是孙权就借巡视的名义，亲自到了濡须口，然后大摆宴席，款待他的将领。孙权自己起身拿起酒樽来，依次斟酒，斟酒到周泰跟前，孙权说，周将军，请把衣服脱了。周泰不知道怎么回事，遵命把衣服脱下来，结果所有人都目瞪口呆，因为周泰身上伤痕累累，体无完肤。孙权说，周将军，这块伤疤是怎么回事啊？周泰说这是末将在什么什么战斗中负伤的。哦，那这一块伤疤呢？这是末将在什么什么战斗中负伤的。那这一块呢？这是末将的另一次什么什么战斗。而这一块，这是末将的另一次什么什么战斗。次次战斗留下的伤疤，有多少块伤疤，就参加了多少次战斗。这个时候孙权哭了，他拉着周泰的手臂，叫着周泰的字说，幼平啊幼平，你为孤兄弟出生入死，是把命都搭上了啊，我孙权怎么能够不待卿以骨肉之恩啊。我怎么能够不把你当做我的亲兄弟骨肉呢？我怎么能够不委任你兵马辎重啊？不要因为你是出身寒门，你就自惭形秽，告诉你，孤与你同荣辱、共休戚，我孙权是你大后台。所有人都感动，所有人都服了，这是第二个例子。
第三个例子，诸葛瑾。夷陵之战的时候，有人告诸葛瑾的刁状，因为诸葛瑾是诸葛亮的亲哥哥，有人就说了，这个诸葛瑾里通外国啊，和诸葛亮有来往。这个风声造得很大，弄得最后前线总指挥陆逊都坐不住了，陆逊就给孙权写信说，主公啊这个事情，你一定要出来澄清一下，我是相信诸葛瑾的，但是这个议论太多了以后，这是个问题啊。孙权写一封信给陆逊，说你放心，我和子瑜（就是诸葛瑾），我和子瑜恩如骨肉，而且我和子瑜来往多年，我完全了解这个人，这个人的特点是非道不行，非义不言，不是这个符合道义的事情，他是不会说也不会做的。我告诉你，当年孔明先生出使吴国的时候，孤是想把孔明先生给挖过来的（又是个挖墙脚的），孤就去对子瑜说，这个弟弟跟着哥哥是天经地义的啊，既然哥哥在江东，弟弟也应该到江东来，只要孔明先生愿意，我写封信给刘玄德，解释解释。你说子瑜怎么说，子瑜说，舍弟已经跟了刘玄德，那是不会改变的，就象我诸葛瑾不会投奔刘玄德一样，你看看，他是这样的人，是完全可以放心的，所以孙权是以情感人。当然我不排除这里面孙权有做秀的成份，比方说他跟周泰，那就是一场表演，这个也可以这么说，是做给大家看的，但是也不排除他里面有真实的内容，他是把真实的情感表演出来，作为一种政治手段，那这应该说是很高明的。实际上有很多人，就是为孙权的真情所感动，来投奔孙权的，比方说潘濬，潘濬原来是刘备手下的人，但是好象不太被刘备所重用，做的是个小官，和关羽一起守荆州。那么关羽丢了荆州以后，荆州的刘备的那些官吏都投降了孙权，唯独潘濬不投降，潘濬说我生病了，他不去见孙权，在家里躺着，孙权听了汇报就说，潘濬生病了，那我们拿一个病床去吧。就派人抬了一张床，到潘濬家里，请潘先生上床，抬到孙权那儿去。潘濬还是不见，潘濬把头埋在床上，开始哭，哭得泪流满面，不能遏制，这时孙权就走到他跟前，轻言细语地跟他谈话，跟他讲为什么应该投诚的这个道理，孙权一边说，潘濬一边哭，孙权就说来人呐，拿毛巾来，给潘将军擦擦眼泪，这下子，潘濬实在扛不住了，下床来，拜了孙权，归顺了孙权。所以孙权他的用人，他确实是以情感人，但是我们要跟大家说清楚，这是孙权的早期、前期。
The second is Zhou Tai. Zhou Tai was one of the Huaisi generals we talked about last time, but Zhou Tai was born in a humble family and had a relatively low status. In the 18th year of Jian’an, Sun Quan appointed Zhou Tai as the frontline commander in charge of Ruxukou, or the garrison commander, to sit in Ruxukou, with Zhu Ran and Xu Sheng serving as his deputy. “Zhu Ran and Xu Sheng were unconvinced, and Sun Quan knew that they would be unconvinced. So Sun Quan, in the name of an inspector, personally went to Ruxu’s mouth and hosted a banquet to entertain his generals.”. Sun Quan stood up and picked up the wine bottle, poured it in turn, and reached Zhou Tai. Sun Quan said, “General Zhou, please take off your clothes.”. Zhou Tai didn’t know what was going on, so he obeyed and took off his clothes. As a result, everyone was dumbfounded because Zhou Tai’s body was scarred and flawless. Sun Quan said, General Zhou, what’s the matter with this scar? Zhou Tai said that this was the last battle in which he would be wounded. Oh, what about this scar? This is the battle in which you will be wounded. What about this one? This is another battle for the last general. And this one, this is another battle for the last general. The scars left by the next battle, as many as there are scars, are the number of battles they have participated in. At this moment, Sun Quan cried. He took Zhou Tai’s arm and shouted in Zhou Tai’s words, “Youping, Youping, you have risked your life to die for your orphan brother. How can I Sun Quan not treat Qing with kindness of flesh and blood?”. How can I not treat you as my own brother? How can I not entrust you with troops and equipment? Don’t be ashamed of yourself just because you are from a humble family. I tell you that I am alone in your honor and disgrace, sharing weal and woe, and that I, Sun Quan, is your chief backstage. Everyone was moved and everyone was convinced. This is the second example.
The third example is Zhuge Jin. During the Battle of Yiling, someone accused Zhuge Jin of his treachery, because Zhuge Jin was Zhuge Liang’s brother. Someone said that Zhuge Jin had connections with foreign countries and had dealings with Zhuge Liang. “The wind was so loud that Lu Xun, the commander in chief of the front line, couldn’t sit still. Lu Xun wrote to Sun Quan and said, ‘Lord, you must come out and clarify this matter. I believe Zhuge Jin, but after too much discussion, this is a problem.'”. Sun Quan wrote a letter to Lu Xun, saying that you can rest assured that Ziyu and I (that is, Zhuge Jin) are as close as flesh and blood. Moreover, I have been with Ziyu for many years, and I fully understand this person. The characteristics of this person are that they cannot speak without morality, and they cannot speak without righteousness. If it is not a matter of morality, he will neither speak nor do it. I tell you that when Mr. Kongming was on an envoy to the State of Wu, he wanted to dig Mr. Kongming out (he was also a wall digger). He went to Ziyu and said, “This younger brother follows his brother as a matter of course. Since he is in Jiangdong, his younger brother should also come to Jiangdong. If Mr. Kongming is willing, I will write a letter to Liu Xuande to explain.”. What do you say about Ziyu? Ziyu said, “My brother-in-law has already followed Liu Xuande, and that won’t change, just like I Zhuge Jin won’t defecte to Liu Xuande. Look, he’s such a person that you can rest assured of, so Sun Quan is moved with affection.”. Of course, I don’t rule out that Sun Quan has a show element in it, such as he and Zhou Tai, which is a performance. This can also be said to be done for everyone to see, but it doesn’t rule out that there is real content in him. He performs real emotions as a political means, which should be said to be very clever. In fact, many people were moved by Sun Quan’s true feelings and came to join Sun Quan. For example, Pan Jun, who was originally under Liu Bei’s command, did not seem to be highly valued by Liu Bei, acting as a petty official and guarding Jingzhou with Guan Yu. After Guan Yu lost Jingzhou, all the officials of Liu Bei in Jingzhou surrendered to Sun Quan, but Pan Jun didn’t surrender. Pan Jun said that I was sick, and he didn’t go to see Sun Quan, lying at home. Sun Quan heard the report and said, “Pan Jun is sick, so let’s take a hospital bed.”. He sent someone to carry a bed to Pan Jun’s house, asked Mr. Pan to go to bed, and carried it to Sun Quan. Pan Jun was still missing. Pan Jun buried his head on the bed and began to cry, tears streaming down his face, unable to contain it. At this moment, Sun Quan walked up to him and spoke softly to him, explaining to him the reason why he should surrender. As Sun Quan spoke, Pan Jun cried, and Sun Quan called for someone to come, brought a towel, and wiped General Pan’s tears. At this moment, Pan Jun couldn’t bear it anymore. He got out of bed, worshipped Sun Quan, and resigned to Sun Quan. So Sun Quan’s employment is truly emotional, but we need to make it clear to everyone that this is Sun Quan’s early and early stages.
【画外音】易中天先生刚才讲到，在用人方面孙权是拿出自己十分的热情和真心，聚拢每一位人才，可以说孙权是不拘一格，唯才是举，甚至对一些出身卑微的人，孙权不看门第，不论身份，他都够能量才使用，各尽其能。但是遗憾的是孙权的这些优点，都表现在他的早年和前期，步入晚年的孙权，就是另一个样子了，那么晚年的孙权是一个什么样的人呢？
孙权到晚年、到后期不要说跟他的群臣不再有什么骨肉之恩，就是他自己的亲生骨肉，都已经没有情感可言。我们来看看孙权的几个儿子吧，孙权一共七个儿子，第一个儿子叫做孙登，他是孙权的第一任太子，三十三岁的时候就去世了，这个算是善终，但是他这个太子是当得很不愉快的，现在没有时间去讲他。第二个儿子呢，叫孙虑，二十岁的时候也去世了，这个也算是善终了。第三个儿子叫孙和，第四个儿子叫孙霸，孙和是孙权的第二任太子，孙登去世了以后，二儿子孙虑不是也去世了吗，那就三儿子孙和来当太子，这个孙和当了太子以后呢，和这个四儿子孙霸两个人闹。为什么呢？因为孙权既喜欢孙和，他也喜欢孙霸，他册封孙和为太子，同时又册封孙霸为鲁王，而两个人的礼仪待遇没有任何区别，这下子就闹起来了，闹起来的结果是孙和被废，孙霸被杀、被赐死。为什么要废孙和呢？道理很简单，朕还在，你不能闹。为什么要杀孙霸呢？道理也很简单，朕不给，你不能抢。第五个儿子叫孙奋，孙奋后来也被杀了，不过不是孙权杀的，是他是侄子孙皓杀的，这个以后再说。那么第六个儿子叫孙休，第七个儿子叫孙亮，孙亮是孙和以后的第三任太子，也是孙权以后的第二任皇帝，但是他比较倒霉，他十岁登极，十六岁就被人废了，被下面的权臣给废了，废了以后还被他的哥哥，就是老六孙休给杀了。因为孙休接着他当了皇帝，当了第三任皇帝，那就要把前任皇帝要杀掉，孙休还不错，孙休也算是寿终正寝自己死的。但是孙休死了以后，他的皇后和他的两个儿子，又被孙皓杀了，孙皓是谁呢？孙皓就是那个孙和的儿子。我估计大家这会儿已经听迷糊了，所以我总结了这个四句话：父亲杀儿子，哥哥杀弟弟，侄儿杀叔叔，宗室杀皇族。反正就是大家记住一条，姓孙的杀姓孙的，他们自个儿家的人互相杀。这叫骨肉之恩吗？这叫骨肉相残，这是家庭。
[Voice over] Mr. Yi Zhongtian just mentioned that Sun Quan shows great enthusiasm and sincerity in employing people, and gathers every talent. It can be said that Sun Quan is not rigid in his style and is only talented. Even for some people from humble backgrounds, Sun Quan does not care about their family status. Regardless of their status, they have enough energy to use them and do their best. Unfortunately, these advantages of Sun Quan are reflected in his early and early years. Entering his later years, Sun Quan is just another person. So what kind of person is Sun Quan in his later years?
In his later years and later years, Sun Quan no longer had any bone and flesh relationship with his ministers, even his own flesh and blood, had no emotion to speak of. Let’s take a look at Sun Quan’s sons. Sun Quan has a total of seven sons. The first son is called Sun Deng. He was Sun Quan’s first prince, who died at the age of 33. This is considered a good end, but he has been a very unhappy prince, and there is no time to talk about him now. The second son, Sun Si, also passed away at the age of twenty, which is considered a good end. The third son is Sun He, and the fourth son is Sun Ba. Sun He is Sun Quan’s second crown prince. After Sun Deng passed away, didn’t Sun Si, his second son, also die? Then the third son, Sun He, came to be the crown prince. After Sun He became the crown prince, he quarreled with the fourth son, Sun Ba, and the two others. Why? Because Sun Quan liked both Sun He and Sun Ba, he canonized Sun He as the Crown Prince and Sun Ba as the King of Lu. However, there was no difference in the etiquette treatment between the two people, and there was an uproar. The result of the uproar was that Sun He was abolished, Sun Ba was killed, and he was given death. Why should Sun He be abolished? The reason is very simple. I’m still here, you can’t make trouble. Why did you kill Sun Ba? The reason is also very simple. If I don’t give it, you can’t rob it. The fifth son was named Sun Fen, who was also killed later, but not Sun Quan. He was killed by his nephew Sun Hao. We will discuss this later. So the sixth son is called Sun Xiu, and the seventh son is Sun Liang. Sun Liang is the third prince of Sun He and the second emperor after Sun Quan, but he is unlucky. He ascended to the pole at the age of ten, was abolished at the age of sixteen, was abolished by the lower officials of power, and after his abolition was also killed by his brother, the sixth Sun Xiu. “Because Sun Xiu then became emperor and became the third emperor, it would be necessary to kill the previous emperor. Sun Xiu was not bad, and Sun Xiu also died on his own.”. But after Sun Xiu’s death, his empress and his two sons were killed by Sun Hao again. Who was Sun Hao? Sun Hao is the son of Sun He. I guess everyone is already confused by now, so I summarized these four sentences: father kills son, brother kills brother, nephew kills uncle, and royal family kills royal family. Anyway, everyone should remember that those surnamed Sun kill those surnamed Sun, and their own families kill each other. Is this called the grace of flesh and bone? This is called cannibalism. This is family.
