曹操很早就意识到，要想成就一番霸业，人才是关键，所以曹操曾连续三次颁布求贤令，提出了“唯才是举”的口号，这个惊世骇俗的举动几乎颠覆了当时人们传统用人观。那么，我们该怎样理解曹操的“唯才是举”呢？敬请关注《易中天品三国之海纳百川》。
公元200年的官渡之战，对于曹操来说是一次真正确立霸主地位的战役，而对于袁绍来说，却是至死难忘的成败转折点。经此一战，袁绍拱手让出了北方霸权，这位曾经横扫河北、称雄一时的大军阀，就此从中国历史舞台上消失。本来，袁绍是完全有机会赢取这场胜利的，甚至可以进而夺取中原，“挟天子以令诸侯”。那么袁绍究竟输在哪里？有人认为曹操胜在善于用人，可是想成就一番霸业的袁绍不会认识不到人才的重要性，况且他手底下也是文臣武将，人才济济。那么，曹操袁绍的用人究竟有什么不同？厦门大学易中天教授将为您细品曹操的用人之术。《易中天品三国》之“海纳百川”正在播出，敬请关注。
Cao Cao realized early on that talent was the key to achieving a hegemonic career. Therefore, Cao Cao had issued orders to seek talents three times in a row and proposed the slogan “Only talent can be employed”. This shocking move almost subverted the traditional employment concept of people at that time. So, how should we understand Cao Cao’s “meritocracy”? Please pay attention to “Yi Zhong Tian Pin: The Three Kingdoms: The Sea and All Rivers”.
The Battle of Guandu in AD 200 was a truly hegemonic battle for Cao Cao, but for Yuan Shao, it was a memorable turning point in his life. After this battle, Yuan Shao surrendered his northern hegemony, and the great warlord who once swept Hebei and ruled for a while disappeared from the stage of Chinese history. Originally, Yuan Shao had a full chance of winning this victory, and could even go on to seize the Central Plains, “holding the Emperor hostage to order the princes.”. So where did Yuan Shao lose? Some people believe that Cao Cao Sheng is good at employing people, but Yuan Shao, who wants to achieve a hegemonic career, will not fail to recognize the importance of talent. Moreover, he also has a number of talented officials and military generals under his command. So, what is the difference in the employment of Cao Cao and Yuan Shao? Professor Yi Zhongtian of Xiamen University will give you a detailed taste of Cao Cao’s talent skills. “Yi Zhong Tian Pin Three Kingdoms”: “The sea embraces all rivers” is on the air, please pay attention.
易中天：
今天这一集我们讲曹操的用人之道，用人之道是曹操的成功之道的重要内容。陈寿的《三国志》为曹操做传，最后有一段总结，这段总结陈寿表达了这么一个意思：第一点，战胜袁绍是曹操一生中最重要的成功；第二点，曹操为什么能够战胜袁绍呢？两个原因，第一是曹操精于谋略，第二是曹操善于用人。这是《三国志》的作者陈寿给曹操一生做的一个总结，可见用人之道对于曹操来说是多么地重要。其实所谓用人之道，无非两个问题，第一个问题是用什么人，第二个问题是怎么用。我们今天就讲用什么人，下一集我们讲怎么用。我们还是要来比较一下袁绍和曹操，在这两个问题上袁绍和曹操都是不一样的。
Yi Zhongtian:
In today’s episode, we will talk about Cao Cao’s method of employing people, which is an important content of Cao Cao’s method of success. Chen Shou’s “Three Kingdoms Annals” is a biography of Cao Cao. Finally, there is a summary. This summary expresses the following meaning: First, defeating Yuan Shao is the most important success in Cao Cao’s life; Secondly, why could Cao Cao defeat Yuan Shao? There are two reasons. The first is that Cao Cao is skilled in strategy, and the second is that Cao Cao is good at employing people. This is a summary of Cao Cao’s life by Chen Shou, the author of “Three Kingdoms Annals”. It can be seen how important the way of employing people is for Cao Cao. In fact, the so-called method of employing people is nothing more than two questions. The first question is who to use, and the second question is how to use it. Today we’ll talk about who to use, and in the next episode we’ll talk about how to use it. Let’s still compare Yuan Shao and Cao Cao. On these two issues, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao are different.
袁绍这个人也是懂得要成就一番事业必须会用人这个道理的，实际上袁绍从小就喜欢结交豪侠，他年轻的时候住在京城里面，仗着自己“四世三公”这样一个社会地位，成为京城有名的公子哥儿，然后整天在家里面大会宾客，用现在的话说就是办沙龙，开Party，车水马龙，门庭若市。这个事情当时就引起了当局的注意，当时就有人对袁绍的叔叔说，你那个侄子不响应政府的号召，就是当时官方要袁绍出来做官，袁绍不出来，在家里面就会宾客。所以他们就对袁绍的叔叔说，你那个侄子“不应乎召而养死士”，不接受我们政府的招聘，自己在家里面养很多的门客，他想干什么？他叔叔就去找袁绍说，你这小子这样搞下去，我们袁家要灭门啊！袁绍这才有所收敛，这才到了大将军何进的麾下效力。那么这个故事说明什么呢？说明当时大家都看出来袁绍在模仿谁呢？模仿战国时代的那些公子。我们知道战国时代有四大君子，齐国是孟尝君，魏国信陵君，赵国平原君，楚国春申君，四大公子就是这样的，在家里面养很多的门客，袁绍学习的就是这四大公子的做派，所以袁绍的这个做派我们可以称之为“哥儿做派”。但是袁绍学习这四大公子，他只学到了皮毛，没有学到精髓。这个问题，曹操的谋士荀彧有一个说法，荀彧是这样说的：
Yuan Shao also understands the truth that to achieve a career, he must be skilled in employing people. In fact, Yuan Shao loved to make friends with heroes from an early age. When he was young, he lived in the capital, relying on his social status as “the fourth generation and the third prince”, and became a famous prince in the capital. Then, he spent all day at home meeting guests. In current words, he ran salons, held parties, and was bustling with traffic and bustling with people. This matter attracted the attention of the authorities at that time. At that time, someone told Yuan Shao’s uncle that if your nephew did not respond to the government’s call, it was because the official wanted Yuan Shao to come out as an official. If Yuan Shao did not come out, he would have guests at home. So they said to Yuan Shao’s uncle, “Your nephew” shouldn’t be called to raise dead men, “and he doesn’t accept the recruitment of our government. He raises many disciples at home. What does he want to do?”? “His uncle went to Yuan Shao and said, ‘If you go on like this, our Yuan family will be destroyed!'”! Only then did Yuan Shao converge and become effective under the command of General He Jin. So what does this story say? Which one did everyone see at that time that Yuan Shao was imitating? Imitate those young masters from the Warring States era. We know that during the Warring States period, there were four great gentlemen, namely, the Duke of Meng Chang in the State of Qi, the Duke of Xinling in the State of Wei, the Duke of Zhao Guoping in the Yuan Dynasty, and the Duke of Chunshen in the Chu Dynasty. The four great princes were like this, and they raised many disciples in their homes. Yuan Shao studied the style of these four great princes, so we can call this style of Yuan Shao the “Brother Style”. But Yuan Shao studied these four masters, and he only learned the surface, not the essence. Xun Yu, a counselor of Cao Cao, had a saying on this issue. Xun Yu said this:
“绍凭世资，从容饰智，以收名誉，故士之寡能好问者多归之。”
“Shao relies on worldly talents, calmly embellishes wisdom, and receives fame. Therefore, if there are few scholars who can be inquisitive, many will return to him.”
