三顾茅庐，这是一个家喻户晓的故事，然而这又是一段被演义笼罩的历史。在《三国志》里，有关“三顾茅庐”的记载只有五个字，更有史书记载，是诸葛亮毛遂自荐，而不是刘备三顾茅庐。那么历史的真相究竟如何？“三顾茅庐”的故事为什么会一再传唱？敬请关注《易中天品三国》之——三顾茅庐。
“Sangu Maolu” is a well-known story, but it is also a history shrouded in romance. In the “Records of the Three Kingdoms”, there are only five words in the record of “Sangumao Lu”, and there are more historical records that it was Zhuge Liang who volunteered, rather than Liu Bei who Sangumao Lu. So what is the truth of history? Why is the story of “Sangumao Lu” sung again and again? Please pay attention to “Yi Zhong Tian Pin Three Kingdoms” – San Gu Mao Lu.
“三顾茅庐”是诸葛亮人生中重要的转折点，诸葛亮由此成为刘备一生中最重要的谋士。这一段故事在小说《三国演义》中，被罗贯中传神地演义，他用刘备的礼贤下士，烘托出了一个近似神仙般的人物诸葛亮。《三国演义》花了将近两个章节的篇幅来描写刘备与诸葛亮的会见，但是在史书《三国志》中，对于这一段只有五个字的介绍：“凡三往，乃见”。那么，三顾茅庐究竟是怎么回事？历史上到底有没有发生过三顾茅庐的事情呢？厦门大学易中天教授做客《百家讲坛》，为您还原一个真实的历史，《易中天品三国》之“三顾茅庐”正在播出，敬请关注。
“Sangumao Lu” was an important turning point in Zhuge Liang’s life, and Zhuge Liang became the most important counselor in Liu Bei’s life. In the novel “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms”, this story is vividly portrayed by Luo Guanzhong, who uses Liu Bei’s courteous and virtuous corporal to foil a character like Zhuge Liang, who is almost immortal. “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” devoted nearly two chapters to describing the meeting between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, but in the historical book “The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms”, there is only a five word introduction to this paragraph: “Where three go, one sees.”. So, what is the matter with Sangu Maolu? Have there ever been any incidents in history where there have been three visits? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is visiting the “Hundred Lectures” to restore a true history for you. The “Sangumao Lu” of “Yi Zhongtian’s Taste of the Three Kingdoms” is on the air. Please pay attention.
易中天：
上一集我们留下了一个问题，就是刘备和诸葛亮这个君臣际遇，是刘备去找诸葛亮呢，还是诸葛亮主动去找刘备呢？这个问题历史上是有不同记载的，《三国志》说是刘备去找诸葛亮，用五个字做了记录，就是“凡三往，乃见”，但是《魏略》和《九州春秋》说是诸葛亮去找刘备。
Yi Zhongtian:
In the previous episode, we left a question, which is the fate of Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. Should Liu Bei go to find Zhuge Liang, or should Zhuge Liang take the initiative to find Liu Bei? There have been different records of this issue in history. The Three Kingdoms Annals says that Liu Bei went to Zhuge Liang and recorded it in five words, which means “wherever you go, you will see.” However, the Wei Lue and the Jiuzhou Spring and Autumn Annals say that Zhuge Liang went to Liu Bei.
按照这个《魏略》和《九州春秋》的说法，说这个事情是在建安十二年，也就是公元的207年，当时曹操已经基本上统一了北部中国，下一个要灭掉的目标就是荆州，所以荆州的形势已经非常紧急了。于是诸葛亮就北上去见刘备，因为刘备当时驻兵樊城，诸葛亮见到刘备以后，刘备不认识他，也不知道他，就把他当做一般的读书人，一般的士人，一般的人才来接待。大概当时也接待了很多这样的人，大家一起吃了个饭，吃了一个饭以后就散了，但是诸葛亮没走，刘备也没理他，也不问他有什么事，自己就拿了一个牦牛尾巴在那编起工艺品来，诸葛亮就说，将军的雄心壮志难道就是编工艺品吗？刘备手上拿着牦牛尾巴往旁边一扔，这什么话？聊以忘忧了。诸葛亮说，将军，您想一想刘镇南——刘镇南是谁？就是刘表，刘表当时的职务是镇南将军，所以简称他刘镇南——诸葛亮说请问将军，刘镇南比得上曹操吗？刘备说那比不上。诸葛亮又问，那将军您自己比得上曹操吗？刘备说那也比不上。诸葛亮说，刘镇南也比不上曹操，将军您也比不上曹操，难道你们就坐在荆州等死吗？就等着人家来宰割吗？刘备说，唉，我也发愁啊，没有办法！诸葛亮就给他出一个主意，说我们荆州现在的问题是什么呢？是北方来逃难的流民很多，而这些人都没上户口，不是我们的编户齐民，那么这一部分人的人力和财力政府就没有掌握，因此应该把这些人查清楚了，都给他们上上户口，那么该交税你交税，该出力你出力，该服兵役你要服兵役，那么荆州就强大了。
According to the statements in “Wei Lue” and “Jiuzhou Spring and Autumn”, it is said that this event occurred in the 12th year of Jian’an, that is, in the year 207 AD, when Cao Cao had basically unified northern China, and the next target to be destroyed was Jingzhou, so the situation in Jingzhou was already very urgent. So Zhuge Liang went north to meet Liu Bei because Liu Bei was stationed in Fancheng. After Zhuge Liang met Liu Bei, Liu Bei neither knew him nor knew him, so he treated him as an ordinary scholar, an ordinary scholar, and an ordinary talent to receive him. Probably at that time, many such people were also received. They had a meal together, and after eating a meal, they dispersed. However, Zhuge Liang did not leave, and Liu Bei did not pay attention to him, nor asked him what was wrong. He took a yak tail and made handicrafts there. Zhuge Liang said, “Is the general’s ambition to make handicrafts?”? Liu Bei threw a yak’s tail aside in his hand. What are these words? Chat to forget your worries. Zhuge Liang said, General, think about Liu Zhennan – who is Liu Zhennan? Liu Biao was the general of Zhennan at that time, so he was referred to as Liu Zhennan for short. Zhuge Liang said, General, is Liu Zhennan comparable to Cao Cao? Liu Bei said that’s not comparable. Zhuge Liang asked again, “Is General yourself comparable to Cao Cao?”? Liu Bei said that’s not comparable. Zhuge Liang said, “Liu Zhennan is not as good as Cao Cao, and General, you are not as good as Cao Cao. Are you just sitting in Jingzhou waiting to die?”? Are you waiting for someone to slaughter you? Liu Bei said, “Oh, I’m worried too, there’s no way!”! Zhuge Liang gave him an idea and said, “What’s the problem with Jingzhou now?”? “There are many refugees from the north who have escaped, but none of them have registered with the household registration system. If they are not our household registration system, the government does not have control over their human and financial resources. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate these people and give them registered with the household registration system. If you pay taxes and taxes, you should contribute. If you should perform military service, you should perform military service, and Jingzhou will be strong.”.
