＊根据《三国志·魏延传》的记载，魏延既没有谋反的实力，也不合乎谋反的逻辑，实际上是魏延和杨仪两个人的内讧。而事实上，魏延是蜀汉名将，智勇双全；杨仪是蜀汉文臣，很有才华。两个人一文一武，关联不大，怎么会闹出这么大的事来呢？魏延和杨仪的矛盾从何而来？
说起来大家可能要笑，没什么，什么事都没有。很简单，就是魏延这个人在当时蜀汉方面是最牛的，大概也就是在诸葛亮面前他可能收敛一点，在其他人任何人面前都是趾高气扬，因为他本事大、功劳大，把谁都不放在眼里。那么其他的人也因为这个原因对魏延也是客客气气，让他三分，魏延要跋扈一下，人家就让一让。只有一个人不肯让，就是杨仪。杨仪可能是一个书生，他还是有点书生意气，我凭什么就给你这个武夫让三分呢？偏不让。于是魏延就恨得不得了，居然就你这小子不把我放在眼里。于是两个人势同水火，水火不容，水火不容到了什么程度呢？两个人不能坐在一起说话，坐在一起说话就要吵，每次随便提到什么问题两个人就要争，争论到激烈的时候魏延就把刀拔出来，然后就在杨仪的脸上比划；杨仪就痛哭流涕，《三国志》的说法叫做“泣涕横集”，就是眼泪鼻涕横着满脸都是，哭得五花六道，泪人似的。这个时候只有谁能够止住呢，费祎，费祎这个时候就赶快坐到他们两个当中去，走开走开，不吵不吵……闹成这样。那么魏延又为什么这么牛呢？因为他是刘备生前非常器重和赏识的人。当年刘备征汉中，拿下汉中以后在汉中称王，称完王以后刘备撤军回成都，要留一个人守汉中。这个时候所有人都认为要留的是张飞，刘关张刘关张嘛，关羽这个时候已经分兵守荆州了，那么现在又得了一块地方要守，当然最可靠的是张飞去守嘛。结果刘备破格提拔使用魏延，结果一军皆惊，所有人都吃惊了。刘备也知道大家是不回服魏延的，于是大会群臣，会上刘备就对魏延说了，寡人——这个时候刘备已经称王了嘛，寡人把重任交给了魏将军，魏将军打算怎么做呀？魏延站起来说，如果他曹操倾巢而出，魏延愿意为大王挡住他，拒之；如果曹操派一个偏将军率十万人马来进攻汉中，魏延愿意为大王吃了他，吞之。好大的气派，他当然牛嘛。问题是杨仪，杨仪也不是窝囊废啊，杨仪也是很能干的。诸葛亮北伐的时候进行规划，筹集军粮，进行计算统计，安排部署，这样一些事务性的工作都是杨仪在做。而且杨仪非常快，他就不假思索，斯须便了，一会儿功夫他的工作就办完了。所以诸葛亮对于魏延和杨仪这两个人都是很赏识的，他非常欣赏杨仪的才干，也非常欣赏魏延的骁勇。偏偏魏延和杨仪他两个又是死对头，所以诸葛亮也头疼，叫做“常恨二人之不平”，也没有办法，这两个人谁都不能废掉，只好是尽量地让他们团结起来。但是他们不团结，最后闹到你死我活的这种地步。
According to the records in “The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms – Biography of Wei Yan”, Wei Yan had neither the strength nor the logic of rebellion. In fact, it was an internal conflict between Wei Yan and Yang Yi. In fact, Wei Yan is a famous general of the Shu Han Dynasty, with both wisdom and courage; Yang Yi is a literary minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, very talented. “Two people, one literary and one martial arts, are not closely related. How could such a big thing have happened?”? Where did the contradiction between Wei Yan and Yang Yi come from?
Everyone may want to laugh when it comes to it. It’s nothing, nothing. Quite simply, Wei Yan was the most outstanding person in the Shu Han Dynasty at that time, which probably meant that he might have restrained himself a bit in front of Zhuge Liang and swaggered in front of everyone else because of his great abilities and contributions, and he ignored everyone. “Then other people are also polite to Wei Yan for this reason. If Wei Yan wants to be domineering, they will give way.”. Only one person refused to let go, Yang Yi. Yang Yi may be a scholar, but he is still a bit of a scholar. Why should I give you three points as a martial artist? I won’t let you down. So Wei Yan hated it so much that you, the only kid, didn’t take me seriously. “So the two of them have the same potential as water and fire, and water and fire are incompatible. To what extent is water and fire incompatible?”? “Two people cannot sit and talk together, and when they sit and talk together, they argue. Every time they casually raise any issue, they argue. When the argument gets heated, Wei Yan pulls out his knife and then gestures on Yang Yi’s face.”; Yang Yi wept bitterly. The phrase in “The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms” is called “The Collection of Weeping Tears”, which means that tears and snots are all over her face, crying like tears. “At this moment, who can stop it? Fei Yi, Fei Yi, at this moment, quickly sit between the two of them, go away, don’t make any noise… it’s like this.”. So why is Wei Yan so arrogant? Because he was a person Liu Bei highly valued and appreciated during his lifetime. In those years, Liu Bei conquered Hanzhong and claimed the title of king in Hanzhong. After claiming the title of king, Liu Bei withdrew and returned to Chengdu, leaving one person to defend Hanzhong. At this time, everyone thought it was Zhang Fei who wanted to stay, Liu Guan, Zhang Guan, and Zhang Guan. Guan Yu had already divided his forces to defend Jingzhou at this time, so now he has another piece of land to defend. Of course, the most reliable thing is that Zhang Fei should guard it. As a result, Liu Bei made an exception and promoted Wei Yan. As a result, all the troops were surprised, and everyone was surprised. Liu Bei also knew that everyone would not surrender to Wei Yan, so at the meeting of the ministers, Liu Bei told Wei Yan, “I am already the king at this time. I have entrusted the important task to General Wei. What is General Wei planning to do?”? Wei Yan stood up and said, “If Cao Cao comes out, Wei Yan is willing to block him for the king and refuse him.”; If Cao Cao sends a partial general and leads 100000 Malays to attack Hanzhong, Wei Yan is willing to eat him and swallow it for the king. What a great demeanor! Of course he is a bull. The problem is that Yang Yi is not a coward, either. Yang Yi is also very capable. During Zhuge Liang’s Northern Expedition, Yang Yi was responsible for planning, collecting military rations, conducting calculations and statistics, and arranging deployments. Moreover, Yang Yi was very quick, so he took it easy without thinking. In a moment, his work was completed. Therefore, Zhuge Liang was very appreciative of both Wei Yan and Yang Yi. He greatly appreciated Yang Yi’s talent and Wei Yan’s bravery. However, Wei Yan and Yang Yi are also bitter rivals, so Zhuge Liang also has a headache, which is called “often hating the injustice between them”. There is no way out, and neither of them can be abolished. Instead, he has to try to unite them as much as possible. But they didn’t unite and ended up fighting like this.
＊从前面的分析来看，魏延与杨仪的矛盾由来已久，魏延狂妄，杨仪自负，两人是难容水火，以至于发展到内讧，最后以魏延的彻底失败而告终。就这样，一代名将魏延身死族灭，不能不说这是一个悲剧。那么接下来的问题是，魏延一案到底是谁的负责呢？
历史学家的看法，多半倾向于是杨仪的责任，理由有四点。第一点叫做杨仪“以私愤杀大将，罪浮于延”，就是杨仪出于个人的恩怨，杀了这样一员大将，他的罪比魏延的罪还大。第二点，魏延功不可没，“夷其三族，亦太甚矣”。就是魏延毕竟是一个对蜀汉政权立下汗马功劳的这样一个大将，有大功，无大错，蒙大冤，遭大诬，诸灭三族这个事情太过分了。魏延当然有错误，你不服从命令抢先南下，你还把杨仪的后路断掉了，这都是魏延的问题；但是量刑不当，处分重了，处分这么重完全是杨仪的原因。第三点，杀人不过头点地，你杨仪把魏延一家都杀了，你还用脚去踩他的脑袋，这个事情太过分了。第四点他们认为，你杨仪说魏延谋反，你自己也不是什么好东西。因为杨仪撤回成都以后是非常得意的，他认为第一个他把丞相留下来的军队安全地带回来了，他还把一个反贼给杀了，那这应该怎么样一下吧！谁知道没有怎么样，接替诸葛亮职务的是蒋琬。而蒋琬呢，他在官场的资格他是比杨仪低的，杨仪原来的官是比蒋琬大的，蒋琬提拔到他上面去了，而且能力、水平杨仪都觉得蒋琬不如自己。那么蒋琬上去了，杨仪挂起来，弄了个闲职，相当于调研员之类的，反正是给了他一个职务，但是没有任何权力，也没有军队的。所以杨仪牢骚满腹，整天气哼哼的，见了所有人都是没有好脸色，朝廷当中所有人也不敢跟杨仪说话。只有费祎跑去安慰他，这个杨仪就大发牢骚，然后就把这个事情的前前后后絮絮叨叨婆婆妈妈讲了一大堆，讲给费祎听，最后他提出来说：早知道这样的话，我还不如跟着魏延一块儿，造反算了。那么费祎就把这个话如实报告给朝廷，朝廷就把杨仪罢了官。那么杨仪还不安分，他就在流放的地方他又继续发牢骚，诽谤朝廷。结果朝廷下命令，把杨仪抓起来，杨仪自杀了。所以杨仪和魏延窝里斗的结果，是两败俱伤。所以很多人倾向于认为，此案由杨仪负责。而且杨仪说的那个话，也证明了魏延不想谋反。因为杨仪说早知如此我还不如跟着魏延，他没说跟着魏延干什么，他说我还不如跟着魏延；那如果魏延是谋反的话，杨仪不是说我后悔不谋反吗，也不会这样说的，这证明魏延确实没有谋反。但是杨仪也有委屈啊，我得给杨仪说两句公道话。杨仪的委屈在哪呢？第一，杨仪和魏延之争是个人恩怨，不是原则问题，不是路线问题。个人恩怨你就不大好说谁是谁非，对吧。第二点，杨仪之所以得罪魏延，无非是不肯让魏延，无非是保持自己一点独立性，这又有什么错呢？难道非得所有人都去拍魏延的马屁就对了，都让着魏延就对了？蜀汉就是有这个问题，开始的时候大家都让着关羽，好嘛，荆州丢了嘛，你现在又要提倡让着魏延？不能这样。第三点呢，实事求是，平心而论，杨仪和魏延闹矛盾，受欺负的是杨仪。魏延动不动就把刀拔出来在人家脸上晃，杨仪好歹也是个大男人，哭得五花六道像个泪人一样的，你说他心里什么滋味？他最后为什么要那样对待魏延，积怨太深了。最重要的是第四点，杨仪是执行命令，是诸葛亮要他这么做的，是诸葛亮清清楚楚地交待他：“魏延断后，姜维次之。若延或不从命，军便自发。”是诸葛亮交待清楚的，而且预料到魏延是不服从命令的。那么杨仪有什么错呢？杨仪执行诸葛亮的命令，魏延不执行，杨仪不该向朝廷汇报吗？魏延告他谋反，他不该告魏延谋反吗？魏延把他的后路都断掉了，让他回不了家，他不该去追魏延吗？这你不能说杨仪不对啊。那照这么说，不是杨仪不对，那就是魏延不对喽，因为我们中国人喜欢反正一打起来总归有一方，这方对了那方就是不对的，喜欢这种思维。我现在就是在纠正这种思维方式，魏延也对。魏延怎么也对呢？魏延说得很清楚，丞相虽然去世了，魏延还在啊，难道魏延就不能带兵继续北伐吗？为什么要因为一个人的死耽误天下人的事呢？这话说得对不对啊，不对吗？
＊根据前面的分析，魏延谋反一案，杨仪是心胸狭窄，以个人恩怨报复魏延，后来落了一个竹篮打水一场空的下场。易中天先生认为，杨仪是有责任的，但同时他也很委屈，他的做法有他不得已的理由。那么既然杨仪的做法是对的，易中天先生为什么还说魏延的做法也是对的呢？如果魏延是对的，那到底是谁的不对呢？
From the previous analysis, the conflict between Wei Yan and Yang Yi has a long history. Wei Yan is arrogant and Yang Yi is conceited. The two people are unable to tolerate fire and water, leading to internal strife, which ultimately ends in Wei Yan’s complete failure. In this way, the death of a famous general, Wei Yan, cannot but be said to be a tragedy. The next question is, who is responsible for the Wei Yan case?
Historians tend to view Yang Yi’s responsibility for four reasons. The first point is called Yang Yi’s “killing a senior general with personal anger, and the sin floats over delay.” This is because Yang Yi killed such a senior general out of personal gratitude and resentment, and his sin is greater than Wei Yan’s. The second point is that Wei Yangong cannot be ignored. “The three ethnic groups of the Yi people are also too serious.”. After all, Wei Yan is such a general who has made great contributions to the Shu Han regime. He has made great contributions, made no major mistakes, was wronged, and was severely framed. The matter of exterminating the three ethnic groups is too excessive. Of course, Wei Yan made a mistake. You disobeyed orders and rushed south first, and you also cut off Yang Yi’s back path. This is all Wei Yan’s problem; However, the punishment was improper and the punishment was heavy, which was entirely the reason for Yang Yi. Third, it’s not too much to kill. You killed the Wei Yan family by Yang Yi, and you stepped on his head with your feet. This is too much. Fourth, they believe that if Yang Yi says Wei Yan conspires against him, you are not a good person yourself. Because Yang Yi was very proud after he withdrew to Chengdu. He thought he was the first to bring back the army left by the Prime Minister safely, and he also killed a rebel. So what should this be! Who knows what happened? Jiang Wan took over from Zhuge Liang. As for Jiang Wan, his qualifications in the officialdom are lower than Yang Yi’s. Yang Yi’s former official was larger than Jiang Wan, and Jiang Wan was promoted to him. Moreover, Yang Yi feels that Jiang Wan is inferior to him in terms of ability and level. So Jiang Wan went up, and Yang Yi hung up and got a casual position, equivalent to a researcher or something. Anyway, he was given a position, but he had no power or army. So Yang Yi was full of complaints and groaning all day long. Seeing everyone, he didn’t look good, and everyone in the court dared not speak to Yang Yi. Only Fei Yi ran to comfort him, and Yang Yi became very grumpy. Then she told Fei Yi a lot about the whole thing, and finally he suggested, “If I had known that, I might as well have followed Wei Yan and rebelled.”. Then Fei Yi truthfully reported this to the court, which dismissed Yang Yi as an official. So Yang Yi is still restless, and he is in exile. He continues to complain and slander the court. As a result, the court ordered Yang Yi to be arrested, and Yang Yi committed suicide. Therefore, the result of Yang Yi and Wei Yan’s infighting was that both sides were hurt. Therefore, many people tend to believe that Yang Yi is responsible for this case. Moreover, what Yang Yi said also proves that Wei Yan did not want to conspire. Because Yang Yi said that if I had known this earlier, I might as well follow Wei Yan. He didn’t say what to do with Wei Yan, but he said that I might as well follow Wei Yan; “If Wei Yan had conspired, wouldn’t Yang Yi have said that I regret not conspiring, and wouldn’t have said so, which proves that Wei Yan did not indeed conspire.”. But Yang Yi also has grievances. I have to give Yang Yi two fair words. Where is Yang Yi’s grievance? First, the dispute between Yang Yi and Wei Yan is a personal grievance, not a matter of principle or line. It’s not easy for you to say who’s right or wrong when it comes to personal gratitude or resentment, is it. Secondly, the reason why Yang Yi offended Wei Yan was simply that she refused to let Wei Yan and maintained a little independence. What was wrong with that? Is it necessary for everyone to flatter Wei Yan and let Wei Yan go? Shu Han had this problem. At the beginning, everyone gave way to Guan Yu. Okay, did Jingzhou lose it? Are you advocating giving way to Wei Yan now? It can’t be like this. The third point is to seek truth from facts and to be fair, Yang Yi and Wei Yan are in conflict, and it is Yang Yi who is being bullied. Wei Yan pulled out his knife and shook it in someone’s face. Yang Yi was at least a big man, crying like a tearful person. What do you think he felt like? Why did he finally treat Wei Yan like that? The accumulated resentment is too deep. The most important thing is the fourth point. Yang Yi executed the command. It was Zhuge Liang who asked him to do so. It was Zhuge Liang who clearly explained to him, “After Wei Yan was cut off, Jiang Wei took the second place. If he delayed or did not obey, the army would spontaneously.” It was Zhuge Liang who made it clear and expected that Wei Yan would not obey the command. So what’s wrong with Yang Yi? Yang Yi executed Zhuge Liang’s order, but Wei Yan did not. Shouldn’t Yang Yi report to the court? Wei Yan accused him of conspiracy. Shouldn’t he accuse Wei Yan of conspiracy? Wei Yan has cut off all his back roads, making it impossible for him to return home. Shouldn’t he go after Wei Yan? You can’t say that Yang Yi is wrong. According to this, either Yang Yi or Wei Yan is wrong, because we Chinese people like that there is always one side to a fight, and if one side is right, the other is wrong. We like this kind of thinking. I am now correcting this way of thinking, and Wei Yan is also right. Why is Wei Yan also right? Wei Yan made it very clear that although the Prime Minister had passed away, Wei Yan was still there. Could Wei Yan not lead the troops to continue the Northern Expedition? Why should one’s death delay the affairs of the world? Is that right, isn’t it?
According to the previous analysis, in the case of Wei Yanmou’s rebellion, Yang Yi was narrow-minded and retaliated against Wei Yan with personal grievances. Later, he ended up with nothing. Mr. Yi Zhongtian believes that Yang Yi is responsible, but at the same time he is also very aggrieved, and his actions have compelling reasons. So since Yang Yi’s approach was correct, why did Mr. Yi Zhongtian still say that Wei Yan’s approach was also correct? If Wei Yan is right, whose fault is it?
