根据《三国志·魏延传》裴松之注引《魏略》，诸葛亮还下了一道命令。这道命令是给魏延的，给魏延的一道密令，让魏延代理自己的职务，“令延摄行己事，密持丧去。”就是说魏延你代理我的职务，你扶丧回成都。这就麻烦了，谁都听得出来，这样一看责任就追到了诸葛亮的身上。你下两道命令哪，一道命令让杨仪代理你的职务，不要管魏延；一道命令你下给魏延，要魏延代你的职务，不要管杨仪，你什么意思啊？不就是你存心要让他们两个打起来吗？所以就有历史学家说，魏延的冤案是诸葛亮一手策划；不但一手策划魏延的冤案，还一手策划杨仪的悲剧，对不对？因为你死的时候又秘密上书给朝廷说蒋琬接替自己的职务，把杨仪给晾了。所以有历史学家问，以你诸葛亮的崇高威望，你生前为什么不公开秘密？你为什么不把这些都公布出来？你一公布出来以后不就天下太平了吗？为什么？那么我的看法是，《魏略》的说法不可靠，我们先给诸葛亮把这个污给他洗掉，加在诸葛亮身上这个污先给他洗掉。为什么《魏略》不可靠呢？裴松之已经讲了，他说：“松之以为，此盖敌国传闻之言。”是敌人那边的传说，这是靠不住的。而且你说要魏延密持丧去是不可能的，因为魏延不在诸葛亮旁边，诸葛亮的遗体是在杨仪那儿的，魏延怎么可以奉诸葛亮的灵柩往南走呢？不可能的。而且这段记录说，魏延到了南谷口以后，杨仪告魏延说魏延准备向北投降曹操，那不可能，他投降曹操往北走，他怎么往南走呢？所以《魏略》这个记载不可靠。也因此说，不能说诸葛亮一手策划了这样一个冤案，这是不能成立的。但是，《三国志·魏延传》的记载可不可靠呢？《魏延传》可是明明白白记载了这样一条诸葛亮的遗令：“魏延断后，姜维次之。若延或不从命，军便自发。”那这个命令也有问题啊，是告诉杨仪这些人不要管魏延，把魏延扔那儿啊，扔在战场上，让他自己打曹魏去，咱回家。这个命令，为什么会发这样一个命令呢？三种解释。第一种解释说诸葛亮料定魏延必反，此人背后不是有反骨吗，他会看相看出来了。谁说的？《三国演义》。靠得住吗？靠不住，小说家言别当了真。第二种说法呢，那就是张作耀先生的说法，张作耀先生的《刘备传》说，就是要策划魏延的谋反案，要逼反魏延，除掉魏延。第三种说法，是吕思勉先生、陈迩冬先生的说法，是什么呢？是《三国志·魏延传》的这个记载根本就不是真相。这两位先生认为当时的真相是什么呢？是诸葛亮得了急病，什么病我们当然不知道，但是根据诸葛亮当时的一些情况来看，他还属准备带兵北伐的，没想到自己要生病的。突然病了，什么都没交待，来不及。结果，杨仪、费祎、姜维啊这几个人一嘀咕说，这魏延肯定不听我们的，我们就怎么怎么着吧。因此是杨仪、姜维、费祎等人假传丞相遗命，是假的。那么这个有没有可能呢？还是有可能的，因为说实在的，这个三国史啊，真是非常难研究。我们前面讲过了，光是马谡一个下场，同一个人陈寿，同一本书《三国志》，三种说法，你说哪个是真的？这种时候，权力交替的时候，新接权的人他完全可以做手脚。而且三国你知道，蜀国是没有史官的，就没有国家档案馆的。那你不能像研究现代史一样，国家档案馆，七十年后解密，你把当时的秘密文件拿来看一下，真相大白了，不可能的。所以他们假传丞相遗命也是有可能的。但是我们现在就面临着这样一个非常困难的选择：赞成《三国演义》的说法说诸葛亮下这道命令是料定魏延要谋反，你这是冤枉了魏延；赞成《三国志·魏延传》的说法承认诸葛亮下了这道命令，我们又得批判诸葛亮；如果赞成吕思勉先生、陈迩冬先生的说法说《魏延传》的说法不是历史真相，我们要否定陈寿。请大家想想该怎么办呢？难道就没有可以讲得通的、谁也不冤枉的第四种说法吗？关于第四种说法，请看下集——以攻为守。
According to the “Wei Lue” cited by Pei Songzhi in the “Records of the Three Kingdoms – Biography of Wei Yan”, Zhuge Liang also issued an order. This order is for Wei Yan. It is a secret order for Wei Yan to act as his own official. “Tell Wei Yan to take charge of his own affairs and go to the funeral in secret.” That is to say, Wei Yan, you act as my official and help the funeral back to Chengdu. “This is troublesome, and everyone can hear it. At first glance, the responsibility falls on Zhuge Liang.”. Do you have two orders? One is to let Yang Yi act for you, leaving Wei Yan alone; An order has been issued to Wei Yan to replace you with Yang Yi. What do you mean? Aren’t you just trying to get the two of them to fight? Therefore, some historians say that the unjust case of Wei Yan was planned by Zhuge Liang; Not only did they plan the unjust case of Wei Yan, but also planned the tragedy of Yang Yi, right? “Because when you died, you secretly wrote a letter to the court saying that Jiang Wan would take over his position and put Yang Yi to the air.”. So a historian asked, “With your lofty reputation as Zhuge Liang, why didn’t you disclose secrets during your lifetime?”? Why don’t you publish all this? Isn’t there peace in the world as soon as you publish it? Why? In my opinion, the statement in “Wei Lue” is not reliable. Let’s first wash the dirt off Zhuge Liang and then wash the dirt off Zhuge Liang’s body. Why is Wei Lue unreliable? Pei Songzhi has already spoken, and he said, “Songzhi believes that this is a rumor from the enemy’s country.” It is a legend from the enemy’s side, which is unreliable. And you said it was impossible for Wei Yan to go to the funeral because Wei Yan was not beside Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Liang’s body was at Yang Yi’s. How could Wei Yan go south with Zhuge Liang’s coffin? impossible. And this record says that after Wei Yan arrived at Nangukou, Yang Yi told Wei Yan that Wei Yan was ready to surrender to Cao Cao north. That’s impossible. He surrendered to Cao Cao and headed north. How could he go south? Therefore, the record of “Wei Lue” is not reliable. Therefore, it cannot be said that Zhuge Liang masterminded such a unjust case, which cannot be established. However, is the record in “Records of the Three Kingdoms, Biography of Wei Yan” unreliable? “The Biography of Wei Yan” clearly records such a legacy of Zhuge Liang: “After Wei Yan’s demise, Jiang Wei takes the second place. If he delays or fails to comply, the army will spontaneously.” Then there is a problem with this command. It is to tell Yang Yi and other people not to interfere with Wei Yan, leave Wei Yan there, and let him fight Cao Wei himself on the battlefield. Let’s go home. “. Why did you issue such a command? Three interpretations. The first explanation is that Zhuge Liang predicted that Wei Yan would be rebellious. Isn’t there a skeleton behind this person? He will see it through his eyes. Who said that? Three Kingdoms Is it reliable? I can’t rely on it. The novelist said don’t take it seriously. The second statement is that of Mr. Zhang Zuoyao. According to Mr. Zhang Zuoyao’s “Biography of Liu Bei”, it is to plan a rebellion against Wei Yan, force him to oppose him, and eliminate him. The third statement is from Mr. Lv Simian and Mr. Chen Wandong. What is it? The record in “The Three Kingdoms Annals of Wei Yan” is not the truth at all. What do these two gentlemen think was the truth at the time? “It was Zhuge Liang who had an acute illness. Of course, we don’t know what kind of illness he had, but according to some of Zhuge Liang’s circumstances at that time, he was still preparing to lead the army in the Northern Expedition, and he didn’t expect to get sick.”. I suddenly fell ill and didn’t explain anything. It was too late. As a result, Yang Yi, Fei Yi, and Jiang Wei muttered, “Wei Yan certainly won’t listen to us. Let’s do what we can.”. Therefore, it was Yang Yi, Jiang Wei, Fei Yi, and others who falsely passed on the Prime Minister’s death order, which was false. So is this possible? It’s still possible, because to be honest, the history of the Three Kingdoms is really difficult to study. As we mentioned earlier, just Ma Su ended up alone, the same person Chen Shou, and the same book “Three Kingdoms”. Which of the three statements are true? At such times, when power changes, the new person who takes over the power can completely manipulate it. And the Three Kingdoms, as you know, there are no historians in Shu, so there is no national archives. “Then you can’t study modern history like the National Archives, which will decrypt it 70 years later. If you take a look at the secret documents at that time, the truth will come to light. It’s impossible.”. Therefore, it is also possible for them to falsely pass on the death order of the Prime Minister. However, we are now facing a very difficult choice: in favor of the statement in “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms”, it is said that Zhuge Liang issued this order in anticipation of Wei Yan’s rebellion, and you have wronged Wei Yan; Agreeing with the statement in “The Three Kingdoms Annals of Wei Yan” acknowledges that Zhuge Liang issued this order, and we have to criticize Zhuge Liang; If we agree with the statements made by Mr. Lv Simian and Mr. Chen Wandong that the statement in “The Biography of Wei Yan” is not a historical truth, we should deny Chen Shou. Please think about what to do? Isn’t there a fourth statement that can make sense and that no one is wrong? For the fourth statement, please see the next episode – “Taking offense as defense.”.
