※他曾经叱咤风云，他死后骂名最多。在演义中，为什么他是白脸的奸臣？在历史的记载中，为什么他的所作所为自相矛盾？他是奸贼，是奸雄，还是英雄？众多说法不一的形象中，哪一个是真实的曹操？《易中天品三国之真假曹操》即将播出，敬请关注！
※ He used to dominate the world, and after his death, he was the most notorious. Why is he a white-faced traitor in the drama? In historical records, why does his actions contradict each other? Is he a traitor, a traitor, or a hero? Among the many images with different opinions, which one is the real Cao Cao? “Yi Zhong Tian Pin: True or False Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms” will be broadcast soon, please pay attention!
※在上一集中，易中天先生认为，任何历史人物都有三种形象：历史形象、文学形象和民间形象。而三国中，形象最复杂、分歧最多的当属曹操。从北宋的时候，人们谈起曹操，就非常痛恨。到了《三国演义》里面，曹操更是被看作是一个谋权篡位的奸臣。那么，历史上的曹操究竟是一个什么形象呢？厦门大学易中天教授用当代视角回顾三国史料，他心目中的曹操究竟是什么形象呢？
In the previous episode, Mr. Yi Zhongtian believed that any historical figure has three types of images: historical images, literary images, and folk images. Among the three kingdoms, the most complex and divergent image is Cao Cao. From the Northern Song Dynasty, people spoke of Cao Cao and hated him very much. In “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms”, Cao Cao is even more regarded as a traitor who seeks power and usurps power. So, what was the image of Cao Cao in history? Professor Yi Zhongtian of Xiamen University reviews the historical data of the Three Kingdoms from a contemporary perspective. What image is Cao Cao in his mind?
易中天：
今天我们讲曹操，讲三国是不可能不讲曹操的，所谓三国就是魏蜀吴嘛，而魏的开国皇帝实际上是曹操。当然曹操在位的时候没有称帝，是他死了以后他儿子曹丕才称帝，追认他为魏武帝，但可以肯定曹操是魏的实际上的开创者。曹操这个人在历史上的名声不太好，客气的说法叫奸雄，不客气的说法叫奸贼，但是鲁迅先生说，曹操其实是一个有本事的人，至少是一个英雄。我虽然不是曹操一党，但非常佩服他。鲁迅先生可以说是近代以来第一个为曹操翻案的人，这样一来对曹操就有了三种评价——英雄、奸雄、奸贼，那么哪一个评价是准确的呢？
Yi Zhongtian:
Today, when we talk about Cao Cao, it is impossible not to talk about the Three Kingdoms without mentioning Cao Cao. The so-called Three Kingdoms are Wei, Shu, and Wu, while the founding emperor of Wei is actually Cao Cao. Of course, when Cao Cao was in power, he did not claim the title of Emperor. It was only after his death that his son Cao Pi became Emperor and recognized him as Emperor Wu of Wei. However, it is certain that Cao Cao was the actual founder of Wei. Cao Cao’s reputation in history is not very good. In polite terms, he is called a traitor, while in unkind terms, he is called a traitor. However, Mr. Lu Xun said that Cao Cao is actually a capable person, at least a hero. Although I am not a member of Cao Cao’s party, I admire him very much. Mr. Lu Xun can be said to be the first person to overturn the case for Cao Cao in modern times. As a result, there are three evaluations of Cao Cao – heroes, traitors, and thieves. Which evaluation is accurate?
但是当我们弄清楚曹操的历史形象的时候，我们又发现了一个问题，就是这个历史形象它也不是那么好弄清楚的。比方说，民间都说曹操奸，很多人不喜欢曹操。苏东坡就讲到，在北宋的时候，民间有很多讲史的，就是说书的，说三国，一说到刘备失败，听众就痛哭流涕；一说到曹操失败了，大家拍手称快。那么说明至少在北宋的时候，曹操就是一个不讨人喜欢的人。那么曹操为什么不讨人喜欢呢？他又干了些什么不讨人喜欢的事呢？那么也无非是三条：
However, when we made clear the historical image of Cao Cao, we found another problem, that is, the historical image is not so easy to understand. For example, people say that Cao Cao is a traitor, and many people don’t like him. Su Dongpo mentioned that in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were many folk history tellers, namely storytellers, who spoke of the Three Kingdoms. When Liu Bei’s failure was mentioned, the audience wept bitterly; When it comes to Cao Cao’s failure, everyone applauds. So at least in the Northern Song Dynasty, Cao Cao was an unattractive person. So why doesn’t Cao Cao please people? What did he do that was not pleasing? So there are no more than three:
一个是曹操这个人为人奸诈。但是这个不能算数，因为兵不厌诈嘛，打仗的人总是要诈它一诈的，不过你说敌人你就说他是奸诈狡猾，说自己就叫足智多谋，实际上一回事，兵不厌诈。
One is that Cao Cao is a man of deceit. “But this cannot be counted, because war is not weary of deceit, and those who fight always try to deceive them. However, when you say the enemy, you call him treacherous and cunning, and when you say yourself resourceful, in fact, war is not weary of deceit.”.
第二件事情呢说他篡汉。这个事情跟我们没有关系，这个王朝的皇帝为什么一定要姓刘呢，为什么就不能姓曹呢？说这个姓曹的代替姓刘的就是奸，这个说不过去。
The second thing is that he usurped the Han Dynasty. This matter has nothing to do with us. Why must the emperors of this dynasty have the surname Liu, and why can’t they have the surname Cao? Saying that the person surnamed Cao replaces the person surnamed Liu is a traitor cannot be justified.
那么最为民间所不满意的是曹操说了这样一句话：宁肯我负天下人，不可天下人负我。所以一个人宁肯自己对不起普天下的人，也不能让天下的人对不起自己，这个人就太坏了，所以老百姓讨厌曹操。那么我们就要搞清楚这个事情是事实，还是不是事实；如果不是事实，那岂不是一桩冤案吗；如果是冤案的话，我们岂不是就该给曹操平反吗。那么这个事情史书上的记载是矛盾的，大体上是这样一个故事：就是曹操因为董卓要迫害他，曹操从京城里逃出来，路过了他一个老朋友家，这个老朋友的名字叫吕伯奢，曹操到吕伯奢家里的时候吕伯奢本人不在，于是就发生了曹操杀吕伯奢一家的惨案。
The most unsatisfactory thing for the people is that Cao Cao said this sentence: “It is better for me to defeat the people of the world than for them to defeat me.”. “So a person would rather feel sorry for the people of the world than let them feel sorry for themselves. This person is too bad, so the common people hate Cao Cao.”. Then we must make sure whether this matter is a fact or not; If it were not a fact, wouldn’t it be a miscarriage of justice; If it’s a miscarriage, shouldn’t we bring justice to Cao Cao. The historical records of this event are contradictory, and generally it is a story like this: Cao Cao escaped from the capital because Dong Zhuo wanted to persecute him. He passed by an old friend’s house, whose name was Lv Boshe. When Cao Cao arrived at Lv Boshe’s house, Lv Boshe himself was not there, and the tragic case of Cao Cao killing Lv Boshe’s family occurred.
※曹操为什么不讨人喜欢：
曹操为人奸诈
曹操篡汉
宁肯我负天下人
不可天下人负我
※ Why Cao Cao is not liked:
Cao Cao is treacherous
Cao Cao usurps the Han Dynasty
I would rather be responsible for the world
No one in the world can blame me
