刘备这样说，是有意施压呢，还是无心失言？是真心相托呢，还是预设圈套？这个问题，只有一个人能回答，他就是刘备。只有他自己心里清楚，后世的任何解释都是猜测，包括陈寿，包括孙盛，包括王夫之，包括张作耀，也包括其他的人，包括我，都只能猜测。那么既然都是猜测，那么谁的猜测可能会准一点呢？那我们要弄清楚刘备是什么人？刘备是帝王，最懂得帝王心思的人是什么人？也是帝王。所以康熙皇帝的观点就值得注意了，康熙皇帝对刘备托孤之词的判断是什么呢？三个字：“猜疑语”，他说这是一段猜疑的话。而康熙皇帝说，刘备为什么会说这种猜疑语呢？康熙认为这是三国时代的陋习，他说三国时代的人都是不说真话的，都是喜欢讲一些猜疑、诡诈啊这些话。最后他用两个字表示他的鄙视：“鄙哉”。
那么康熙的这个说法也只是一家之言，我认为刘备这个说法倒不是什么三国陋习，而是帝王心思。我们要明白一点，就是不管刘备和诸葛亮君臣关系好到什么程度，他也是君臣关系，他变不了我们现代人与人之间的关系。一个帝王对自己的丞相再信任，他也是君主，他们的头脑里都有个根深蒂固的观念，就是自己的江山，尤其是像刘备这样的开国皇帝，他的江山是自己打下来的，我打下来的江山是绝不肯让给别人的，我是一定要传给儿子和孙子的。包括刘备，包括孙策这样还没有当皇帝的，但是实际上也是一个君主的人，都是这种思想。
Is Liu Bei saying this intentionally exerting pressure or unintentionally making a slip of tongue? Is it sincere trust or a preset trap? There is only one person who can answer this question, Liu Bei. Only he knew in his own heart that any explanation in later generations would be speculation, including Chen Shou, Sun Sheng, Wang Fuzhi, Zhang Zuoyao, and others, including me, who could only guess. So since it’s all speculation, whose guess might be more accurate? So we need to find out who Liu Bei is? Liu Bei is an emperor. Who knows the emperor’s thoughts best? He is also an emperor. Therefore, the viewpoint of Emperor Kangxi is worth noting. What was Emperor Kangxi’s judgment on Liu Bei’s words of supporting orphans? Three words: “Suspicious words,” he said it was a suspicious passage. Emperor Kangxi said, “Why did Liu Bei speak such suspicious language?”? Kangxi believed that this was a bad habit in the Three Kingdoms era. He said that people in the Three Kingdoms era did not tell the truth, and they all liked to talk suspiciously and deceitfully. Finally, he expressed his contempt in two words: “despicable.”.
So Kangxi’s statement is just a family statement. I think Liu Bei’s statement is not a bad habit of the Three Kingdoms, but the emperor’s mind. We should understand that no matter how good the relationship between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang is, he is also a relationship between monarchs and ministers, and he cannot change the relationship between modern people. An emperor trusts his prime minister again, and he is also a monarch. They all have a deep-rooted idea in their minds, that is, their own rivers and mountains, especially those of founding emperors such as Liu Bei. His rivers and mountains were created by themselves, and the rivers and mountains I created will never be ceded to others. I must pass them on to my sons and grandchildren. Those who have not yet become emperors, including Liu Bei and Sun Ce, but are in fact also monarchs, share this idea.
但是不幸的是，他们两个去世的时候自己的子弟还很年幼，孙权18岁，刘禅17岁，按照古人二十而冠的这样一个观点，叫做未成年人。未成年人年纪轻轻的就出来当主子，手下的那些人都是身经百战的老臣、大将，他镇得住吗？如果他镇不住，他们即将离开人世的父亲和兄长能放心吗？放心不下。放心不下没有办法，就只有托孤。那么托孤你选择的人必须具备三个条件：第一要关系好，第二要威望高，第三要能力强。关系不好，你不敢托给他；关系好，威望不够、能力不强，你托给他不中用啊。但是谁在做这个事情的时候都会想，他威望又高，能力又强，他就不会取而代之吗？将心比心，他必定会产生这种疑问。我在前面的节目里已经讲了，刘备和诸葛亮都是非同寻常的人，刘备是潜龙，诸葛亮是卧龙，这两条龙在一起共事那么多年，谁不知道谁啊？
这个时候，心里面肯定都有一个疙瘩。而托孤的时候，是不能有任何猜疑的，那么最好的办法就是公开地把话说开，把话说透。说开说透以后，双方释然，各自放心。刘备可以放心地去死，诸葛亮可以放心地去做，这不是两全其美吗？这不是于国于民都有利吗？这不是可以保证蜀汉政权至少十来二十年的安定团结吗？
Unfortunately, when the two of them died, their children were still very young, Sun Quan being 18 years old and Liu Chan being 17 years old. According to the ancients’ view of being the top 20, they were called minors. Minors come out to be masters at a young age. Those under their command are veteran ministers and generals who have experienced hundreds of battles. Can they survive? If he can’t live in town, can their dying father and brother rest assured? Don’t worry. I can’t rest assured that there is no way but to leave alone. So the person you choose must have three conditions: first, a good relationship, second, high prestige, and third, strong ability. The relationship is not good, you dare not entrust it to him; “Good relationship, not enough prestige, not strong ability, you entrusted him useless.”. But anyone who is doing this thing will think that if he has high prestige and strong ability, won’t he replace him? Comparing one’s heart to another, he is bound to have such doubts. As I mentioned in the previous program, both Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang are extraordinary people. Liu Bei is a Qianlong and Zhuge Liang is a Wolong. These two dragons have worked together for so many years, who doesn’t know who?
At this moment, there must be a lump in my heart. “When supporting an orphan, there can be no suspicion, so the best way is to speak openly and thoroughly.”. After speaking out, both sides were relieved and reassured. Liu Bei can rest assured to die, and Zhuge Liang can rest assured to do it. Isn’t that the best of both worlds? Isn’t this beneficial to both the country and the people? Isn’t it possible to ensure the stability and unity of the Shu Han regime for at least a decade or two?
＊易中天先生认为，刘备的托孤是帝王心思，就是作为开国皇帝的刘备绝对不会把帝位让给臣子诸葛亮的。可是自己的儿子刘禅又没有能力，为了让自己的事业继续发展下去，只得开诚布公地托孤于有威望、有能力的诸葛亮，寄希望于诸葛亮能够为蜀汉事业鞠躬尽瘁。刘备临终前所说的“如其不才，君可自取”，则很可能是对诸葛亮的试探。那么刘备这样一句让人摸不着头脑的话，究竟是对诸葛亮放心还是不放心呢？诸葛亮在刘备心中，究竟占有怎样的位置呢？他们君臣之间究竟是怎样一个关系呢？
托孤之前，刘备和诸葛亮的关系并非一般人想象和理解得那样亲密无间、如鱼得水。这两个人关系的“蜜月期”是在三顾茅庐之后、赤壁之战之前。赤壁之战以后，刘备已经有条件实现诸葛亮隆中对策的战略规划了，但是我们奇怪地看到，史书上很少看到诸葛亮的身影，很少听到他的声音。刘备入蜀带的是谁？庞统。攻打汉中带的是谁？法正。诸葛亮的工作是什么？调其赋税以充军实，镇守成都足兵足食，翻译成现代汉语就是总后勤部部长兼总装备部部长。当然，这个不意味着刘备不信任诸葛亮，也不意味着我要贬低诸葛亮，不要在那儿胡思乱想。因为诸葛亮这个时候承担的是谁的工作呢？就是类似于当年萧何的工作。而汉高祖刘邦打下天下之后，萧何是被定为第一功臣的。尽管诸葛亮做的是这样的是工作，他还是蜀汉的第一功臣。
Mr. Yi Zhongtian believed that Liu Bei’s support for orphans was in the mind of the emperor, that is, as the founding emperor, Liu Bei would never cede the throne to his vassal Zhuge Liang. However, his son Liu Chan was not capable. In order to continue his career, he had to sincerely and openly entrust Zhuge Liang with prestige and ability, hoping that Zhuge Liang would devote himself to the cause of Shu Han. “If you are not talented, you can take it yourself,” Liu Bei said before his death, which is probably a test for Zhuge Liang. So is Liu Bei’s confusing statement reassuring or not reassuring to Zhuge Liang? What position does Zhuge Liang occupy in Liu Bei’s heart? What is the relationship between them?
Before supporting Gu, the relationship between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang was not as close and intimate as ordinary people imagined and understood. The “honeymoon period” of the relationship between the two people was after the Three Gu Mao Lu and before the Battle of Chibi. After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei was already in a position to implement the strategic plan for Zhuge Liang’s Longzhong strategy. However, we are surprised to see that Zhuge Liang’s figure is rarely seen in historical records, and his voice is rarely heard. Who did Liu Bei bring to Sichuan? Pang Tong. Who attacked Hanzhong? Fazheng. What is Zhuge Liang’s job? Adjust its taxes to replenish the army and guard Chengdu with sufficient troops and food. Translated into modern Chinese, it is the head of the general logistics department and the head of the general equipment department. Of course, this does not mean that Liu Bei does not trust Zhuge Liang, nor does it mean that I want to belittle Zhuge Liang and not think nonsense there. Because whose job is Zhuge Liang undertaking at this time? It is similar to the work of Xiao He back then. After Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, conquered the world, Xiao He was designated as the first hero. Although Zhuge Liang did such a job, he was still the first hero of the Shu Han Dynasty.
