刘表找到这两个人，说你看我现在应该怎么办呢？蒯越说了这一番话，蒯越说：“理平者先仁义，理乱者先权谋”，就是你要治理一个太平盛世应该怎么样呢？要靠道德的力量，靠道德的感召，靠道德的教化，要靠仁义；那么你要治理一个动乱的地方该怎么办呢？那就要使用权术和谋略，要动用武力的威胁。而现在使君你面临的，一方面是袁术的入侵，另一方面是宗贼的作乱，应该怎么样？先把宗贼摆平。蒯越给他出主意，八个字，叫“诛其无道，施其才用”，什么意思呢？就把那个宗贼的头目当中这个最坏的，民愤最大的，作恶多端的，把他杀了，然后把宗贼当中的一些人才你把他招聘了，软硬兼施。刘表采纳了蒯越的建议，结果“江南悉平”，刘表由刺史变成了州牧，说明他在荆州这个地方成功了。
Liu Biao found these two people and said, “What do you think I should do now?”? Kuai Yue said these words, and Kuai Yue said, “Those who straighten out peace and justice precede others, while those who straighten out chaos seek power first.” That is, what should you do to govern a peaceful and prosperous era? We must rely on the power of morality, on moral inspiration, on moral enlightenment, and on benevolence and righteousness; So what should you do if you want to govern a turbulent place? That means using tactics and tactics, and using the threat of force. Now, what should you do if you are faced with the invasion of Yuan Shu on the one hand, and the disturbance of the sect thieves on the other hand? First, deal with the sect thief. Kuai Yue gave him an idea. In eight words, he called it “To punish his immorality, to use his talents”. What does that mean? Kill the leader of the sect thief, who is the worst, the most indignant, and the most vicious. Then recruit some talents from the sect thief, using both hard and soft skills. Liu Biao adopted Kuai Yue’s suggestion, and as a result, “Jiangnan Xiping” was achieved. Liu Biao changed from a governor to a state pastor, indicating his success in Jingzhou.
成功以后的刘表表现出来也很大度，当时张绣的叔叔张济，任骠骑将军在关中，因为没有军粮，就带着部队入侵荆州，攻打穰城，结果中箭身亡。这个时候荆州的大小官员都跑来跟刘表祝贺，恭喜州牧，张济跑来打我们，你看现在死了，很高兴。刘表说什么呢？刘表说：“济以穷来，主人无礼，至于交锋。”说张济是因为没有饭吃，走投无路才到我们荆州来，我们没有礼貌啊，我们没有以礼相遇啊，还打起来了，“此非牧意，牧受吊，不受贺也。”这不是我们初衷，就是我接受吊唁，不接受祝贺。那么这个话一说出来以后，大家觉得刘表这个人真是个正人君子，真是仁义道德，张济的部下都对刘表表示服从，表示钦佩。刘表又安顿了张济的侄子张绣驻扎在宛城，就是现在河南省的南阳市，而且供应他军粮，和他联合起来对付曹操。这样到了建安三年，刘表拥有了荆州七郡，“地方数千里，带甲十余万，万里肃清，大小咸悦而服之。”也就是这个境内大大小小的势力都服了刘表，刘表这个时候做什么呢？建学校，兴儒术。抚士人。
After his success, Liu Biao also showed great generosity. At that time, Zhang Xiu’s uncle, Zhang Ji, and General Ren Piaoqi, were in the middle of the Pass. Because they had no military provisions, they led their troops to invade Jingzhou and attack Rangcheng, only to be shot and killed. At this time, officials from all levels in Jingzhou came to congratulate Liu Biao. Congratulations to Zhou Mu. Zhang Ji came to attack us. You see, he’s dead now. I’m very happy. What did Liu Biao say? Liu Biao said, “Ji came from poverty, and the host was impolite. As for the confrontation,” Zhang Ji said that he came to Jingzhou because he had no food to eat and had no choice. We were impolite, and we didn’t meet with courtesy. We started fighting, saying, “This is not the intention of the pastor. The pastor is hanged and not congratulated.” This is not our original intention, but I accept condolence rather than congratulations. After saying this, everyone felt that Liu Biao was really a gentleman, truly benevolent, righteous, and moral. Zhang Ji’s subordinates showed their obedience and admiration to Liu Biao. Liu Biao settled Zhang Ji’s nephew, Zhang Xiu, in Wancheng, now Nanyang City in Henan Province, and provided him with military rations to join forces against Cao Cao. In the third year of Jian’an, Liu Biao owned seven counties in Jingzhou. “The place is thousands of miles away, with more than 100000 soldiers, thousands of miles away, and the size of the city is salty and pleasant.” That is, all forces in this territory have subdued Liu Biao. What does Liu Biao do at this time? Build schools and promote Confucianism. Fu Shi Ren.
＊刘表治理荆州，采用权术和谋略并重的策略，不仅很快站稳了脚跟，还把荆州治理得井井有条，◆这样看起来，刘表不仅是人长得漂亮，事情做得也很漂亮，应该说是取得了一定的成就。那么，为什么历史上对刘表的评价并不高呢？关于这件事，易中天先生是怎样分析的呢？
有以下几个原因：第一，刘表胸无大志。郭嘉就曾经很不屑地说刘表：“表，坐谈客耳”，刘表这个人是个夸夸其谈的，开开座谈会可以的，干什么大事不行的。曹操也非常不屑地说刘表，“自守之贼也”，这是一个只能守住自己小摊子的一个贼。为什么呢？刘表他确实是没有统一中国、获得天下的这样的一个志向，他的愿望就是老婆、孩子、热炕头，一亩三分地，把它守好，经营好了，他就心安理得了，这是他第一点。
“Liu Biao managed Jingzhou with a strategy of emphasizing both power and strategy. Not only did he quickly gain a foothold, but he also managed Jingzhou in an orderly manner. ◆ From this perspective, Liu Biao not only looked beautiful, but also did things beautifully. It should be said that he had made certain achievements.”. So, why hasn’t Liu Biao been highly valued in history? How did Mr. Yi Zhongtian analyze this matter?
There are several reasons: First, Liu Biao has no ambition. Guo Jia once disdainfully said to Liu Biao, “Watch, sit down and talk to others.” Liu Biao is a person who talks big. It’s okay to hold a forum, but it’s not okay to do big things. Cao Cao also said with great disdain that Liu Biao was a “self defending thief,” a thief who could only defend his own small stall. Why? Liu Biao really has no such ambition as unifying China and gaining the world. His wish is to have a wife, children, and a hot kang, and divide three acres of land. If he keeps it well and manages it well, he will feel at ease. This is his first point.
第二点，刘表这个人也没有肚量。当时官渡之战的时候，袁绍和曹操在官渡相持不下，袁绍派人去联合刘表，刘表满口答应，但不出兵，他也不帮助曹操，他坐山观虎斗。这个时候刘表的部下韩嵩等人就来劝刘表了，韩嵩他们说什么呢？他们说：“豪杰并争，两雄相持，天下之重在于将军。”现在曹操和袁绍这两个巨头正在一决雌雄的时候，这个天下形式的权重就在将军您身上了，就像当年刘邦和项羽决战的时候，下旗七十二城的韩信就成了天下的权重，这个时候你刘表往袁绍这边一站，袁绍就赢了，你往曹操那边一站，曹操就赢了。韩嵩说在这样的形势下，你应该怎么样呢？或者趁火打劫，或者投靠一方，那他俩不是打起来了吗，你最好的办法就是趁机捞一把，至少你要表个态，你要站在谁那边，为什么要表态呢？像你这样，“见贤而不能助，请和而不得”，见到该支持的你不去支持他，你不支持也可以，你劝他们和解吧，你又劝不了，等他们这一仗打完了，双方的怨恨都集中在你身上，你是两头不讨好，两边都要恨你，“此两怨必集于将军，将军不得中立矣。”你想中立呀，你守不住了。这个时候什么蒯越这些人都来劝刘表，而且他们的主张是什么呢？也很明确，支持曹操，说袁绍这个人不灵的，得不了天下的，得天下的肯定是曹操，现在曹操又弱，你赶快趁机支持他一把。
Secondly, Liu Biao has no stomach either. During the Battle of Guandu at that time, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao were at a stalemate at Guandu. Yuan Shao sent someone to unite Liu Biao. Liu Biao fully agreed, but he would not send troops, nor would he help Cao Cao. He sat on the mountain watching the tiger fight. At this time, Liu Biao’s subordinates, Han Song, and others came to persuade Liu Biao. What did Han Song and others say? They said, “Heroes compete side by side, and the two giants confront each other. The most important thing in the world lies with the general.” Now, when Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, the two giants, are in a showdown, the weight of this form of world lies with you, the general. Just like when Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought a showdown, Han Xin, who owned 72 cities under his banner, became the weight of the world. At this time, if you Liu Biao went to Yuan Shao’s side, Yuan Shao won, and you went to Cao Cao’s side, Cao Cao won. Han Song said that in this situation, what should you do? “Or take advantage of the fire to rob, or turn to one side, then they are fighting. The best way for you is to take advantage of the opportunity and take advantage of it. At least you need to make a statement. Who are you standing for? Why do you want to make a statement?”? Like you, “When you see a virtuous person, you cannot help, and when you meet him, you cannot support him. If you do not support him, you can also persuade him to reconcile. You cannot persuade him. After their battle is over, the resentment of both sides will be concentrated on you. If you do not please both sides, both sides will hate you.” These two grievances must be concentrated on the general, and the general cannot be neutral. “If you want to be neutral, you cannot keep it. At this time, why do people like Kuai Yue come to persuade Liu Biao, and what are their opinions? It is also very clear that supporting Cao Cao, saying that Yuan Shao is a person who is not clever and cannot win the world, must be Cao Cao. Now that Cao Cao is weak, you should take the opportunity to support him.
