但是即便如此，在我们看来，你要打这一仗是可以的，你可以打得从容一点吧？当时随刘备出征的有一个重要的人物，叫做黄权。黄权就建议刘备说，吴军向来就很英勇善战，吴军不是那么好对付的；而我军顺江直下，易进难退。我顺水下去我前进容易，我退回去是很困难的。黄权说：为臣恳请陛下批准，做一个先锋探探路，探探对方的虚实，请陛下在大后方坐阵指挥。这应该说是一个很好的建议，刘备不听。不但不听，也不要黄权了，把黄权打发到另外一个地方去驻防。所以，在这一点上看，刘备这个时候表现出来的情绪就是两个字——浮躁。
＊公元219年，东吴集团夺回了荆州，逞了一时之快。但是，这次娄子真是捅大了。孙权深知杀死了刘备的左膀右臂关羽，绝对是与刘备结下了血海深仇，这场孙刘之间灾难性的火拼终究是不可避免的，只不过是早晚的问题。于是，刘备不顾一切地要发动进攻孙吴的战争，哪怕是在将帅乏人的情况下也要也要御驾亲征。这种要拼命的架势，让东吴的孙权也未免有些汗颜。所以，在决定背后向关羽捅刀子的那一刻早就料到刘备会来进攻的孙权，夺得荆州之后就在未雨绸缪，从政治上、军事上积极备战。那么孙权是如何应对这场山雨欲来凤满楼的危机，做到最大化地避免风险的呢？
But even so, in our opinion, it is possible for you to fight this battle. Can you take it easy? At that time, there was an important figure called Huang Quan who accompanied Liu Bei on the expedition. Huang Quan suggested to Liu Bei that the Wu army has always been brave and good at fighting, and that the Wu army is not so easy to deal with; While our army is going straight down the river, it is easy to advance but difficult to retreat. “It’s easy for me to go down the water and move forward, but it’s difficult for me to retreat.”. Huang Quan said, “I beg your majesty’s approval to be a pioneer in exploring the path and the reality of the other party. Please take command from the rear.”. This should be said to be a good suggestion, but Liu Bei refused to listen. “Not only did they not listen, but they also stopped sending Huang Quan to another place to garrison.”. Therefore, from this point of view, Liu Bei’s emotions at this time are just two words – impetuosity.
In 219 AD, the Eastern Wu Group recaptured Jingzhou and achieved a quick victory. However, this time, the problem has really been solved. Sun Quan is well aware that killing Guan Yu, Liu Bei’s right arm, is definitely a blood feud with Liu Bei. This disastrous battle between Sun and Liu is ultimately inevitable, but it is only a matter of time. Therefore, Liu Bei was desperate to launch a war against Sun Wu, even when the generals were lacking. This desperate posture made Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty somewhat ashamed. Therefore, Sun Quan, who had expected Liu Bei to attack Guan Yu at the moment of his decision to stab him in the back, took Jingzhou and prepared for the war politically and militarily. So how did Sun Quan deal with the crisis of mountain rain threatening to fill the building with phoenix and avoid risks to the greatest extent?
关羽被杀之后，孙权把关羽的首级送给了曹操。意思很明显，就是想让曹操来承担这个责任，向天下人宣布，我孙权杀关羽是曹操让杀的。曹操很明白，孙权这小子没安好心，于是曹操按诸侯的礼节厚葬了关羽，他也不认这个账。但是不管怎么说，孙权这一回是把刘备得罪到家了，孙刘联盟彻底破裂。对于这一点，孙权的心里非常清楚，而他也知道，依靠他的力量单独对抗刘备是有问题的。因此战争之后，孙权就干脆公开地倒向曹魏，和刘备翻脸。
他做了一件什么事情呢？他宣布不承认刘备是益州牧。刘备不是从刘璋手上把益州拿过来了吗，孙权宣布不承认，说益州牧还是刘璋。曹操也马上表态，宣布荆州牧是孙权。本来这个时候刘备是牧兼二州，荆州牧兼益州牧；现在一家宣布益州牧还是刘璋，另一家宣布荆州牧是孙权，那刘备什么牧都不是了。这是一方面。
After Guan Yu was killed, Sun Quan gave Guan Yu’s head to Cao Cao. The meaning is very obvious. I want Cao Cao to assume this responsibility and announce to everyone in the world that I, Sun Quan, killed Guan Yu at the behest of Cao Cao. “Cao Cao understood very well that Sun Quan was not well intentioned, so Cao Cao buried Guan Yu according to the etiquette of the vassals, and he also denied the account.”. However, in any case, Sun Quan this time offended Liu Bei to the point where the alliance between Sun and Liu completely broke down. Sun Quan’s heart was very clear about this, and he also knew that relying on his strength to confront Liu Bei alone was problematic. Therefore, after the war, Sun Quan simply publicly fell over to Cao Wei and turned against Liu Bei.
What did he do? He announced that he would not recognize Liu Bei as a herdsman in Yizhou. Didn’t Liu Bei take Yizhou from Liu Zhang? Sun Quan announced that he would not admit it, saying that Yizhou Mu was still Liu Zhang. Cao Cao immediately announced that Jingzhou Mu was Sun Quan. Originally, at this time, Liu Bei was both a herdsman and a herdsman in both Jingzhou and Yizhou; Now one family declares that Yizhou Mu is still Liu Zhang, and the other family declares that Jingzhou Mu is Sun Quan. Liu Bei is nothing more than a Mu. This is one aspect.
另一方面，公元220年，也就是建安二十五年，曹操去世，曹丕继承了魏王的爵位，同年逼刘献帝禅位，自己当了皇帝，这就是魏文帝。这件事情发生以后，刘备集团一片声讨，大骂曹丕是汉贼，篡汉。孙权不表态，沉默；到了公元221年八月份，孙权就上表称臣，干脆称臣了；到了十一月份，就接受了曹丕给他的吴王的封号。那么这件事情，对于孙权来说是很不容易的，它意味着两点：第一，意味着他承认曹丕的篡汉是正当合法的，他向曹丕称臣；第二，它意味着孙权承认曹丕和他的关系是君臣关系。所以他迈出这一步并不容易，而且当时有部下明确表示反对。孙权说，不要紧嘛，想当年我们高皇帝不也接受了项羽的封号，当了汉王吗？也就是说孙权的意思很清楚，他承认曹丕称帝是权宜之计，是为了什么呢？是为了联合曹魏来对抗刘备，这是孙权在政治上做的准备。
孙权在军事上做的准备，就是迁都武昌。孙权的治所，就是孙权当吴王之前他的那个指挥部所在地叫做治所，他的治所是在建业，也就是现在的南京。但是为了对抗刘备，孙权把指挥部迁到了武昌，就是现在湖北省的鄂州市，——不是现在湖北省武汉市的那个武昌区，是鄂州，而且孙权改名为武昌。这个事情也是很困难的，当时住在建业的这些人都不愿意到武昌去，有一句有名的民谣叫做“宁饮建业水，不食武昌鱼”，就是这个时候的一个说法。但孙权说，我们必须移到武昌，因为应该居安思危。我们看看地图就知道，他这个行动是在军事上做准备对抗刘备，所以孙权是有备无患的。
On the other hand, in 220 AD, the 25th year of Jian’an, Cao Cao died, and Cao Pi inherited the title of King Wei. In the same year, he forced Liu Xiandi to abdicate and became emperor himself. This was Emperor Wen of Wei. After this incident, the Liu Bei Group launched a massive outcry, denouncing Cao Pi as a Han thief and usurping the Han Dynasty. Sun Quan remained silent and silent; In August of 221 AD, Sun Quan went to the table to pay tribute, simply paying tribute; In November, he accepted the title given to him by Cao Pi as the King of Wu. This matter, then, was not easy for Sun Quan, and it meant two things: first, it meant that he recognized that Cao Pi’s usurpation of the Han Dynasty was legitimate and lawful, and he paid tribute to Cao Pi; Secondly, it means that Sun Quan recognized the relationship between Cao Pi and him as a relationship between monarchs and ministers. Therefore, it was not easy for him to take this step, and some subordinates clearly expressed their opposition at that time. Sun Quan said, “Don’t worry, don’t we, Emperor Gao, also accepted the title of Xiang Yu and became king of the Han Dynasty?”? That is to say, Sun Quan’s meaning is very clear. He admitted that Cao Pi’s accession to the throne was an expedient measure, for what reason? It was to unite Cao Wei against Liu Bei, which was Sun Quan’s political preparation.
Sun Quan’s military preparations were to move his capital to Wuchang. The place where Sun Quan’s headquarters was located before Sun Quan became King of Wu was called the government office. His government office was in Jianye, which is now Nanjing. But in order to confront Liu Bei, Sun Quan moved his headquarters to Wuchang, now Ezhou City in Hubei Province – not the Wuchang District in Wuhan City in Hubei Province, but Ezhou, and Sun Quan renamed it Wuchang. This matter is also very difficult. At that time, these people who lived in Jianye were unwilling to go to Wuchang. There is a famous folk song called “prefer drinking Jianye water to eating Wuchang fish”, which is a saying at this time. But Sun Quan said that we must move to Wuchang because we should be prepared for danger in times of peace. “We can see from looking at the map that his action was to prepare militarily against Liu Bei, so Sun Quan was prepared for any danger.”.
＊孙权在杀死关羽之后，就开始积极地规避战争风险。在政治上不惜忍气吞声，对曹魏集团称臣，来换得曹魏集团的支持。同时为了军事防御的需要，不顾国人的反对，竟然把指挥部迁移到武昌。在关羽被杀一年半之后，刘备率领蜀国数万军队，全线进攻东吴，一路上过关斩将，所向披靡。那么，国难当头，东吴集团有谁能够力挽狂澜，应对这场风雨飘摇的劫难呢？
公元221年七月，刘备发动了东征孙权的战争，这场战争发生的地点是在夷陵和猇亭，所以历史上称为夷陵、猇亭之战，又叫夷陵之战，又叫猇亭之战。夷陵猇亭之战是三国史上三大战役之一，这三大战役就是官渡之战、赤壁之战、夷陵之战。
After Sun Quan killed Guan Yu, he began actively avoiding war risks. Politically, he would not hesitate to swallow his courage and submit to the Cao Wei Group in exchange for its support. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of military defense, despite the opposition of the people, the headquarters was unexpectedly relocated to Wuchang. One and a half years after Guan Yu was killed, Liu Bei led tens of thousands of troops from the Shu Kingdom to attack the Eastern Wu Kingdom on all fronts, crossing the border and killing generals all the way, invincible. So, in the face of a national crisis, who in the Soochow Group can turn the tide and cope with this turbulent disaster?
In July 221, Liu Bei launched the war of the Eastern Expedition against Sun Quan. The war took place in Yiling and Xiaoting, so it was historically known as the Battle of Yiling and Xiaoting, also known as the Battle of Yiling and Xiaoting. The Battle of Xiaoting in Yiling is one of the three major battles in the history of the Three Kingdoms, which are the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Chibi, and the Battle of Yiling.
我们知道，刘孙夷陵之战，或者说猇亭之战，吴军的前线总指挥是陆逊，是接替吕蒙的陆逊。吕蒙是在荆州争夺战之后，还没有来得及开庆功会就去世了。我们看看陆逊怎么指挥这场战争。根据史书的记载，公元222年正月，刘备的先头部队到达了夷陵，二月，刘备到达了猇亭。这个时候陆逊的军队也到达了猇亭，两军对峙。这个时候，陆逊的部下纷纷提出来马上迎击刘备。因为两边的军队都开过来了，开到猇亭这个地方了，就应该打他一仗。陆逊说不行，我们不要动。为什么呢？陆逊说了这样一段话，他说刘备“举军东下，锐气始盛，且乘高守险，难可卒攻。攻之纵下，犹难尽克；若有不利，损我大势。”什么意思呢？说刘备顺江东下，来势汹汹，士气是最旺盛的时候，何况他凭借着长江天险和周围的崇山峻岭这样一个地势，我们去攻打他不是一下子能够攻下来的。就算我们能够打胜一仗，也不能够大获全胜；相反如果我们出师不利，就坏了整个大局。所以，我们现在应该怎么样呢？应该按兵不动。
We know that in the Battle of Liu Sun Yiling, or Xiaoting, the front line commander of the Wu army was Lu Xun, who succeeded Lu Meng. Lv Meng died before a celebration party could be held after the battle for Jingzhou. Let’s see how Lu Xun commanded the war. According to historical records, in the first month of 222 AD, Liu Bei’s vanguard troops arrived at Yiling, and in February, Liu Bei arrived at Xiaoting. At this time, Lu Xun’s army also arrived at Xiaoting, and the two armies faced off. At this time, Lu Xun’s subordinates proposed to immediately confront Liu Bei. “Because the armies on both sides have moved over and arrived at Xiaoting, we should fight him.”. Lu Xun said no, let’s not move. Why? Lu Xun said something like this, saying, “When Liu Bei raises his army to the east, his vigor begins to grow, and when he takes a high position to defend against danger, it is difficult to attack. It is still difficult to overcome an attack even if it is vertical. If there is any disadvantage, it will damage my overall situation.” What does he mean? It is said that Liu Beishun’s downfall from the Yangtze River to the east is turbulent and his morale is at its peak. Moreover, with the natural danger of the Yangtze River and the surrounding mountains and mountains, we cannot attack him at once. Even if we can win a battle, we cannot achieve a complete victory; On the contrary, if we start poorly, it will ruin the overall situation. So, what should we do now? We should hold still.
陆逊说，你看刘备现在的军队在什么地方呢？在崇山峻岭，山地啊。这样的一个地形，如果我们拖他一段时候，他一定会疲劳，那个时候我们再想办法。但是，吴军的将领都不服气，哎呀，说这就是个书生，胆小，因为大家心目中，陆逊就是个书生嘛，是没有打过仗的，胆小。各怀愤恨，但是没办法，只好接受命令了。这个时候陆逊就下命令撤退，大步撤退，把几百里的崇山峻岭都让给了刘备。
刘备也就往前推进了。推进了以后，扎下营寨，一看陆逊不出来打仗，就命令下面一个将领在平地上再建立军营。这时候吴军将领就说，刘备在山里的时候，大帅说打不得；现在刘备到平地上，总可以打他一下吧？陆逊说不能打，其中必定有诈。果然，由于吴军不出来应战，刘备沉不住气了，八千伏兵从山谷里面杀出来。这下子吴军将领才开始服了这个陆逊，说大帅果然料事如神啊。
Lu Xun said, “Where do you think Liu Bei’s army is now?”? In the mountains, mountains. In such a terrain, if we drag him for a while, he will definitely be tired, and then we will try to find a way. However, the generals of the Wu army were not convinced. Alas, they said that this was a scholar and cowardly, because in everyone’s mind, Lu Xun was a scholar, and he had never fought a war and cowardly. Each harbored resentment, but there was no way he could but accept the order. At this moment, Lu Xun gave an order to retreat, retreating in great strides, handing over hundreds of miles of lofty mountains to Liu Bei.
Liu Bei also pushed forward. After advancing, he settled down the camp. Seeing that Lu Xun could not come out to fight, he ordered the next general to establish a military camp on the flat ground. At this time, the general of the Wu army said that when Liu Bei was in the mountains, the commander in chief said that he could not fight; Now that Liu Bei is on the level ground, can you always hit him? Lu Xun said that there must be fraud in not fighting. Sure enough, as the Wu army did not come out to fight, Liu Bei lost his composure and eight thousand ambushes were killed from the valley. At this moment, the general of the Wu army began to obey Lu Xun, saying that the commander had predicted everything as expected.
