因为诸葛亮是一个有政治理想的人，曹操是有理想无蓝图，诸葛亮是有理想有蓝图，他做事都是有规划的，你看他的《隆中对》，为刘备做了一个非常好的规划，然后他治理蜀国的时候井然有序、井井有条、有条不紊，而且上上下下都没有什么意见，就说明他做事情之细致之周密，但是问题他有理想，有理想就有点麻烦，为什么呢？我们看看他理想有什么：第一，依法治国，这一点我多次已经讲过了，诸葛亮的依法治国是他政治生涯当中是光辉最值得大书特书的一笔，因为他确确实实做到了公开、公正、公平，在我们今天看来不是非常好嘛，我们今天就是要依法治国啊，但是你要知道，那是一个什么时代，依法意味着什么？
不依人，因为法治和人治是相对的，而士族地主阶级要的是什么，依人，不但依人，还依人的家族，不但依人的家族还要依家庭的门第、门望、阀阅，只要我出身好，哪怕我是个猪呢，我蠢得象头猪我也得做大官，对不对，你们那些寒民、庶族出身的再聪明，再有能力你也不能去做，这是士族要士的事情啊，那么诸葛亮公开、公正、公平就和这个是矛盾的，实际上诸葛亮的政治理想就是要建设一个高效、廉洁的政府，和公平、清明的社会，这在今天看来都是值得肯定的，但是我们要知道，你要高效你就不能看出身，你要公平你就不能偏袒士族，你要廉洁你就不能容忍贪腐，你要清明你就不能允许霸道，所以诸葛亮做的这些在我们今天看值得肯定的事情都是当时士族不满意的，都是士族地主阶级不满意的，他就把士族得罪了，这是第一点。
第二，诸葛亮治蜀独立自主，所谓独立自主包括两个方面，一个就是对曹魏独立自主，第二个就是坚持荆州集团第一的这样一个原则，你看他指定的接班人，蒋琬、费祎、姜维都不是益州人，也就是说他坚决不象孙权搞吴人治吴那样搞蜀人治蜀，我们可以看出吴、蜀两国的区别就在于，吴国是吴人治吴，蜀国是绝不是蜀人治蜀，不但不蜀人治蜀，诸葛亮对于本土的土著那些豪强、士族还在政治上排挤，经济上盘剥，法律上制裁，不能让他们造了反，不但不让他们造反还让他们出钱，出钱干什么呢？北伐啊，你想军费从哪里来，一大笔，而且诸葛亮他执法是公平的，他公平你就可以想象最后出钱多的是谁？肯定是谁的钱多，谁出得多，公平摊派嘛，所以这些土豪们恨死他了，恨死他了以后不合作，何况还有第三个问题就是兴复汉室，这个兴复汉室一直是诸葛亮的旗号、口号，但是这是一个过时的口号，你说诸葛亮执政的时候，天底下还有谁想兴复汉室，谁都不想，士族地主阶级也不想，是平民老百姓也不想，那个汉室还要它干嘛，而且曹魏那边，曹丕已经接受陈群的建议在搞九品官人法，士族觉得这会儿比东汉还好，东汉那个蛋糕三家分着吃，外戚、宦官、我们，现在曹魏这个蛋糕是我们士族一家吃，我干嘛要兴复汉室，有病啊。那蜀汉的这些土著的士族一想，你看诸葛亮依法治国把我们弄得这么苦，你看曹丕那个地方，是吧，我们这些人多开心，赶快来解放我们吧，我们欢迎曹魏来解放我们。
所以蜀汉在诸葛亮的领导下治理得最好，最先灭亡，由此我们可以看出来，魏、蜀、吴三国都是非士族政权，从这个角度讲它们都是逆流而上，但是结果是曹魏放弃、孙吴妥协、蜀汉坚持，正因为他坚持，所以它最先灭亡，正因为曹魏放弃所以他也要灭亡，正因为孙吴是妥协当然也要灭亡，所以三国都灭亡了。公元263年魏灭蜀，公元265年晋灭魏，公元280年晋灭吴，三家都归于西晋，天下重归一统，中国历史在全国范围内进入了士族地主阶级时代。
画外音：易中天先生用一年半的时间以三国时期的三大战役：官渡之战、赤壁之战、夷陵之战为主线为我们细致点评了三国这段历史中的各色人物的性格与命运，易中天先生认为西晋的建立标志着士族地主阶级重新掌握了统治地方，三国只是一段历史的插曲，那么易中天先生为什么认为三国只是一段历史插曲呢？他有什么根据呢？我们又该用怎样的方法和价值标准来看待这段历史和这段历史中的人物，请大家继续收看易中天品三国第49集《天下大势》。
“Because Zhuge Liang is a person with political ideals, Cao Cao has ideals without blueprints, Zhuge Liang has ideals with blueprints, and he has a plan for everything. Look at his” Longzhong Dui “, which made a very good plan for Liu Bei. Then, when he ruled the Kingdom of Shu, he was orderly, orderly, and methodical, and there were no opinions from all levels, indicating that he did things meticulously and meticulously, but the problem was that he had ideals,”, Having ideals is a bit troublesome, why? Let’s take a look at his ideals: First, governing the country according to law, which I have already mentioned many times. Zhuge Liang’s rule of law is the most brilliant and noteworthy piece of his political career, because he has truly achieved openness, fairness, and fairness. It seems not very good to us today. Today, we are going to govern the country according to law, but you need to know what era it was and what the law means?
“Not depending on people, because the rule of law and the rule of man are opposite, and what the gentry and landlord class want is to depend on people, not only on people, but also on their families, not only on their families, but also on their family status, prestige, and threshold. As long as I am from a good background, even if I am a pig, I am as stupid as a pig, and I have to be a senior official, right? Even those of you who are from poor and common families, no matter how smart or capable you are, you cannot do it.”, “This is a matter of noble and noble officials, so Zhuge Liang’s openness, fairness, and fairness are contradictory to this. In fact, Zhuge Liang’s political ideal is to build an efficient and clean government, and a fair and clear society. This is all worth affirming in today’s view, but we should know that if you want to be efficient, you cannot look at your origin, if you want to be fair, you cannot favor noble officials, and if you want to be honest, you cannot tolerate corruption.”, “If you want to be clear and clear, you cannot allow hegemony. Therefore, what Zhuge Liang did today is worth affirming that the gentry was not satisfied at that time, and that the gentry and landlord class were not satisfied. He offended the gentry, which is the first point.”.
Secondly, Zhuge Liang’s independence in governing Shu includes two aspects: independence from Cao and Wei, and adherence to the principle of being the first in the Jingzhou Group. You can see that his designated successors, Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, and Jiang Wei, are not Yizhou people, which means that he resolutely does not engage in the Shu people governing Shu as Sun Quan did in the Wu people governing Wu. We can see that the difference between Wu and Shu is that the Wu people govern Wu, The state of Shu is by no means ruled by the Shu people, not only by the Shu people, but also by Zhuge Liang’s political exclusion, economic exploitation, and legal sanctions against the local powerful and noble aborigines. They cannot be allowed to rebel, not only by not allowing them to rebel, but also by making money. What is the point of making money? “Northern Expedition, where do you think the military expenditure comes from, a large sum of money, and Zhuge Liang’s law enforcement is fair. If he is fair, you can imagine who paid more in the end?”? “It must be someone who has more money, who has more money, and who has a fair share of it. So these local tyrants hate him so much that they don’t cooperate after they hate him. Moreover, the third issue is to revive the Han family, which has always been Zhuge Liang’s banner and slogan, but this is an outdated slogan. When Zhuge Liang was in power, who else in the world wanted to revive the Han family, neither did anyone, nor did the gentry and landlord class,”, “Even ordinary people don’t want it. What does that Han family want it for? And on the Cao Wei side, Cao Pi has accepted Chen Qun’s suggestion to engage in the Jiupin official method. The literati feel that this time is better than the Eastern Han Dynasty. The cake in the Eastern Han Dynasty is shared among the three families, including the relatives, eunuchs, and us. Now that Cao Wei’s cake is eaten by our literati family, why should I revive the Han family? I’m sick.”. “Let’s think about these indigenous literati in Shu Han. You see how hard Zhuge Liang’s rule of law has made us. You see Cao Pi’s place, right? How happy we are! Come and liberate us quickly. We welcome Cao Wei to liberate us.”.
Therefore, under the leadership of Zhuge Liang, Shu Han managed best and was the first to perish. From this perspective, we can see that Wei, Shu, and Wu were all non aristocratic regimes. From this perspective, they all went upstream against the current. However, the result was that Cao Wei gave up, Sun Wu compromised, and Shu Han insisted. Because of his persistence, it was first to perish, because Cao Wei gave up, it was also to perish, and because Sun Wu compromised, it was also to perish, So all three countries perished. In 263 AD, the Wei destroyed Shu, in 265 AD, the Jin destroyed Wei, and in 280 AD, the Jin destroyed Wu. All three families belonged to the Western Jin Dynasty, and the world was reunited. Chinese history entered the era of the aristocratic landlord class throughout the country.
Voice over: Mr. Yi Zhongtian spent a year and a half focusing on the three major battles during the Three Kingdoms period: the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Chibi, and the Battle of Yiling. He carefully commented on the personalities and destinies of various characters in the history of the Three Kingdoms period. Mr. Yi Zhongtian believed that the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty marked the return of the gentry and landlord class to control the ruling place, and that the Three Kingdoms were just an episode of history, So why does Mr. Yi Zhongtian think the Three Kingdoms are just a historical episode? What basis does he have? What methods and values should we use to view this period of history and the characters in it? Please continue to watch Yi Zhongtian Pinning the Three Kingdoms Episode 49, “The World’s General Situation.”.
