荀彧的死，历史上有多种说法。荀彧的本传，三个字：“以忧薨”，薨就是去世了，也就是忧郁而死，忧郁而死，郁闷而死，这是正史上的说法。那么《三国志·荀彧传》裴松之注引《魏氏春秋》的说法，说是曹操送了一个食盒，就是装食品的盒子给荀彧，荀彧打开一看，空的，服毒自杀。而且这个事情当时就搞不清楚，不要说我们现在，我们现在也是搞不清楚。第三种说法，当时就有人从寿春逃出去，去报告孙权，说荀彧死了，孙权问文荀彧怎么死的，说是曹操要荀彧谋杀伏皇后，荀彧不干，自杀了，当时就出了第三种说法。那我们就来看看这个荀彧到底是怎么死的。
There are various historical accounts of the death of Xun Yu. In Xun Yu’s biography, there are three words: “To worry about the Hong”. The Hong is dead, that is, to die of melancholy, to die of melancholy, to die of melancholy, and to die of depression. This is a saying in official history. So Pei Songzhi’s annotation in “The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Xunyu” quotes the statement in “The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Wei Family”, saying that Cao Cao sent a food box, which was the box containing food, to Xunyu. Xunyu opened it and found it empty. He poisoned himself. “And this matter was not clear at the time, let alone now, we are also not clear now.”. The third theory was that someone had escaped from Shouchun and reported to Sun Quan that Xunyu was dead. Sun Quan asked Wen Xunyu how he died, saying that Cao Cao wanted Xunyu to murder Queen Fu, but Xunyu refused to act and committed suicide. The third theory came out at that time. Let’s see how this Xun Yu died.
＊关于荀彧之死，历史上有三种不同的说法，一种是忧郁而死，一种是服毒自杀，第三种是有一个从寿春逃出去的人告诉孙权，说曹操要荀彧杀害伏皇后，荀彧不肯而自杀。在这三种说法中，最受争议和最受质疑的就是第三种说法，以荀彧的性格和为人，他怎么会卷入到杀害皇后的事情中呢？对此，易中天先生又是怎么看的呢？
There are three different historical accounts of the death of Xunyu. One is the death of melancholy, the other is suicide by taking poison, and the third is that a person who escaped from Shouchun told Sun Quan that Cao Cao wanted Xunyu to kill Queen Fu, but Xunyu refused to commit suicide. Of the three statements, the most controversial and questioned is the third one. With Xun Yu’s personality and conduct, how could he have been involved in the killing of the queen? What does Mr. Yi Zhongtian think of this?
首先一条，这个寿春逃出去的这个人说曹操要荀彧谋杀伏皇后，荀彧不肯，自杀，这肯定是谣言。为了说清楚它是谣言，我们把这个故事稍微讲一下，这个故事大概是怎么回事呢？说是建安五年，发生了董承衣带诏事件，这个大家可能还记得，就是车骑将军董承受汉献帝的衣带血诏要谋杀曹操，这个被曹操发现，把他们董承杀了。那么这个事情以后就说伏皇后就写了一封信给他的父亲叫伏完，说皇帝非常的气愤，曹操怎么可以这样，说了曹操很多坏话，那么这封信伏完拿到手上以后就给荀彧看了，荀彧看了以后很反感，没有吭气儿。后来这封信被伏完的小舅子拿到，密封了以后交给曹操，这小舅子也靠不住啊看来是，交给曹操。荀彧得到了消息，就从许都赶到邺城去见曹操，然后跟曹操说，提出个建议，什么建议呢？让曹操把女儿嫁给皇帝做皇后。曹操说这个事情不可能吧，皇帝有皇后啊，再说我们曹家这个女儿怎么配得上呢。荀彧说现在这个皇后不灵的，这个皇后又没有生过儿子，性格又不好，她曾经写封信给他父亲辱骂丞相，话说得非常难听，我们可以趁机把她废了。曹操说：是这样的吗？是啊，她是写了封信啊。你知道这封信吗？知道啊。那你怎么不早说呀？荀彧说，说过了，我老早说过的。曹操说老早说过吗？这么大的事我能记不住吗？荀彧说，哦，对对对对，想起来了，想起来了，那个时候明公不是在官渡和袁绍打仗吗，荀彧害怕扰乱军心就没有报告嘛。那曹操说官渡之战以后呢，你怎么不报告？衣带诏案件是建安五年，荀彧去世是建安十七年，十二年的时间，你怎么讲得通呢？所以这个事情一看就是假的，这个故事，裴松之做注的时候就说：“虽在庸人，尤不至此”，就是最蠢的人也不会做出这么蠢的事情，荀彧怎么可能，那是不可能的事情。
First of all, the person who escaped Shouchun said that Cao Cao wanted Xunyu to murder Queen Fu, but Xunyu refused and committed suicide. This must be a rumor. To make it clear that it is a rumor, let’s tell this story a little bit. What is the story about? It is said that in the fifth year of Jian’an, the incident of Dong Cheng’s clothes and blood edict occurred. As you may recall, it was the chariot general Dong Chengcheng’s clothes and blood edict of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty that wanted to murder Cao Cao. This was discovered by Cao Cao and they were killed by Dong Cheng. After this matter, it will be said that Empress Fu wrote a letter to his father, Fu Wan, saying that the emperor was very angry. How could Cao Cao do this? He said a lot of bad things about Cao Cao. After Fu Wan took possession of this letter, he showed it to Xun Yu, who was very disgusted and didn’t say anything. Later, this letter was taken by the brother-in-law who had ambushed him, sealed it and handed over to Cao Cao. This brother-in-law is also unreliable. It seems that it is, and handed over to Cao Cao. Upon receiving the news, Xunyu rushed from Xudu to Yecheng to meet Cao Cao, and then told him to make a suggestion. What suggestion? Let Cao Cao marry his daughter to the emperor as the queen. Cao Cao said that this matter is impossible. The emperor has a queen. Besides, how can the daughter of our Cao family be worthy of it. Xun Yu said that the empress is not clever now. She has never had a son and has a bad character. She once wrote a letter to his father insulting the Prime Minister, saying things very hard. We can take advantage of the opportunity to abolish her. Cao Cao said, “Is that so?”? Yes, she wrote a letter. Do you know this letter? I know. Why didn’t you say it earlier? Xun Yu said, “Yes, I said it a long time ago.”. Did Cao Cao say so long ago? Can’t I remember such a big thing? “Xun Yu said, ‘Oh, yes, yes, yes, I remember, I remember. Didn’t Duke Ming fight Yuan Shao at Guandu at that time? Xun Yu didn’t report it because he was afraid of disturbing the army’s morale.'”. Then Cao Cao said that after the Battle of Guandu, why didn’t you report? The case of the dress belt edict was in the fifth year of Jian’an, and the death of Xunyu was in the seventeenth and twelfth years of Jian’an. How can you make sense? Therefore, this matter seems to be false at first sight. When Pei Songzhi made a note on this story, he said, “Although in the midst of mediocrity, especially not here.” Even the most stupid people would not have done such a foolish thing. How could Xun Yu possibly have done that? That’s impossible.
那么伏皇后这个案子是怎么回事呢？伏皇后是在建安十九年，也就是荀彧去世以后两年被曹操杀掉的。说是她给她的父亲伏完写的这封信东窗事发了，然后曹操派御史大夫郗虑和新任的尚书令华歆两个人到宫殿里去捉拿伏皇后，伏皇后把这个宫门关起来，然后自己躲到墙壁大概有夹墙，躲在夹墙里面，华歆带着人马一家伙冲进去把门砸了，把墙壁也砸了，一把把伏皇后从夹墙里面拖出来。皇后披头散发光着脚丫子从皇帝跟前走过，留着眼泪跟皇帝说，陛下就不能救救我吗？皇帝说我还不知道哪天死呢，然后皇帝对郗虑说，郗公，天下竟有这样的事情吗？然后郗虑坐在那儿，什么话都不说。这个事情是《曹瞒传》记载的，《曹瞒传》是一部对曹操不友好的传记，然后被《后汉书》当作史实记录下来，然后再被《三国演义》大加渲染，以证明曹操如何如何的奸贼，是个汉贼，这样欺负皇后。那么这件事情吕思勉先生说：一望而知其是附会之谈，一眼就可以看出是假的，根本就靠不住。而且吕思勉先生特别强调一点，不要以为写进了《后汉书》就是可靠的，《后汉书》里面靠不住的事情多了去，你以为《后汉书》是什么四大之列就怎么着了。
So what happened to the case of Queen Fu? Empress Fu was killed by Cao Cao in the 19th year of Jian’an, two years after Xunyu’s death. It was said that the letter she had written to her father, Fu Wan, had gone wrong. Then Cao Cao sent the imperial historian, Xi Si, and the newly appointed minister, Hua Xin, to the palace to catch Queen Fu. Queen Fu closed the palace door and hid himself in the wall. There was probably a wall between them. Hua Xin, with his men and horses, rushed in and smashed the door, knocking down the wall, and dragging Queen Fu out of the wall. “The queen walked past the emperor with her shining shawl and feet, tears in her eyes, and said to the emperor, ‘Your Majesty can’t save me?'”? The emperor said that I didn’t know which day to die yet, and then the emperor said to Xi Xi, “Xi Gong, is there such a thing in the world?”? Then Xi Xi sat there, saying nothing. This incident was recorded in the “Biography of Cao Lian”, which is a biography of the unfriendly nature of Cao Cao. It was recorded as a historical fact in the “Book of the Later Han Dynasty”, and then greatly exaggerated in the “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” to prove how Cao Cao was a traitor, a Han thief, and thus bullied the Queen. “So Mr. Lv Simian said, ‘At a glance, it’s a side talk, and at a glance, it can be seen that it’s false and simply unreliable.'”. Moreover, Mr. Lv Simian emphasized one point in particular: Don’t assume that writing into “The Book of the Later Han Dynasty” is reliable. There are many unreliable things in “The Book of the Later Han Dynasty”. What do you think is the four major categories of “The Book of the Later Han Dynasty”.
