在三国历史上，赤壁之战是一个分水岭：赤壁之战前，群雄割据；赤壁之战后，魏蜀吴三足鼎立基本形成。曹操虽然挟天子以令诸侯，但他的实力从此不再到达顶峰，那么，曹操会善罢甘休吗？赤壁之战后，在军事上曹操还会采取什么行动呢？厦门大学易中天教授做客《百家讲坛》，为您精彩品三国之——半途而废。
三国是一个风云变幻、沧海横流、英雄辈出、令人神往的时代，很多英雄人物在这里大显身手，叱咤风云，正可谓“江山如画，一时多少豪杰”，三国时代，也成为人们津津乐道的话题。从2006年2月开始，《百家讲坛》推出《易中天品三国》系列节目，到8月30日一共播出了二十四集，易中天先生在前二十四集中以“魏武挥鞭”和“孙刘联盟”为主线，讲述了魏、蜀、吴三大集团的形成和斗争过程，刻画了以曹操、刘备、孙权为首的三国人物群像。在节目中，易中天先生以故事说人物，以人物说历史，以历史说文化，以文化说人性，揭开疑云重重的帷幕，讲述了那段波澜壮阔的历史。
从第二十五集开始，易中天先生将从赤壁之战后的曹操讲起，为您继续品读三国历史。曹操作为一个有雄心壮志的人，虽然在赤壁战败，军事上遭受失利，但曹操的理想是荡平四海、一统九州，他会就此罢休吗？接下来，他还会采取什么行动呢？厦门大学易中天教授做客《百家讲坛》，为您精彩品三国之“半途而废”。
In the history of the Three Kingdoms, the Battle of Chibi was a watershed: before the Battle of Chibi, there were separatist regimes among the great powers; After the Battle of Chibi, the three pillars of Wei, Shu, and Wu were basically formed. Although Cao Cao coerced the emperor to order the princes, his strength never reached the peak again. Will Cao Cao be willing to give up? After the Battle of Chibi, what actions would Cao Cao take militarily? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is a guest at “The Hundred Lectures”, presenting you with a wonderful tasting of the Three Kingdoms – giving up halfway.
The Three Kingdoms is an era of changeable circumstances, turbulent seas, numerous heroes, and fascinating people. Many heroes and figures display their skills and dominate the world here, which can be described as “picturesque rivers and mountains, and many heroes at one time”. The Three Kingdoms era has also become a topic of great interest for people to talk about. Starting from February 2006, “The Hundred Lectures” launched a series of programs titled “Yi Zhongtian Tastes the Three Kingdoms”. By August 30, a total of 24 episodes were aired. In the first 24 episodes, Mr. Yi Zhongtian described the formation and struggle of the three major groups of Wei, Shu, and Wu, with “Wei Wu’s Whiplash” and “Sun Liu’s Alliance” as the main lines, and depicted the group portraits of the three kingdoms headed by Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan. In the program, Mr. Yi Zhongtian used stories to describe characters, characters to describe history, history to describe culture, and culture to describe humanity. He opened the curtain of doubts and told the magnificent history.
Starting from the 25th episode, Mr. Yi Zhongtian will continue to read the history of the Three Kingdoms, starting with Cao Cao after the Battle of Chibi. As an ambitious person, although Cao Cao was defeated in the Red Cliff War and suffered military losses, his ideal was to wipe out the four seas and unify the nine states. Will he stop there? What action will he take next? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is a guest at “The Hundred Lectures”, offering you a wonderful taste of the “Give up halfway” of the Three Kingdoms.
易中天：
赤壁之战以后，曹操在军事上主要做了三件事情，那就是破马、韩，征孙权，伐张鲁，我们一件件事情来说。
先说第一件事情，破马、韩。破马、韩就是破马超、韩遂。
＊马超和韩遂，是东汉末年盘踞在关中的割据势力。曹操在赤壁吃了败仗之后，在暂时无法撼动孙、刘联军的情况下，于是就把目光瞄准了马超、韩遂这样力量较弱的割据势力，在建安十六年，也就是赤壁之战后两年多，曹操开始了征马超和韩遂的军事行动。那么，马超和韩遂好打吗？
Yi Zhongtian:
After the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao mainly did three things in military affairs, that is, breaking the horse, Han, conquering Sun Quan, and attacking Zhang Lu. Let’s take one thing at a time.
Let me start with the first thing, Poma and Han. Breaking Ma and Han are breaking Ma Chao and Han Sui.
Ma Chao and Han Sui were separatist forces entrenched in Guanzhong in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After losing the battle in Chibi, Cao Cao was unable to shake the Sun and Liu allied forces for the time being, so he focused on weak separatist forces such as Ma Chao and Han Sui. In the 16th year of Jian’an, more than two years after the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao began military operations against Ma Chao and Han Sui. So, are Ma Chao and Han Sui good at fighting?
但是马超和韩遂不好打，为什么不好打呢？马超和韩遂是朝廷命官，就是他们的这个官职是朝廷正式任命的，又没有什么造反的举动和嫌疑，你莫名其妙去打他，这个事情没有道理啊。但是马超和韩遂又是曹操必须消灭的，怎么办？曹操就想了一个鬼主意，逼马超和韩遂造反，因此他在建安十六年的春天命令钟繇西征张鲁。张鲁也是一个割据一方的地方政权，那么张鲁在哪儿呢？张鲁在汉中，那么曹操出兵去征张鲁，必然要路过马超和韩遂的地盘，因为马超和韩遂在关中。所以曹操这个命令一下，马上就有人反对，很多人就去找曹操说，不能这样搞啊。他们说，你去征张鲁，必然要路过马超和韩遂的防地，张鲁是个什么人呢？这个张鲁是一个深山老林里面的，成不了气候的一个人；而马超和韩遂这些人他也胸无大志，他就是想守住他那块地盘就算了，你现在去打张鲁不是把他们两个惹急了吗？他们两个惹急了起来造反怎么办呢？曹操听了以后肚子里面好笑，我就是要他造反，他不造反我没理由打他呀，狡猾狡猾的。
But Ma Chao and Han Sui are not easy to fight, why not? Ma Chao and Han Sui were appointed officials by the imperial court, and their positions were officially appointed by the court. There were no acts of rebellion or suspicion. You went to beat him for no reason. This matter makes no sense. But Ma Chao and Han Sui were the ones Cao Cao had to eliminate. What should we do? Cao Cao had a devilish idea and forced Ma Chao and Han Sui to rebel. Therefore, in the spring of the 16th year of Jian’an, he ordered Zhong You to march west against Zhang Lu. Zhang Lu is also a separatist local regime, so where is Zhang Lu? “If Zhang Lu was in Hanzhong, Cao Cao would have to pass through the territory of Ma Chao and Han Sui when he sent troops to invade Zhang Lu, because Ma Chao and Han Sui were in Guanzhong.”. So when Cao Cao gave this order, immediately some people opposed it, and many people went to Cao Cao and said, “We can’t do this.”. They said, “When you go to levy on Zhang Lu, you must pass through the defenses of Ma Chao and Han Sui. Who is Zhang Lu?”? This Zhang Lu is a person in the deep mountains and forests who cannot become a climate; “And Ma Chao and Han Sui, these people, have no ambition. He just wants to hold onto his territory. Don’t you worry about them by going to fight Zhang Lu now?”? What should they do if they provoke a rebellion? After hearing this, Cao Cao felt funny inside. I just wanted him to rebel. If he didn’t rebel, I had no reason to beat him. He was cunning and cunning.
总而言之钟繇的军队开过去了，开过去了以后马超和韩遂那么一伙人就反了，当时联合了十路诸侯号称十万人马，驻守在潼关，准备和曹操拼个鱼死网破。这么一打呢，当时就有人来提醒曹操了，说这个马超和韩遂恐怕不好对付，他们是关西兵，关西兵“习用长矛”，这个长兵器啊，你要注意了。曹操倒说不用没关系，他们不就是有长矛吗，我让他的长矛刺不出来，军队就开过去。
开过去以后，事情不是像曹操说得那么简单，实际上战争开始是很艰巨的。当时曹操率领军队北渡黄河，渡黄河的时候，曹操让大部队先走，自己带了几百个精兵断后，亲自断后。这个时候曹操只有几百人，马超带了一万人，杀了过来。曹操还坐那儿不动，周围的将领一看不妙，架起曹操就走，说丞相你不能再在这儿坐着了，马超一万人过来了，就把他架到船上。这个时候马超的军队已经过来了，马超下令放箭，“矢下如雨”，箭射过去像下雨似的。已经过河的部队不知道曹操是个什么样的情况，惊慌失措，等到曹操渡过黄河以后，大家见到曹操以后才抱头痛哭。曹操笑了，呵呵，是是是，今天是有点危险，差点就让一个小贼给干掉了啊。
In a word, Zhong You’s army passed, and after passing, a group like Ma Chao and Han Sui rebelled. At that time, they joined forces with the Ten Route Marquises, known as 100000 men, and stationed at Tongguan, preparing to fight against Cao Cao. After such a fight, someone came to remind Cao Cao that Ma Chao and Han Sui might not be easy to deal with. They are Guanxi soldiers, who are “accustomed to using spears”. This long weapon, you should pay attention. Cao Cao said it doesn’t matter. They just have spears. If I don’t let his spears come out, the army will drive over.
After driving past, things are not as simple as Cao Cao said, but in fact, the beginning of the war is very difficult. At that time, Cao Cao led his army to cross the Yellow River to the north. When crossing the Yellow River, Cao Cao let the large army go first. He brought hundreds of elite soldiers with him to cut off the queen and personally cut off the queen. At this time, Cao Cao only had a few hundred people, while Ma Chao brought 10000 people and killed them. “Cao Cao was still sitting there, and when the generals around him looked bad, they picked up Cao Cao and left, saying, Prime Minister, you can’t sit here anymore. When Ma Chao’s 10000 people came over, they put him on board.”. By this time, Ma Chao’s army had already arrived, and Ma Chao ordered the arrows to be fired, saying, “The arrows fell like rain,” and the arrows passed like rain. The troops who had already crossed the river did not know what kind of situation Cao Cao was in, and were panicked. When Cao Cao crossed the Yellow River, everyone held their heads and cried bitterly when they saw him. Cao Cao smiled and said, ‘Oh, yes, it’s a bit dangerous today. I almost got killed by a thief.’.
＊马超和韩遂虽然力量较弱，但曹操要想打败他们也并不容易。在战胜开始阶段，双方互有胜负，在战争转入相持阶段后，曹操不仅在局部战斗中获得了胜利，还故意坚守营寨不出。马超和韩遂因为是联军作战，希望速战速决，曹操的拖延对马超和韩遂的联合军事行动不利，战争的主动权已经到了曹操的手上。
这个时候马超和韩遂就提出来，割地求和，就是我们愿意奉献一点地方出来，是不是就饶了我们。而且我们还愿意“质子”，就是把我们的子弟送到你那儿去做人质，行不行？曹操就问贾诩，你看怎么办？贾诩说：“伪许之”。“伪许之”什么意思呢，假装答应他。曹操又问，“伪许之”以后呢？贾诩说：“离之而已”，就是把他们拆散了。曹操马上明白了，用离间计。
Although Ma Chao and Han Sui were weak, it was not easy for Cao Cao to defeat them. At the beginning of the victory, the two sides had a mutual victory or defeat. After the war turned into a stalemate, Cao Cao not only won the local battle, but also deliberately stuck to the camp. Ma Chao and Han Sui hoped for a quick decision because they were allied forces. Cao Cao’s delay was detrimental to Ma Chao and Han Sui’s joint military operations, and the initiative in the war had already been in Cao Cao’s hands.
At this moment, Ma Chao and Han Sui proposed to seek peace by dividing the land, which means that if we are willing to dedicate some space, will we just spare us. And we are willing to “proton”, which means sending our children to you as hostages, okay? Cao Cao asked Jia Xu, “What do you think we should do?”? Jia Xu said, “Fake Xu.”. What does “false promise” mean? Pretend to promise him. Cao Cao asked again, “What will happen after the fake Xu Zhi?”? Jia Xu said, “It’s just a separation,” which means breaking them apart. Cao Cao immediately understood and used the strategy of separation.
＊马超和韩遂联手抗曹，这是为自己的生存而战，因为曹操征讨马超和韩遂，就是要把他们的势力范围——关中拿下，荡平像他们这样的割据势力。在这种情况下，虽然战场上的较量对马超和韩遂不利，但他们没有退路，肯定是要和曹操拼到底的。那么此时曹操要用离间计来瓦解马超和韩遂的联军，有这种可能吗？
有，因为马超和韩遂的关系很微妙，马超的父亲叫马腾，马腾和韩遂是老朋友；但是后来两家闹翻了，反目为仇，是曹操出来居中调解，把马腾调到朝廷去做官；韩遂才跟马腾的儿子马超他又勾结起来，又联合起来。所以他们本来就是有些疙疙瘩瘩的，那么既然是疙疙瘩瘩的，那就可以使离间计。
“Ma Chao and Han Sui joined forces to fight Cao Cao, fighting for their own survival, because Cao Cao’s conquest of Ma Chao and Han Sui was to take down their sphere of influence – Guanzhong, and wipe out separatist forces like them.”. In this situation, although the battle on the battlefield is unfavorable for Ma Chao and Han Sui, they have no way out, and must definitely fight Cao Cao to the end. Is it possible for Cao Cao to use a separatist strategy to disrupt the allied forces of Ma Chao and Han Sui at this time?
Yes, because the relationship between Ma Chao and Han Sui is very delicate. Ma Chao’s father is Ma Teng, and Ma Teng and Han Sui are old friends; But then the two families fell out and turned against each other. Cao Cao came out to mediate and transferred Ma Teng to the imperial court as an official; Han Suicai and Ma Chao, Ma Teng’s son, colluded and united again. So they have some bumps originally, so since they have bumps, it can make a difference.
但是要有一个机会，机会呢，说来就来。有一天两军交战，都把阵布好了，韩遂提出来要见曹操一面，曹操说行啊，那我们两个就见一面吧。于是韩遂和曹操二人打马上前，走到两阵之间的中间地带，怎么样呢？“交马语移时”，什么叫“交马语移时”呢，就是他们两个的马马头都这样错过来，都这样碰着了，两个人骑在马上聊天，聊了多长时间呢？一个多时辰，古代的一个时辰相当于现在两个小时，就是他们聊了两个多小时，说什么呢？“但说京都旧故”，因为曹操跟韩遂和韩遂的父亲都是旧人，曹操跟韩遂的父亲是同岁孝廉，就是同一年被举为孝廉的，曹操和韩遂又曾经同朝为官，所以说是应该是老朋友，所以多少年没见了就叙叙旧，谈谈以前的那些故事。两个人谈得高兴的时候抚手欢笑，摸着手哈哈哈哈笑笑笑，谈完了，回去了。回去以后马超就问韩遂，曹操跟你说什么了？韩遂的回答是：“无所言也”，没说什么啊。本来就没说什么嘛，他不本来就没说什么，马超不相信啊，说你们两个人，跑到那个当中去，马头都这样错开了，亲亲热热谈了两个半小时，你说没说什么，谁信啊！这心里面就开始嘀咕了吧。
But if there is an opportunity, it comes right away. One day, when the two armies were engaged in battle and the formation was laid out, Han Sui proposed to meet Cao Cao. Cao Cao said yes, let’s meet together. So Han Sui and Cao Cao fought immediately and walked to the middle of the two formations. How about that? “Jiaoma language shishi”, what is called “Jiaoma language shishi”, is that both of their horse heads are so wrong, and they both bump into each other like this. How long have they been chatting on horseback? “One hour or more, in ancient times, one hour was equivalent to two hours now, which means they chatted for over two hours. What did they say?”? “But speaking of the old story of Kyoto,” because Cao Cao and Han Sui and their fathers were both old people, Cao Cao and Han Sui’s father were both filial and honest at the same age, who were promoted to be filial and honest in the same year. Cao Cao and Han Sui were once officials in the same dynasty, so they should be old friends, so if they haven’t seen each other for many years, they will recount the past and talk about the previous stories. When the two of them were happy talking, they touched their hands and laughed happily. After the conversation, they went back. After returning, Ma Chao asked Han Sui, “What did Cao Cao say to you?”? Han Sui’s answer was, “There’s nothing to say.” He didn’t say anything. Didn’t say anything originally, he didn’t say anything originally, Ma Chao didn’t believe it. He said that you two ran into the middle of it, and the horses’ heads were so staggered that they talked passionately for two and a half hours. You said nothing, who believes me! This heart began to murmur.
过了几天，大概是第三天吧，韩遂又提出来见曹操，这次把马超带上，跟马超一起去见曹操。曹操马上就变脸了，这一次曹操不一个人来了，带了军队来，后面跟了一个横刀立马的许褚，瞪着俩眼睛，瞪着谁啊？瞪马超。然后在身前设了屏障，叫做“木行马”，“木行马”就是木头扎的那种障碍物。就是韩遂来跟我谈话呢，我就是打马上前“交马语移时”，亲亲热热；你马超来了我信不过你，我先设障碍，我后面还跟一个人，骑着马拿着刀，俩眼瞪着你，明显地表示对马超不信任。明显地表示对韩遂、对马超分别对待。
那么这次见面很有意思，有三件事情值得说。第一，是这次见面的时候韩、马联军的那些将领们都过来在马上向曹操拱手行礼，都过来了，丞相好。这要打仗了，他还问好，这是第一个事情。第二个，马、韩联军的士兵们争先恐后地往前面挤，要去看曹操，都把脖子伸得长长的，后面的人往前面挤，前面的人再往前面走。于是曹操就打马上前，说诸位是要看曹操吧，我就是啊，两眼睛一个鼻子，不比你们多什么，要说多就多一点智慧。这个故事我们以前也讲过，这是第二件事情。那么第三件事情就是什么呢，就是曹操这个话说完了以后，这些争着看曹操的人才反应过来，然后再以看曹操身后，五千铁骑兵，所有人手上拿的都是最精良的武器，他们的武器在阳光下闪闪发光，当时马、韩联军就基本上丧失了斗志。
After a few days, probably the third day, Han Sui proposed to meet Cao Cao again. This time, he took Ma Chao with him and went to see Cao Cao together. Cao Cao immediately changed his face. This time, Cao Cao came alone, bringing an army, followed by Xu Chu, who was immediately stabbed with a knife and glared at him. Who were you staring at? Stare at Ma Chao. Then a barrier was set up in front of the body, called a “wooden horse”, which is a kind of barrier made of wood. “Han Sui came to talk to me, and I just walked up and said, ‘Let’s talk to each other.'”; “I can’t believe you when Ma Chao comes. I’ll set obstacles first, and I’ll follow a person behind me, riding a horse with a knife and staring at you with both eyes, which clearly shows that I don’t trust Ma Chao.”. Obviously, they treated Han Sui and Ma Chao separately.
So this meeting was very interesting, and there are three things worth saying. First, when we met this time, the generals of the Han and Ma allied forces all came over and saluted Cao Cao immediately. They all came over, good morning, Prime Minister. “This is going to be a war, and he said hello. This is the first thing.”. Second, the soldiers of the Horse and Korean Allied Army rushed forward, stretching their necks long to see Cao Cao. Those behind them pushed forward, while those in front walked forward. So Cao Cao immediately said, “You guys want to see Cao Cao, right? I am, with two eyes and one nose, nothing more than you. If you want to say more, just a little more wisdom.”. This story we have told before, and this is the second thing. So what’s the third thing? After Cao Cao’s words were finished, these people who were eager to see him reacted, and then looked at the 5000 iron cavalry soldiers behind Cao Cao. All of them were armed with the finest weapons, and their weapons shone in the sunlight. At that time, the horse and Korean allied forces basically lost their fighting spirit.
那么有了这么多铺垫以后，曹操就正式用计了，曹操给韩遂写了一封信，写好以后在信上面圈圈点点涂涂抹抹，删去一些字，加上一些字，然后送给韩遂。那这封信写什么我们不知道，书上没有记载它的内容，但是可以肯定三点：第一点，就是曹操料定这封信马超必看；第二点，就是曹操写的这封信歧义甚多，含糊其辞，闪烁其辞，一句话你可以这样理解也可以那样理解，还要篡改；那么第三点呢，就是让人一看就是收信人改的，不是写信人改的！全部在曹操预料之中，马超果然看到这封信，然后果然怀疑韩遂跟曹操有什么不可告人的勾当，曹操写了一封信来了以后被韩遂篡改过了，从此马超就再也不相信韩遂。
With so much preparation, Cao Cao officially used his plan. Cao Cao wrote a letter to Han Sui. After writing it, he dotted the letter in circles, deleted some words, added some words, and sent it to Han Sui. “We don’t know what to write in this letter. There is no record of its content in the book, but there are three points that can be confirmed: First, Cao Cao expected this letter to be read by Ma Chao;”; The second point is that the letter written by Cao Cao has many ambiguities, ambiguities, and evasions. You can understand a sentence in this way or that way, and you need to tamper with it; So the third point is to let people see that the recipient changed it, not the writer! As Cao Cao expected, Ma Chao saw this letter and doubted that Han Sui had some shady dealings with Cao Cao. After Cao Cao wrote a letter, it was tampered with by Han Sui, and Ma Chao never trusted Han Sui again.
那么我们知道，联军作战最害怕的是主帅不和。你要知道这个马韩联军号称十路诸侯，十万人马，实际上是乌合之众，每个人都是心怀鬼胎的，每个人都有自己的小算盘、小九九，领头的就是马超和韩遂，他们两个起了猜疑了这个仗就没法打了。在这个前提下曹操开始进军，一仗就打得马超和韩遂落花流水。
＊马超和韩遂中了曹操的离间计，两个人相互猜忌，在这种情况下曹操很轻易就打败了马超和韩遂的联军。但曹操穷寇不追，放跑了二人，这是曹操在赤壁之战后的第一个半途而废。接下来曹操征孙权，这应该是曹操报赤壁之战之仇的一个好机会，那么，曹操还会半途而废吗？
So we know that the most feared factor in coalition operations is the disagreement between the commanders. “You should know that this Malaysian-Korean alliance is known as the 10th Route Marquis, with 100000 troops. In fact, it is a mob. Everyone has their own tricks in their hearts, and everyone has their own tricks. The leaders are Ma Chao and Han Sui. If they become suspicious, they will not be able to fight this battle.”. On this premise, Cao Cao began to march, and in a single battle, Ma Chao and Han Sui fell to pieces.
Ma Chao and Han Sui were caught in Cao Cao’s plot to alienate each other, and the two men were suspicious of each other. In this case, Cao Cao easily defeated the allied forces of Ma Chao and Han Sui. However, Cao Cao’s poor bandits did not pursue them and let them go. This was the first time Cao Cao gave up halfway after the Battle of Chibi. Next, Cao Cao marches on Sun Quan. This should be a good opportunity for Cao Cao to avenge the Battle of Chibi. So, will Cao Cao still give up halfway?
那么第二件事情呢，就是征孙权。这个马超和韩遂平定了以后，曹操认为可以来打孙权了，但是打孙权之前，曹操先给孙权写了一封长信，这当然是别人代笔的，别人捉刀代笔。很长的一封文才很华丽的信，但是内容很简单，就是开出条件来，说你孙权如果答应我杀了张昭和刘备，江东这块地方永远归你，朝廷还要给你加官进爵，如果你舍不得杀张昭，单杀刘备也行。但是孙权不吃这一套，孙权已经做好了和曹操决战的准备，他做了两件事情：第一件事情就是把他的治所——因为孙权这个时候还不是一个国家，那不能叫首都，只能叫治所——把他的治所从京移到了建业，京就是现在江苏省的镇江市，建业就是现在江苏省的南京市；第二件事情就是在濡须口，濡须在哪儿，现在安徽省的无为县，在那个地方建了一个军港，就是准备要抵抗曹操。
So the second thing is to levy Sun Quan. After Ma Chao and Han Sui settled down, Cao Cao thought it was time to attack Sun Quan. However, before attacking Sun Quan, Cao Cao wrote a long letter to Sun Quan. Of course, it was written by someone else, and someone else took the sword and wrote it instead. This is a long and magnificent letter with literary talent, but the content is very simple. It is to make a condition that if Sun Quan agrees to kill Zhang Zhao and Liu Bei, the place in Jiangdong will always belong to you, and the court will also increase your official rank and rank. If you are unwilling to kill Zhang Zhao, you can kill Liu Bei alone. However, Sun Quan did not accept this tactic. Sun Quan was already ready to fight Cao Cao. He did two things: The first thing was to transfer his governing seat – because Sun Quan was not a country at this time, it could not be called the capital, it could only be called the governing seat – from Beijing to Jianye, which is now Zhenjiang City in Jiangsu Province, and Jianye is now Nanjing City in Jiangsu Province; The second thing is at Ruxu Kou, where is Ruxu? Now in Wuwei County, Anhui Province, a military port has been built there, ready to resist Cao Cao.
