打下来了以后的结果呢？是张卫投降了，张卫投降，张鲁就跑到巴中去了，张鲁就跑到巴中去了以后也过了没多久，也投降了。因为张鲁本来就是要投降的，只是他下面又有人不同意，说这样投降了我们的价钱都不好讲，我们先抵抗一下，讲点价。大概抵抗一下，讲点价，他投降了，投降以后曹操给他很高的待遇，汉中这块地方就被曹操平定了。
＊曹操打下了汉中，张鲁投降，曹操不仅扩大了势力范围，还威胁到了刘备集团的安慰，因为汉中是蜀郡的咽喉和门户，汉中被曹操拿下，蜀郡就直接和曹操的军事力量对峙。曹操如果乘胜进军，就可能威胁蜀郡的安慰，那么这个时候，曹操会乘胜进军吗？曹操的手下又是如何建议的呢？
What’s the result after the fight? “It was Zhang Wei who surrendered. Zhang Wei surrendered, and Zhang Lu ran to Bazhong. Zhang Lu ran to Bazhong, and after a while, he also surrendered.”. “Because Zhang Lu was originally about to surrender, but someone below him disagreed, saying that if we surrender like this, our price is not easy to negotiate. Let’s resist first and negotiate a price.”. “Probably resist and negotiate a price. He surrendered. After surrendering, Cao Cao gave him a high treatment, and this area of Hanzhong was pacified by Cao Cao.”.
“When Cao Cao defeated Hanzhong and Zhang Lu surrendered, Cao Cao not only expanded his sphere of influence, but also threatened the comfort of the Liu Bei Group. As Hanzhong was the throat and gateway of the Shu Prefecture, when Han Zhong was captured by Cao Cao, the Shu Prefecture directly confronted Cao’s military forces.”. If Cao Cao marches with victory, he may threaten the comfort of Shu County. Will Cao Cao march with victory at this time? What did Cao Cao’s subordinates suggest?
很多人主张这个时候应该一鼓作气，乘胜追击，拿下蜀郡。提出这个建议的有两个人，一个就是刘晔，还有一个司马懿，这两个人当时都担任曹操军队里的高级幕僚。那么刘晔就跟曹操说，说刘备这个人是个英雄，但是刘备有一个小缺点，就是他的反应总是比我们慢半拍，现在他还没反应过来，而且他依靠巧取豪夺的手段从刘璋的手上夺得了蜀郡，人心不服，脚跟不稳，这个时候去打他最是时候；一旦他站稳了脚跟就不好对付了，为什么呢，他文有诸葛亮善于治国，武有关羽、张飞百战百胜，那个时候我们就搞不掂了呀，这是刘晔的说法。司马懿怎么说的呢？司马懿说了一句非常有名的话，叫做“圣人不能违时，亦不失时矣”。就是一个聪明人，你不能跟这个天时、机遇拧着干，时机不成熟的时候你硬要干，这个是不可以的；但是也不可以说时机、机遇来了以后你不做，你放过它，也是不可以的。这些话应该说都说得非常有道理，而且非常的到位，但是曹操没有接受。根据《晋书?宣帝纪》，就是根据司马懿的传记里面记载的，说是曹操说了这样一句话，“人苦无足，既得陇右，复欲得蜀。”他说人哪，唉，就是贪心不足啊，得陇望蜀，已经得了陇，还想要蜀。他的意思就是说哎呀，人何比那么贪心不足呢？得陇了就不要望蜀了吧！他决定撤军，不再往前进了。
Many people believe that at this time, we should work hard and pursue the victory to win the Shu County. Two people proposed this proposal, Liu Ye and Sima Yi, both of whom served as senior staff members in Cao Cao’s army at the time. Liu Ye then told Cao Cao that Liu Bei was a hero, but Liu Bei had one small drawback: his reaction was always slower than ours. Now he hasn’t reacted yet, and he took Shu County from Liu Zhang’s hand by means of cunning and usurpation. His heart was not convinced and his heels were unstable. This is the best time to attack him; “Once he has established his footing, it will be difficult to deal with. Why? He has Zhuge Liang who is good at governing the country, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei who have won every battle in martial arts. At that time, we couldn’t figure it out. That’s what Liu Ye said.”. What did Sima Yi say? Sima Yi said a very famous saying, “A saint cannot disobey the time, nor lose it.”. “You are a wise person, and you cannot work against this time and opportunity. When the time is not ripe, you must work hard. This is not allowed;”; However, it cannot be said that if you don’t do it when the opportunity comes, you can’t let it go. These words should have been said with great reason and in a very good position, but Cao Cao did not accept them. According to the “Book of Jin? The Annals of Emperor Xuandi”, and according to the biography of Sima Yi, it is said that Cao Cao once said, “People who suffer without enough, have already obtained Longyou, and have regained their desire to obtain Shu.” He said, alas, it is lack of greed. After obtaining Longyou, you have already obtained Longyou, and you still want Shu. What he meant was, alas, how could a person be so greedy? Don’t look at Shu when you get to Long! He decided to withdraw his troops and stop moving forward.
＊从曹操最初的设想来看，他伐张鲁的战争是取得了胜利，张鲁投降了，汉中也到了曹操的手里。虽然这个时候再去打刘备应该说是一个非常好的时机，但曹操是得陇不望蜀，打下了汉中就不想再去进攻蜀郡了，于是曹操撤兵。易中天先生认为，曹操不去打刘备而撤兵，是曹操一生中最大的遗憾之一，他因此永远地失去了统一中国的可能性，这是为什么呢？
曹操一走刘备就牛起来了，因为刘备这一辈子他只怕一个人，曹操，刘备当年在徐州的时候，曹操去征讨他，他说曹操不会来的，没事儿，大家在这儿坐着，后来人家说你看曹操来了，旗子都看见了，刘备一看见曹操的旗帜掉头就跑，他就怕曹操。但是他不怕别人，曹操手下人他不怕。
From Cao Cao’s initial assumption, his war against Zhang Lu was a victory. Zhang Lu surrendered, and Hanzhong also fell into Cao Cao’s hands. Although it should be said that it was a very good time to attack Liu Bei again at this time, Cao Cao did not want to attack Shu after he had captured Hanzhong. Therefore, Cao Cao withdrew his troops. Mr. Yi Zhongtian believed that Cao Cao’s withdrawal without attacking Liu Bei was one of the greatest regrets of Cao Cao’s life, and he lost the possibility of unifying China forever. Why?
As soon as Cao Cao left, Liu Bei became arrogant, because he had only been afraid of one person in his lifetime. Cao Cao, when Liu Bei was in Xuzhou, Cao Cao went to crusade him. He said that Cao Cao would not come, it’s okay. Everyone sat here, and later they said you saw Cao Cao coming, and the flag was visible. As soon as Liu Bei saw Cao Cao’s flag turn around, he ran away, and he was afraid of Cao Cao. But he is not afraid of others, and Cao Cao’s subordinates are not afraid of him.
