它有“遂与”两个字，也就是说于是刘备才和董承结盟了。碰巧刘备又被曹操派出去打袁绍，“未发”，所以又没有搀和进去。这两个碰巧，太巧了，逻辑上有问题，所以《三国演义》就把这个次序颠倒了，是刘备先参加了董承的密谋，然后曹操又说了那句话，所以刘备就跑了。这样一来从逻辑上讲是通了，但是刘备的人品就可疑了，你不是和董承赌咒发誓歃血会盟立券书名铁了心要干掉那操贼吗？怎么事情还没开始，你才见了一根井绳就像见了蛇一样的就溜之大吉了呢？你应该留在京城观望一会儿，看看有没有机会下手啊。那么对于刘备来说是万岁爷的性命重要，还是你刘备的性命重要呢？你就是这样做忠臣的吗？忠臣不是应该为国献身吗，为国捐躯吗，为皇上分忧吗？你怎么拔腿就跑了呢？又有了问题。那这样一来问题就集中在一个问题上，就是刘备去拦截袁术，是他自己主动要求的，还是曹操派他去的？
It has the words “Sui and”, which means that Liu Beicai and Dong Cheng formed an alliance. It happened that Liu Bei was sent out by Cao Cao to fight against Yuan Shao again, but he didn’t get involved. “These two happen to have a logical problem, so the Romance of the Three Kingdoms reversed the order. It was Liu Bei who participated in Dong Cheng’s plot first, and then Cao Cao said that sentence again, so Liu Bei ran away.”. This makes logical sense, but Liu Bei’s character is suspicious. Didn’t you swear with Dong Cheng to swear a vow of blood union, establish a certificate, and have a firm heart to kill that bloody thief? Why did you just slip away from a well rope like a snake before things started? You should stay in the capital and watch for a while to see if you have a chance to start. So is it important for Liu Bei to live a long life, or is it important for you, Liu Bei? Is that how you become a loyal minister? Shouldn’t loyal ministers sacrifice their lives for the country, for the country, and for the emperor? Why did you just run away? There’s a problem again. In this way, the question focuses on one question: Did Liu Bei voluntarily request to intercept Yuan Shu, or did Cao Cao send him?
《三国志·先主传》的说法让我们感觉到是曹操派他去的，叫做“会见使”，这个“会”就是碰巧被派出去了，所以刘备不是贪生怕死，不是背信弃义，是身不由己，这是为刘备做了一个掩饰。但是《三国志·程昱传》的记载不一样，《程昱传》怎么记载呢？就是刘备带兵去拦截袁术以后，程昱和郭嘉得到消息，马上去找曹操，然后程昱说了一句话，程昱说什么呢，
“公前日不图备，昱等诚不及也，今借之以兵，必有异心。”
The statement in “The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms: Biography of the First Lord” makes us feel that Cao Cao sent him, called the “meeting envoy”. This “meeting” happens to be sent out by chance, so Liu Bei is not greedy for life and death, not treacherous, but involuntary. This is a cover for Liu Bei. However, the records in “Three Kingdoms Annals – Cheng Yu Biography” are different. How can they be recorded in “Cheng Yu Biography”? After Liu Bei led the troops to intercept Yuan Shu, Cheng Yu and Guo Jia got the news and immediately went to find Cao Cao. Then Cheng Yu said, “What did Cheng Yu say?”,
“The day before yesterday, I did not plan to prepare, and Yu and others were not as sincere as I could be. If I borrow it as a weapon today, I will definitely have a different heart.”
“借之以兵，必有异心”。这句话怎么理解？就是刘备不但主动地要求出去截拦袁术——因为当时袁术准备和袁绍会合，而且还向曹操借了兵，曹操还借了军队给他，程昱说这就是刘备有异心的证据。曹操听了以后后悔，派人再去追，追不回来了。然后刘备一到徐州就把徐州刺史车胄杀了，自己占了徐州，当然他运气出奇地好，碰巧这个时候袁术又死了。由此我们可以得出一个结论来，刘备是主动要求去拦截袁术的，而他去拦截袁术是一个借口，实际上是要逃离曹操的控制。
“By using it as a weapon, one must have a different heart.”. How do you understand this sentence? “Liu Bei not only actively requested to go out and intercept Yuan Shu – because Yuan Shu was preparing to meet Yuan Shao at that time, but also borrowed troops from Cao Cao, who also lent them to him. Cheng Yu said this was evidence of Liu Bei’s dissent.”. After hearing this, Cao Cao regretted and sent someone to chase him again, but he couldn’t come back. “Then as soon as Liu Bei arrived in Xuzhou, he killed Che Zhou, the governor of Xuzhou, and took possession of Xuzhou himself. Of course, he was surprisingly lucky, and it happened that Yuan Shu died again at this time.”. From this, we can draw a conclusion that Liu Bei voluntarily requested to intercept Yuan Shu, and his intention to intercept Yuan Shu was an excuse, in fact, to escape Cao Cao’s control.
刘备这样做的根本原因在于他是一个英雄，既然是英雄，他就不会心甘情愿地寄人篱下，他迟早要走。直接原因则是曹操说了那句话，戳穿了他的心思，他觉得自己不可能再韬晦下去了。那么由此推出来的结论，应该是曹操说了这句话。但是曹操又为什么要说这句话呢？曹操说这句话等于挑明了，争夺天下地就是我们俩，既然曹操是这样认为的他就应该把刘备杀了，不是少一个争天下的吗？即便他不把刘备杀了，他也至少要把刘备扣起来软禁起来，怎么把他放跑了呢？为什么方跑了他不说，还要借给他军队呢？你这叫做什么？放虎归山还如虎添翼，以曹操之狡诈或者说聪明，他不该干这个蠢事啊。这样一推论下来我们反过来又觉得整个的事件都很可疑，整个事件都是可疑的。
The fundamental reason why Liu Bei did this is that he is a hero. Since he is a hero, he will not willingly rely on others. He will leave sooner or later. The direct reason was that Cao Cao said that sentence, which pierced his mind and made him feel that he could no longer hide his depth. The conclusion drawn from this should be that Cao Cao said this sentence. But why did Cao Cao say this? “Cao Cao’s remark is tantamount to pointing out that fighting for the world is just the two of us. Since Cao Cao believes so, he should kill Liu Bei. Isn’t it that one less person is fighting for the world?”? Even if he didn’t kill Liu Bei, he would at least detain him under house arrest. How could he be released? Why did Fang run away and lend his army instead of saying so? What’s your name? “Returning a tiger to the mountain is like adding wings to a tiger. With the cunning or cleverness of Cao Cao, he shouldn’t have done such a foolish thing.”. From this reasoning, we in turn feel that the entire incident is very suspicious, and that the entire incident is suspicious.
＊事件的可疑之处在于，曹操青梅煮酒，认为普天之下只有他和刘备才算得上是英雄，但刘备既然参加了推翻曹操的衣带诏密谋，却在消灭曹操的阴谋展开之前先行离开，这算得上是英雄的所作作为吗？其次，曹操在青梅煮酒论英雄的时候竟然当着刘备的面暗示出对方是自己将来争夺天下的对手，以曹操的深谋远虑，他会说出这句话来吗？对于这两个问题，易中天先生的看法又是什么呢？
我的结论是，第一，刘备是英雄，第二，曹操说了这句话。
The suspicious aspect of the incident is that Cao Cao’s Qingmei cooked wine and believed that only he and Liu Bei were heroes in the world. However, since Liu Bei participated in the plot to overthrow Cao Cao’s imperial edict, he left first before the plot to eliminate Cao Cao began. Is this a heroic act? Secondly, when Cao Cao was discussing heroes in Qingmei’s cooking wine, he even hinted in front of Liu Bei that the other party was his opponent for the world in the future. With Cao Cao’s foresight, would he say this? What is Mr. Yi Zhongtian’s opinion on these two issues?
My conclusion is, first, Liu Bei is a hero, and second, Cao Cao said this sentence.
我们先看第一个问题，刘备是不是英雄？说刘备是英雄，很多人难以接受，这也是受《三国演义》的影响，《三国演义》给我们的印象——刘备这人是一窝囊废，也就两大本事，第一是会哭，第二是会跑，所谓刘备哭荆州，大家都知道，他借了荆州以后鲁肃来讨还荆州，刘备就问诸葛亮怎么办？诸葛亮说很简单，你就哭啊，你一哭鲁肃不就没主张了吗。其实这是不真实的，第一，刘备也不是只会哭和跑，他还会别的；第二，哭和跑也不丢人，也不能证明他窝囊，证明他不是英雄。因为我们要看他为什么哭、为什么跑，打得赢就打，打不赢就跑，这很正常嘛，打不赢我不跑我等死啊！那当然要跑，是不是。那么哭也要看他为什么哭，比方说关羽死了他哭，那不丢人，那是他的情意啊！实际上我们去看曹操，曹操跑不跑？曹操也没少跑啊，对不对，曹操刚开始起兵的时候也是打不赢就跑啊，有一次还是曹洪把马借给他他才跑掉的；曹操哭不哭，郭嘉死了曹操也哭啊，还有很多他的朋友比如鲍信死了曹操也是哭的。怎么曹操的跑和哭就不丢人，刘备跑、哭就丢人呢？这不公平嘛！
Let’s start with the first question: Is Liu Bei a hero? Many people find it difficult to accept that Liu Bei is a hero, which is also influenced by “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms”. “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” gives us the impression that Liu Bei is a coward and has only two abilities. The first is that he can cry and the second is that he can run. The so-called Liu Bei cries for Jingzhou, as everyone knows, after he borrowed Jingzhou, Lu Su came to beg Jingzhou back. Liu Bei asked Zhuge Liang what to do? “Zhuge Liang said it’s very simple, just cry. When you cry, Lu Su doesn’t have a point anymore.”. In fact, this is not true. Firstly, Liu Bei is not only able to cry and run, he can also do something else; Secondly, crying and running are not humiliating, nor can they prove that he is cowardly or that he is not a hero. “Because we need to see why he cries and why he runs. If he wins, he will fight. If he fails, he will run. This is normal. If he fails, he will run. I will die.”! Of course you have to run, don’t you. So crying also depends on why he cried. For example, when Guan Yu died, he cried. It’s not humiliating, it’s his affection! Actually, we’re going to see Cao Cao, will he run or not? “Cao Cao didn’t run less, did he? When Cao Cao first started his army, he also ran if he couldn’t win. Once, it was Cao Hong who lent him his horse before he ran away.”; Cao Cao doesn’t cry. Cao Cao also cries when Guo Jia dies, and many of his friends, such as Bao Xin, also cry when Cao Cao dies. How come Cao Cao’s running and crying are not humiliating, while Liu Bei’s running and crying are humiliating? That’s not fair!
