画外音：易中天先生认为看待一个历史人物不能简单地用道德标准来评判，也就是不能简单地说谁是好人谁是坏人。因为好人也有不好的一面，坏人也有做好事的时候，所以评价历史人物最重要的是要看他所处的历史条件和局势。那么汉末究竟是一个什么局势呢？在易中天先生眼中谁才是三国时期真的英雄呢？
东汉末年的条件和局势是什么呢？八个字：旧政已亡，新政末立。这个政指政权，也指政治，一方面东汉王朝作为一个政权它实在是不要说行将就木，严格地说应该是已经就木了，它是一个空架子了，当然那些人劝曹操当皇帝的时候就说得很清楚，普天之下没有一寸土地是东汉的，没有一个子民是东汉的，它凭什么还存在，是个空架子，只有一个名，一点实都没有了，这个政权已经亡了，但是新政权没有建立起来。另外，东汉的那个旧秩序，政治秩序没有了，三根支柱支撑帝国大厦，这个已经不存在了。东汉哪三根支柱：外戚、宦官、士族。外戚和宦官在自己内部斗争中，在董卓入京之前这两根柱子就已经垮台了，然后士族这根柱子独木难支，那么在这样一个时候最重要的是什么呢？也是八个字：重建秩序，重归一统，因为这个时候只有重归一统天下才能太平，老百姓才能过上安生日子，你想这些军阀们今天你打过来，明天我打过去，最后吃苦的是谁啊？老百姓啊，不管哪一个军阀过来都要抢粮、抢钱、抓壮丁，而我们国家是一个农业国家，我们民族是一个农业民族，农业生产是要紧的是什么呢？安定，因为农业生产要依天时，春天来了要赶快春耕，夏天来了要赶快夏耘，秋天来了赶快秋收，我这个正种庄嫁，你那儿打仗。所以人们盼望统一是盼望安定、安宁、安静、安居，安居才能乐业，乐业才能发展生产力，发展生产力民族才能昌盛，国家才能富强，人民才能幸福，所以统一是大势所趋，在这样一个前提下，我们就好做评价了，怎么评价呢？谁能做到谁是英雄，就是谁能为国家的重归统一做出贡献，把这个统一的事业往前推进，谁就是这个时代的英雄，谁是英雄呢？第一个就是曹操，如果没有曹操平定北方为将来的三家归晋打下这样一个基础的话，很难说将来历史会发展成什么样子，我们的人民还要受多少苦难；其次孙权、刘备，孙权把江东平定了，刘备把荆州的一部分益州平定了，也就是说三国鼎立，三家之主都为将来的重归一统做出了自己的贡献，因此曹操、孙权、刘备都是这个时代的英雄，因为这个统一或者一统并不是谁的专利，曹操、刘备、孙权都有都有权利，都有资格，你不能说只有曹操才有资格统一，也不能说只有刘备才有资格统一，就因为他姓了个刘，这是没道理的，而孙权也是想统一的，这个忽视孙权也是没道理的，孙权称帝以后也还是不满意的，当时要孙权去进行一些祭祀仪式孙权都不肯，他说天下没有统一我怎么能做，但是这样麻烦也就来了，因为都有权利，都有资格，都觉得应该由自己来实现天下的统一，这就造成了一个什么结果呢？就是沧海横流、英雄辈出、龙争虎斗，三国鼎立。所谓历史插曲就是这样插进来的，我们一旦知道了怎样来看待这段历史我们就很好、很容易来评价这段历史当中的历史人物，就可以解开许多谜团了，比方说荀彧之谜。
画外音：荀彧之死是三国时期一个重要谜案，荀彧是曹操手下的第一谋士，他为曹操霸业的最终确立呕心沥血，但是最后与曹操发生分歧，忧愤而死，易中天先生认为荀彧之死是个历史悲剧，同时他认为曹操其实也是个悲剧人物，那么这究竟是为什么呢？
Voice over: Mr. Yi Zhongtian believes that treating a historical figure cannot be simply judged by moral standards, that is, simply saying who is a good person and who is a bad person. “Because good people also have bad sides, and bad people sometimes do good things, the most important thing to evaluate historical figures is to look at their historical conditions and situations.”. So what was the situation in the late Han Dynasty? Who is the true hero of the Three Kingdoms period in Mr. Yi Zhongtian’s eyes?
What were the conditions and situation in the late Eastern Han Dynasty? Eight words: The old policy has died, and the new policy has not been established. The term “politics” refers to both political power and politics. On the one hand, the Eastern Han Dynasty, as a political power, should not be said to be doomed. Strictly speaking, it should have been doomed. It was an empty shelf. Of course, when those people advised Cao Cao to become emperor, they made it clear that there was no inch of land belonging to the Eastern Han Dynasty in the world, and no one of its people belonged to the Eastern Han Dynasty. Why did it still exist? It was an empty shelf, with only one name, and there was nothing left of it, This regime has died, but a new one has not been established. In addition, the old order and political order of the Eastern Han Dynasty have disappeared, and the three pillars supporting the Empire State Building no longer exist. What are the three pillars of the Eastern Han Dynasty: external relatives, eunuchs, and noble families. In their own internal struggle, the external relatives and eunuchs had already collapsed before Dong Zhuo entered the capital, and then the pillar of the gentry was hard to support. So what was the most important thing at such a time? There are also eight words: Rebuild order and return to unity, because at this time, only by returning to unity can the world be peaceful and the common people live a peaceful life. Do you think these warlords will fight today and tomorrow, and who will suffer the last? The common people, no matter which warlord comes over, they will grab food, money, and strong men. Our country is an agricultural country, and our nation is an agricultural nation. What is the important thing about agricultural production? “Stability is because agricultural production depends on the weather. When spring comes, we need to hurry up with spring plowing, when summer comes, we need to hurry up with summer plowing, and when autumn comes, we need to hurry up with autumn harvest. As a farmer, I will marry you and fight there.”. Therefore, people hope for unity because they hope for stability, tranquility, tranquility, and peaceful residence. Only by living in peace can they enjoy their careers, develop productive forces, and prosper the nation, the country, and the people. Therefore, unity is the trend of the times. Under such a premise, it is easy for us to evaluate. How can we evaluate it? Who can achieve who is a hero, that is, who can contribute to the reunification of the country and advance the cause of reunification, who is the hero of this era, who is the hero? The first is Cao Cao. Without Cao Cao calming the north and laying such a foundation for the future return of the three families to Jin, it is difficult to say how history will develop in the future and how much suffering our people will suffer; Secondly, Sun Quan and Liu Bei calmed down Jiangdong, and Liu Bei calmed down a part of Yizhou in Jingzhou. That is to say, the three kingdoms were united, and the heads of the three families made their own contributions to the future reunification. Therefore, Cao Cao, Sun Quan, and Liu Bei are all heroes of this era, because this unification or unification is not anyone’s patent. Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan all have rights and qualifications, “You can’t say that only Cao Cao is qualified for reunification, nor can you say that only Liu Bei is qualified for reunification, just because he has a surname of Liu, which is unreasonable. Sun Quan also wants to unify, and it is unreasonable to ignore Sun Quan. After Sun Quan became emperor, Sun Quan was still dissatisfied. At that time, Sun Quan was asked to perform some sacrificial ceremonies, but Sun Quan refused to do so. He said how could I do without unification in the world, but such trouble also came,”, Because everyone has rights and qualifications, and they all feel that it is up to them to achieve the unity of the world, what is the result? It is the turbulent sea, the emergence of heroes in large numbers, the struggle between dragons and tigers, and the tripod of the Three Kingdoms. The so-called historical episode is inserted in this way. Once we know how to view this history, we will be very good and easy to evaluate the historical figures in this history, and we can solve many mysteries, such as the mystery of Xun Yu.
Voice over: The death of Xunyu was an important mystery during the Three Kingdoms period. Xunyu was the first counselor under Cao Cao. He worked hard for the final establishment of Cao Cao’s hegemony, but eventually disagreed with Cao Cao and died of anxiety and anger. Mr. Yi Zhongtian believed that Xunyu’s death was a historical tragedy, while he believed that Cao Cao was also a tragic figure. So why on earth is this?
