那么严冷先生的这个观点，我部分同意，部分不完全同意。同意什么呢？同意严冷先生给我们提供的这个思路，就是诸葛亮的挥泪斩马谡绝不单纯是一个法律问题，更重要的是一个政治问题。包括我们以前讲过的废李严，也不是法律问题，是政治问题。什么政治问题呢？就是诸葛亮接手蜀汉政权的时候，这个政权的内部是不稳定的。
因为我们知道蜀汉政权它很特别，它是由三股力量组成的。第一股力量是刘备从荆州带来的人，我们称之为荆州集团，也称之为第一势利，那就包括诸葛亮、关羽、张飞这些人。这个势力在蜀汉政权当中处于高层，掌握国家主要权力。第二股力量是刘璋留下的人，或者刘璋父子，刘焉、刘璋的人，他们入川的时候带到益州的，包括李严这些人。这一股势力我们称之为东州集团，就是第二势力，他们处在蜀汉政权的中层。第三股力量就是益州土生土长的那些官僚、官员，还有本土的豪族、大族、士族，益州人，或者用现在话说四川人。这是第三种力量，他们叫做以州集团，也叫第三势力，他们处于政权的底层。那么这样的一个鸡尾酒的结构，它是不安定的，下面两层是不服气的。尤其是刘备去世的时候是什么样的情况？兵败猇亭，你打了一个打败仗回来，然后病死在永安，然后一个丞相把这个权力结果来代行君权，这个整个是不安定的。所以我曾经讲过16个字，就是：刘备建国基础不牢，猇亭兵败地动山摇。在这样一个情况下，一个丞相出来代行君权，是很麻烦的，是很困那的，是有很多人心里面不服，盯着他的。嘴巴里不说，暗中看着你。尤其像李严这些人，李严作为托孤之副，本来就对这个为正的他是不服的，而且就在诸葛亮北伐的前一年，李严已经向诸葛亮叫板，说丞相啊，是不是也划出五个郡来成立一个巴州，让我当个巴州刺史啊？你不是益州牧吗，你当得州牧，我当不得刺史？和尚摸得我摸不得？已经叫板了，我估计这个时候诸葛亮已经在考虑如何处理李严问题了，因为这个钉子迟早要拔掉。
So, I agree with Mr. Yan Leng partly, but not entirely. Agree on what? Agree with the idea provided by Mr. Yan Leng that Zhuge Liang’s tearful beheading of Ma Su is not simply a legal issue, but more importantly, a political issue. “Even the abolishment of Li Yan, as we mentioned before, is not a legal issue, but a political issue.”. What political issue? When Zhuge Liang took over the Shu Han regime, the internal structure of the regime was unstable.
Because we know that the Shu Han regime is very special, and it is composed of three forces. The first force is the people Liu Bei brought from Jingzhou, which we call the Jingzhou Group, also known as the first snob, including Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei. This force is at the top of the Shu Han regime and holds the main power of the country. The second force is the people left behind by Liu Zhang, or Liu Zhang’s father and son, Liu Yan, and Liu Zhang’s people, who brought them to Yizhou when they entered Sichuan, including Li Yan and others. This force, which we call the Dongzhou Group, is the second force, located at the middle level of the Shu Han regime. The third force is the bureaucrats and officials born and bred in Yizhou, as well as the local Haozu, Dazu, Shizu, Yizhou people, or Sichuan people in modern terms. This is the third force. They are called the Yizhou Group, also known as the Third Force, and they are at the bottom of the regime. So the structure of such a cocktail is unstable, and the lower two layers are unconvinced. Especially when Liu Bei died, what was the situation like? “Xiaoting, you came back from a defeated battle and then died in Yong’an. Then a prime minister took over the power as a result of this power, which was unstable.”. So I once said 16 words, that is, Liu Bei’s foundation for founding a country was not solid, and Xiaoting’s defeat shook the ground. In such a situation, it is very troublesome and difficult for a prime minister to come out and exercise monarchy on his behalf. There are many people who are not convinced and stare at him. Keep your mouth shut and look at you in the dark. Especially for people like Li Yan, as the deputy of Tuogu, Li Yan was not convinced by this fact. And just a year before Zhuge Liang’s Northern Expedition, Li Yan had already challenged Zhuge Liang, saying, “Prime Minister, is it possible to set aside five counties to establish a Bazhou and make me a Bazhou governor?”? Aren’t you a Yizhou herdsman? You’re a Texas herdsman, but I can’t be a governor? Can’t I touch the monk? “I have already called the board. I estimate that Zhuge Liang is already considering how to handle the Li Yan issue at this time, because the nail will be pulled out sooner or later.”.
那么在这样的一个情况下，诸葛亮采取的政策是什么呢？就是四个字，依法治国，我实行法律面前人人平等，谁触犯了刑律就处分谁。尤其是像李严这样的巨头、大腕，腕儿级的人物，那你不能随便把他废掉啊，你也只能绳之以法。既然是依法治国，既然是用法律的手段来解决问题，那么你就必须做到公开、公正、公平，必须做到执法如山。不能因人废法，不能徇情枉法。那么在这样的情况下我们不难想象到，马谡出这个事情给诸葛亮是出了多大个难题。我们也不难想象那些反对派，那些明的反对派和那些暗的反对派，那些不满的、不服的、心里嘀咕的，那些睁大了眼睛，鸡蛋里面都要挑骨头，拿着放大镜、显微镜在找诸葛亮毛病的那些人，他们会怎么样。想都想象得出来，看热闹嘛，看笑话嘛，看你怎么弄嘛，你不是执法如山吗？你不是依法治国吗？你不是令行禁止吗？你不是公开、公正、公平吗？好嘛，你的人出事了嘛，看你怎么着吧。你要是法外施恩、网开一面，对不起，下回我们也得这样。
所以这个时候诸葛亮没有办法。对于马谡的处理只能是四个字，从重从快。也就是说诸葛亮只能壮士断腕，所以在这样的情况下诸葛亮迫不得已拔出刀来，一刀砍向自己的胳膊，就是把马谡杀了；一刀砍到自己的心里面去了，非常地痛心。因为他这样做完全不是他的本意啊，马谡是亲信，马谡是人才，马谡有威望，而且马谡的这个罪也没有到了非杀不可的程度，完全是可以不杀的，比方说让他带罪立功、军前效力，等等处分办法。但是为了大局，为了蜀汉的安定团结，为了进一步地摆平这三种关系，严格地实行和实施依法治国，不得不杀掉自己心爱的人。所以我讲，读书读到这个地方，我觉得我都是恨不得与武侯同哭。
诸葛亮把马谡杀了，后来又把李严废了，这个我们前面已经讲过，这两记重拳出击，显示了他依法治国的公开、公正、公平，从此蜀汉内部安静了下来。但是树欲静而风不止，蜀汉政权内部矛盾没有从根本上得到解决。因此建兴十二年八月，诸葛亮病故在北伐军中以后，同属于荆州集团的两个人就打起来了，而且打得你死我活、刀兵相见、两败俱伤，并直接酿成了所谓魏延谋反一案。魏延的谋反也是观众朋友们非常熟悉的，而我们要问的问题是，魏延他当真谋反吗？魏延谋反一案，它的真相到底是什么呢？请看下集——祸起萧墙。
So in such a situation, what policy did Zhuge Liang adopt? “Four words: governing the country according to law. I practice equality before the law, and punish anyone who violates the criminal law.”. Especially for giants, bigwigs, and wrist level figures like Li Yan, you cannot casually abolish them, and you can only bring them to justice. Since it is governing the country by law and solving problems by legal means, you must be open, fair, and impartial, and must uphold the law like a mountain. “We must not abolish the law for personal reasons, nor bend the law for favoritism.”. Under such circumstances, it is not difficult to imagine how difficult it was for Zhuge Liang to encounter Ma Su’s incident. It is not difficult for us to imagine what will happen to those who oppose, those who are clear and those who are dark, those who are dissatisfied, disobedient, and muttering in their hearts, those who open their eyes wide, have to pick bones in their eggs, and hold magnifying glasses and microscopes to find Zhuge Liang’s faults. Can you imagine it? Watching excitement, watching jokes, and seeing how you handle it? Aren’t you a lawbreaker? Aren’t you running the country according to law? Aren’t you ordering and prohibiting? Aren’t you open, fair, and fair? Alright, there’s something wrong with your person. Let’s see what happens to you. “If you give mercy outside the law and be lenient, I’m sorry, but we’ll have to do the same next time.”.
So at this time, Zhuge Liang couldn’t help it. The treatment of Ma Su can only be four words, with emphasis and speed. In other words, Zhuge Liang could only break his wrist as a strong man, so in such circumstances, Zhuge Liang had to draw a knife and slash his arm, killing Ma Su; I cut my heart with a knife and felt very sad. “Because what he did was not his intention at all. Ma Su was a trusted follower, a talented person, and he had prestige. Moreover, Ma Su’s crime had not reached the point where it was necessary to kill him. It was entirely possible not to kill him, such as making him perform meritorious deeds for his crimes, serving before the army, and so on.”. However, for the sake of the overall situation, the stability and unity of Shu Han, and in order to further balance these three relationships, strictly implement and implement the rule of law, we have to kill our beloved people. So when I read about this place, I feel like I can’t wait to cry with Lord Wu.
Zhuge Liang killed Ma Su and later abolished Li Yan. As we have already mentioned, these two heavy blows demonstrated his openness, fairness, and fairness in governing the country according to law. From then on, the interior of Shu Han became quiet. However, the tree desires to be calm but the wind does not stop, and the contradictions within the Shu Han regime have not been fundamentally resolved. Therefore, in August of the 12th year of Jianxing’s reign, after Zhuge Liang died in the Northern Expedition Army, two people belonging to the Jingzhou Group began to fight, and they fought to the death of each other, met each other with swords and soldiers, both losing and injuring each other. This directly led to the so-called Wei Yan conspiracy case. Wei Yan’s rebellion is also very familiar to audience friends, and the question we need to ask is, does Wei Yan really conspire? What is the truth of the case of Wei Yanmou’s rebellion? Please watch the next episode – Disaster rises and the wall blows.
