【画外音】夹在曹魏和蜀汉之间，孙权总觉得自己很危险，因为魏蜀吴三足鼎立，谁都是想一统天下的，说白了谁都是想吃掉对方的，孙权想发展江东基业，壮大自己，那肯定会得罪曹魏和蜀汉，但这是没有办法的事情，得罪也只能得罪了，但孙权又怕魏蜀两国联合起来打自己，那么江东是招架不住的，所以他又不敢太得罪魏蜀两国，在这种矛盾的心态中，孙权采取的办法是什么呢？
他夹在曹魏和蜀汉之间，他总觉得自己危险，但是这两家，他又不能不翻脸，那他怎么办呢？他的办法是又翻脸，又不把脸翻到底，他又两边再勾兑一下，你去看一看，孙权跟曹丕翻脸了以后，他改元改的那个年号叫什么——黄武，黄武是什么呢？就是曹丕的黄初加刘备的章武，在曹魏和蜀汉的年号里面各取一个字，合起来叫黄武，好玩吗这个，由此我们就知道孙权的道路是什么样子。翦伯赞先生对曹操有一句评价，堪称妙语，翦先生怎么说呢？翦先生说，曹操是一个把皇袍当衬衣穿的人，他明明已经实际上是皇帝了，他就是不把皇袍穿在外面，他外面要穿一件丞相的衣服，把皇袍当衬衣穿。那么根据翦先生这个说法呢，我也可以来说刘备和孙权，刘备是什么人呢？刘备是把衬衣当皇袍穿的人，他本来没有皇袍，他只有一件衬衣，他看见曹丕把外面的袍子一脱，把皇袍露出来了，然后他说你看这个就是我的皇袍，直接就称帝了。那么孙权是什么人呢？孙权也是把衬衣当皇袍穿的人，他也没有皇袍，他也只有一件衬衣，但是他同样把这个衬衣做成了皇袍，但是反过来穿，他把里子当面子穿，孙权是这样的人。所以陈寿说他有勾践之奇，就是这个人很像勾践，这个也是对的。那我们下面就来看看孙权怎么个把皇袍反过来穿，他怎么个像勾践。
孙权像勾践，我认为可以总结为四句话，第一，沉得住气。晋代人有一个叫傅玄的，曾经对孙策和孙权兄弟两个有一个评价，他说孙策这个人的特点是什么呢？明果独断，勇盖天下。敢作敢为，什么都不怕。孙权的特点是什么呢？乘间伺隙，兵不妄动，就是孙权从来不轻易用兵，他总是找空子，或者曹操那儿出了空子，或者刘备这儿有空子钻，他就动他一下，故战少败而江东安。基本上孙权是不打什么败仗的，这打不赢的话，他要打个平手，那么最典型的一个案例，就是赤壁之战，赤壁之战的关键是孙刘联盟，如果孙刘不联盟，赤壁就是另一个结果，孙刘联盟是谁促成的呢？一般的读《三国演义》的人说是诸葛亮促成的，一般读《三国志》的人会说的鲁肃促成的，其实现在可以这么说了，真正决策人是孙权。因为大家想一想，刘备兵败当阳，逃到夏口，已经是惊弓之鸟，手上关羽一万人，刘琦一万人，加起来两万人，根本抵挡不住曹操的进攻，这个时候刘备只有一条出路，就是和孙权联盟。但是这个联盟能不能成，不由他刘备说了算，刘备要能说了算，一下就联了，得人家说了算，人家是强者，你是强弱联盟，那么孙权这边谁说了算，鲁肃说了不算，周瑜说了也不算，孙权说了才算。而且我们现在回过头来看，孙权早就想这么干了，就是在鲁肃、周瑜、诸葛亮劝他之前，孙权其实已经有了主张。大家回想一下，周瑜晚上去见孙权，孙权是怎么说的？孙权摸着周瑜的背说，公瑾啊，这个事情我们这边已经讨论过好多回了，子布（就是张昭），子布他们的那些意见让我很失望，只有公瑾和这个子敬（也就是鲁肃），你们两位说的意见和孤想的一模一样，公瑾要五万精兵，一时半会儿做不到，告诉你，孤已经给你准备好了三万精兵，而且战船、武器、装备、军粮全部都准备好了，马上就可以出发。什么意思呢，早就准备好了，他早就想干这一仗了，可是他就是不说，他装成没有主意，好象所有的建议都是别人提出来的，都是别人要他这样做的，他好象没有主张，其实不是，孙权那时侯二十六岁啊，到处征求意见。先开会张昭说投降，孙权不吭气，鲁肃说不能投降，嗯，对，鲁肃说了他还不算，要听诸葛亮说，诸葛亮说了还不算，还听周瑜说，好象都是听别人说，其实他很清楚，这样一个重大的决策，一定要让人家先说，因为这不是一个人搞得掂的事。他们不是提了这个建议吗？孤不是同意吗？你们干。你们的建议嘛，不是你们主张联盟，你们主张打曹操吗？你们去联盟，你们去打啊。如果孙权一开始就把这个态度表示出来，大家心里头嘀咕怎么办，大家口头同意，心里面不同意，他能好好干活吗？所以说这真是叫做会当领导啊。而且孙权他不怕意见多，意见多有什么关系啊，有反对意见有什么关系啊，有主张投降的人有什么关系啊，怕什么啊，在这样一个大是大非之前，大家都来发表意见，每个人都表一个态，每个人的政治立场不就显示出来了吗？我从此对你们这些人，我心里不就有数了吗？我也不怕时间长啊，孙权他沉得住气。
[Voice over] sandwiched between Cao Wei and Shu Han, Sun Quan always felt that he was in danger, because Wei, Shu, and Wu were tripods, and everyone wanted to rule the world. To put it bluntly, everyone wanted to eat each other. If Sun Quan wanted to develop the foundation of Jiangdong and strengthen himself, it would definitely offend Cao Wei and Shu Han, but there was no way to do it, and offending could only be done. However, Sun Quan was afraid that the two countries would unite to fight against him, so Jiangdong could not resist it, So he didn’t dare to offend Wei and Shu too much. In this contradictory mindset, what was Sun Quan’s approach?
He was caught between Cao Wei and Shu Han, and he always felt dangerous. However, he couldn’t help but turn his back on these two families. What would he do? His method is to turn his face around again without turning it to the end. He also flirts with each other on both sides. Go and have a look. After Sun Quan and Cao Pi turned their faces, what was the name of the year he changed from Yuan to Yuan – Huang Wu, what was Huang Wu? It is Huang Chu of Cao Pi and Zhang Wu of Liu Bei. They each take a word from the year names of Cao Wei and Shu Han, which together are called Huang Wu. Is it funny? From this, we can know what Sun Quan’s path is like. Mr. Jian Bozan had a witty comment on Cao Cao. What did Mr. Jian say? Mr. Jian said that Cao Cao was a person who wore an imperial robe as a shirt. He clearly was already an emperor, so he just didn’t wear the robe outside. He had to wear a prime minister’s clothes outside, using the robe as a shirt. According to Mr. Jian, I can also say Liu Bei and Sun Quan. Who are Liu Bei? Liu Bei was the person who wore his shirt as an imperial robe. He didn’t originally have an imperial robe, but he only had one shirt. He saw Cao Pi take off the outer robe and expose it, and then he said, “Look, this is my imperial robe, so he immediately became emperor.”. So who is Sun Quan? Sun Quan is also a person who wears a shirt as an imperial robe. He does not have an imperial robe, and he only has one shirt. However, he also makes this shirt into an imperial robe, but when he wears it in reverse, he wears the lining as a face. Sun Quan is such a person. So Chen Shou is right to say that he has the peculiarity of Gou Jian, even though he is very similar to him. Let’s take a look at how Sun Quan turned the imperial robe upside down and how he looked like Gou Jian.
Sun Quan is like Gou Jian, and I think it can be summarized into four sentences. First, be calm. In the Jin Dynasty, there was a person named Fu Xuan who once had an evaluation of Sun Ce and Sun Quan’s brothers. What were the characteristics of Sun Ce? Mingguo is assertive and brave enough to cover the world. He who dares to act is not afraid of anything. What are the characteristics of Sun Quan? Taking advantage of opportunities and not acting recklessly, Sun Quan never used his troops easily. He always looked for opportunities, or if there were opportunities for Cao Cao or Liu Bei, he would move him, so he lost less and Jiang Dong’an was safe. Basically, Sun Quan doesn’t lose any battles. If he can’t win, he needs to draw. The most typical case is the Battle of Chibi. The key to the Battle of Chibi is the Sun Liu alliance. If Sun Liu doesn’t alliance, Chibi is another result. Who contributed to the Sun Liu alliance? The average person who reads “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” says it was caused by Zhuge Liang, while the average person who reads “The Annals of the Three Kingdoms” would say it was caused by Lu Su. In fact, it can be said now that the real decision-maker is Sun Quan. “Because everyone wants to think about it, Liu Bei was already a frightened bird when he was defeated in Dangyang and fled to Xiakou. With 10000 Guan Yu and 10000 Liu Qi in his hands, and 20000 people in total, he could not resist Cao Cao’s attack. At this time, Liu Bei had only one way out, namely, to ally with Sun Quan.”. But whether this alliance can be achieved or not is not up to Liu Bei’s the final say. If Liu Bei can the final say, it will be united in a short time. If someone else has the final say, he is the strong, and you are the strong weak alliance, who will the final say on Sun Quan’s side? Lu Su will not, Zhou Yu will not, and Sun Quan will. And when we look back now, Sun Quan has long wanted to do so, even before Lu Su, Zhou Yu, and Zhuge Liang persuaded him, Sun Quan actually had an idea. Let’s recall that Zhou Yu went to see Sun Quan tonight. What did Sun Quan say? Sun Quan touched Zhou Yu’s back and said, “Gongjin, we have discussed this matter for many times. Zibu (that is, Zhang Zhao) and Zibu’s opinions have disappointed me. Only Gongjin and this Zijing (that is, Lu Su) have the same opinions as Gu thought. Gongjin wants 50000 elite soldiers, but he can’t do it for a while. I tell you that Gu has already prepared 30000 elite soldiers for you, and warships, weapons All the equipment and military provisions are ready, and we can start immediately. What does it mean? He was already ready, and he had long wanted to fight this battle, but he just didn’t say it. He pretended to have no ideas, as if all the suggestions were put forward by others, and they were all asked of him to do so. He didn’t seem to have any ideas, but in fact, he wasn’t. At that time, when Sun Quan was twenty or sixteen years old, he went everywhere for advice. At the first meeting, Zhang Zhao said surrender, Sun Quan didn’t speak up, and Lu Su said that he couldn’t surrender. Hmm, yes, Lu Su said that he still doesn’t count. Listen to Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang still doesn’t count, and Zhou Yu. It seems like they’re all listening to others. In fact, he knows very well that such a major decision must be told first, because it’s not something one can handle. Didn’t they make this suggestion? Didn’t Gu agree? You guys do it. Your proposal is not that you advocate alliance, do you advocate fighting against Cao Cao? You go to the league, you go fight. If Sun Quan had expressed this attitude from the beginning, everyone would be muttering about what to do. Everyone would agree verbally but disagree inwardly. Can he work hard? So this is really called being a leader. Moreover, Sun Quan is not afraid of having too many opinions. What does it matter if there are too many opinions, what does it matter if there are objections, what does it matter if there are those who advocate surrender, and what are they afraid of? Before such a major issue of right or wrong, everyone comes to express their opinions, and everyone expresses a position. Isn’t everyone’s political position displayed? Don’t I have a clear idea of you guys from now on? “I’m not afraid of a long time, either. Sun Quan is calm and calm.”.
