当时情况是怎么样呢？是曹操有五六百个骑兵，来到了延津东南面的一个山坡上，正准备休息。哨兵向曹操报告，说报告，前面来了几百个骑兵，曹操说知道了。过一会儿哨兵又报告，说来了一千个骑兵，步兵数都数不清。曹操说别报了，然后下命令，下马，原地休息。将领就不懂了，说敌人都扑过来了，我们应该上马准备啊，我们怎么下马原地休息呢？再说我们从白马运过来那些辎重，就是粮食、布匹，七七八八的东西都在路上呢，我们起码要把这些东西都运回军营去，准备迎战吧。曹操说不要管，曹操说你不要管，都给我下马，坐在地上休息。这又是曹操的一计，什么计呢？诱敌之计，果然刘备和文丑带着骑兵冲过来以后看到一地的东西，都是好东西啊，所以骑兵就开始犹豫，犹豫了一阵以后都抵挡不住诱惑，全部都下马来去捡那些东西，抢那些宝贝，这个时候曹操一声令下，上马！冲锋号吹起来，战鼓擂起来，杀声喊起来，六百铁骑从高坡上倾斜而下，顿时打得袁军满地找牙，文丑也被立斩马下。谁杀的？不知道，《三国演义》说是关羽，正史无记载，估计可能也是关羽，因为就是这次战争以后，关羽就留下了一封书信，一封感谢信，封存了曹操给他所有的赏赐，骑上他的赤兔马去寻找那个比兔子跑得还快的哥哥去了。而且文丑被杀了以后刘备是掉头就跑，刘备这人这个本事还是比较大的。这就是官渡战争的第一个阶段。
What was the situation then? It was Cao Cao, with five or six hundred cavalry troops, who arrived on a hillside southeast of Yanjin and was preparing to rest. The sentry reported to Cao Cao, saying that hundreds of cavalry soldiers were coming ahead, and Cao Cao said that he knew. After a while, the sentry reported that a thousand cavalry soldiers had arrived, and the number of infantry could not be counted. Cao Cao said not to report, then gave the order to dismount and rest in place. The general didn’t understand. He said that the enemy had all come forward, so we should mount our horses and prepare. How can we dismount and rest in place? Besides, the baggage we transported from White Horse, including grain and cloth, is all on the way. At least we should transport these things back to the military camp and prepare for the battle. “Cao Cao said don’t care, Cao Cao said you don’t care, all dismount and sit on the ground to rest.”. This is Cao Cao’s plan again. What plan? As expected, Liu Bei and the Wenchou rushed over with their cavalry and saw that everything in a place was good. Therefore, the cavalry began to hesitate. After hesitating for a while, they couldn’t resist the temptation. They all dismounted and went to pick up those things and grab those treasures. At this moment, Cao Cao ordered them to mount their horses! The bugle sounded, the battle drum sounded, and the sound of killing shouted. Six hundred iron cavalries leaned down from the high slope, immediately causing Yuan’s army to search for teeth, and the clown was also beheaded. Who killed it? I don’t know. “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” said it was Guan Yu, but there is no record in the official history. It may also be Guan Yu, because after this war, Guan Yu left a letter, a thank-you letter, sealed up all the rewards Cao Cao gave him, and rode his red rabbit horse to find the brother who ran faster than the rabbit. Moreover, after the literary clown was killed, Liu Bei turned around and ran away. Liu Bei’s ability is still relatively strong. This was the first stage of the Guandu War.
＊在官渡之战的交锋阶段，曹操声东击西，攻其不备，打了袁绍一个措手不及，不仅解了白马之围，还折了袁绍两员大将，曹军可以说是初战告捷。然而袁绍虽然初战失利，但却在兵力上仍然占有优势，曹军想彻底取胜还需时日，那么接下来的双方较量又会出现什么情况呢？
官渡之战的第二个阶段相持阶段
During the confrontation phase of the Battle of Guandu, Cao Cao feigned and attacked the enemy unprepared. He caught Yuan Shao unprepared, not only relieving the siege of the White Horse, but also defeating two senior generals, Yuan Shao. Cao Cao’s army can be said to have won the first battle. However, although Yuan Shao was defeated in the first battle, he still had an advantage in military strength. It would take some time for Cao’s army to win completely. So what would happen to the two sides in the next battle?
The Second Stage of the Battle of Guandu
这个战争打完了以后，曹操心里很明白，自己其实不是袁绍的对手，因为袁绍当时号称是十万精锐部队，曹操呢，按照《三国志》的说法，不足一万。当然，给《三国志》做注的裴松之认为这个数字是不准确的，曹操的军队怎么算也不只一万人，估计也就是两三万，肯定是以少胜多，以寡敌众啦。所以曹操明白，延津、白马不可守，于是曹操虽然打胜了仗，退军官渡。而袁绍呢，他觉得他牛啊，曹操打胜了仗还往回跑肯定是胆怯，是打不赢嘛，我们就应该前进，于是袁绍就进军官渡。但是袁绍不知道曹操这个决策是很务实的，曹操知道这个时候我如果在白马和延津和袁绍对抗的话我是不合算的，我宁肯往后退一步，退一步有什么好处呢？拉长了敌方的补给线。我们看一下地图就知道，许都在这儿，官渡在这儿，邺城在这儿，黎阳在这儿，白马在这儿，在白马打仗曹操的补给线长，在官渡进行战争袁绍的补给线长，所以曹操叫做敌进我退。但是退到官渡呢，曹操也无路可退了，于是袁绍就在官渡这个地方扎起了营垒，曹操也相应地扎起了营垒，战争进入第二个阶段：“相持阶段”。
After the war was over, Cao Cao knew very well that he was not actually an opponent of Yuan Shao, because Yuan Shao was known as a 100000 elite army at that time. According to the “Three Kingdoms Annals”, Cao Cao was less than 10000. Of course, Pei Songzhi, who annotated the Three Kingdoms Annals, believes that this number is inaccurate. Cao Cao’s army is not only 10000, but it is estimated to be 20000 to 30000. It must be a small victory over a large one and a small enemy. So Cao Cao understood that Yanjin and the White Horse could not be defended, so although Cao Cao had won the battle, he withdrew from the official crossing. As for Yuan Shao, he thought he was awesome. Cao Cao must have been timid if he had won the battle and still ran back. If we couldn’t win, we should move forward. So Yuan Shao marched into Guandu. However, Yuan Shao did not know that Cao Cao’s decision was very pragmatic. Cao Cao knew that at this time, if I were to confront Yuan Shao in Baima and Yanjin, it would be uneconomical for me. I would rather take a step back. What is the benefit of taking a step back? Lengthened the enemy’s supply line. “We can see from looking at the map that Xu Du is here, Guandu is here, Yecheng is here, Liyang is here, Baima is here, Cao Cao’s supply line chief fought at Baima, and Yuan Shao’s supply line chief fought at Guandu. Therefore, Cao Cao is called the enemy advancing and retreating.”. But when it came to Guandu, Cao Cao had no way out. So Yuan Shao set up a camp at Guandu, and Cao Cao accordingly set up a camp. The war entered a second stage: the “stalemate stage.”.
这个阶段的战争技术含量很高，袁绍先是在自己的营垒里边垒高丘，他把土弄来做成一个小山，上面再盖楼，然后派他的弓箭手居高临下地对着曹营射箭。这个厉害，好像现在的火箭炮似的，曹操（的军队）死伤很重。那么曹操想怎么对付他，于是他制造了一个机器，叫做发石机，这个机器什么样子我现在也描绘不出来，反正它能够把这么大一颗石头像炮一样地打过去，发明了这么一个机器，做了一批这个机器，然后把大石头一个石头一个石头地往袁营里面发射。这样相持了几个月，双方是不分胜负，但是都很疲劳
The technical content of the war at this stage is very high. Yuan Shao first built high hills in his camp. He made a small hill out of soil and built buildings on it. Then he sent his archers to shoot arrows at Cao Ying from a high position. This is powerful, like the current rocket launcher. Cao Cao’s army is seriously injured and killed. So what Cao Cao wanted to do with him, so he created a machine called a stone launcher. I can’t describe what this machine looks like right now. Anyway, it can shoot such a large stone like a cannon, invent such a machine, make a batch of these machines, and then shoot the big stone into Yuan Ying stone by stone. “After several months of this stalemate, both sides were neck and neck, but both were very tired.”
有一天从许都运军粮的车子开进了曹操的军营，曹操去劳军。曹操这个人对士兵还是很好的，他看见运粮的那些运输队非常辛苦，面黄肌瘦，有些运夫穿不起鞋，是光着脚赶路的，满脚都是老茧，甚至磨破，流血。曹操看了以后非常难过，曹操就走过去和他们问长问短，问寒问暖，然后拉着他们的手说：弟兄们辛苦了，请大家再给我十五天的时间，只要十五天，十五天以后我再也不让你们这么辛苦了。也就是说，十五日之内要结束战争。曹操他有这个把握吗？没有，实际想法是曹操不想打了，他准备在十五日之内撤军，不打了，太累了，受不了了，他写了一封信给留守在许都的荀彧，但是荀彧反对。荀彧说，明公啊，这一仗咱们打也得打，不想打、不能打也得打，请明公想一想，袁绍这一回是倾巢而出，十万精兵全部拿出来了，就是要和我们决一死战，他是不会善罢甘休的，你退他还要进，你没有退路了，只能顶住。那么曹操又去征求贾诩的意见，贾诩说，曹公啊，你有四个方面比袁绍强：你的智慧超过袁绍，勇敢超过袁绍，用人超过袁绍，决断超过袁绍，你有四个方面超过袁绍，为什么打了半年还不能胜利呢？根本原因是你总想万无一失，你顾虑太多了，只要你下定决心，集中兵力，一定能够胜利。
One day, a truck carrying military provisions from Xudu drove into Cao Cao’s military camp, and Cao Cao went to work for the army. Cao Cao is still very kind to soldiers. He saw that the transportation teams transporting grain were very hard working, with yellow faces and thin bones. Some of the transportation men couldn’t afford shoes, and they walked barefoot, with calluses all over their feet, even worn out and bleeding. “After seeing it, Cao Cao felt very sad. He walked over to them and asked questions, asking for warmth and warmth, and then took their hands and said, ‘Brothers, it’s been hard. Please give me another fifteen days, just fifteen days. After fifteen days, I won’t let you work so hard any more.'”. In other words, the war will end within 15 days. Is Cao Cao sure of this? “No, the actual idea is that Cao Cao doesn’t want to fight anymore. He plans to withdraw within 15 days. If he doesn’t fight anymore, he’s too tired and can’t stand it anymore. He wrote a letter to Xun Yu who stayed in Xudu, but Xun Yu objected.”. Xun Yu said, Duke Ming, we have to fight this battle. If we don’t want to fight or can’t fight it, we have to fight it. Duke Ming, please think about it. Yuan Shao has poured out his strength this time, and has brought out all the 100000 elite soldiers. He is going to fight us to the death. He will not give up and rest. You have to advance even if you retreat. You have no way out, you can only resist. Then Cao Cao went to seek Jia Xu’s opinion again. Jia Xu said, “Duke Cao, you have four aspects that are stronger than Yuan Shao: your wisdom exceeds Yuan Shao, your courage exceeds Yuan Shao, your employment exceeds Yuan Shao, and your determination exceeds Yuan Shao. You have four aspects that surpass Yuan Shao, why can’t you win even after six months of fighting?”? The fundamental reason is that you always want to be foolproof. You worry too much. As long as you make up your mind and concentrate your forces, you can definitely win.
