那么周瑜这边呢，一计不成又生一计，周瑜看软禁刘备不了，自己来到京口对孙权提出三项建议，就是夺蜀、并张、联马，什么意思呢？就是夺取蜀郡，吞并张鲁，联合马超。这个主意表面上看起来是对付曹操的，因为周瑜最后说的话是“北方可图也”，但是它是什么呢？它是明功曹操、暗算刘备，你想想看，如果周瑜的这个计划实现了，蜀郡拿下了，汉中也拿下了，还联合了关中的马超，那么等于说是西部地区归孙权了，江东的东部地区也归孙权了，刘备夹在当中真成三明治了。何况我们也不知道这个周瑜去进攻蜀郡的时候，会不会打到一半的时候调转枪口来对付刘备，因为在江东集团周瑜是坚持要干掉刘备的。
这个计划孙权批准了，周瑜就回去收拾行装，回江陵去收拾行装。但是他走到巴丘，就是岳阳的时候，一病不起，病故了，享年36岁。周瑜临终的时候给孙权上了一封表文，两点，第一，推荐鲁肃继位；第二，再次提醒孙权，我们的主要敌人是曹操和刘备。周瑜的原话是：“曹公在北，疆场未静；刘备寄寓，有似养虎。”现在刘备在我们旁边，我们就像养了只老虎似的，所以周瑜是至死都念念不忘要干掉刘备。我们知道赤壁之战以后，江东集团内部由于政治路线的不同开始有了分歧，分成了两派，一派是以周瑜为首，我们称之为吞刘派，还有一派以鲁肃为首，我们称之为联刘派。就是周瑜是主张尽快干掉刘备，而鲁肃主张还要联合刘备，周瑜和鲁肃是好朋友，但是他们现在政见不同了。然而周瑜临终的时候依然推荐鲁肃继位，这在周瑜应该说是大公无私，不以私见来影响关系。
On Zhou Yu’s side, one plan fails and another comes into being. Zhou Yu sees that Liu Bei cannot be placed under house arrest. He himself comes to Jingkou and puts forward three suggestions to Sun Quan, namely, seizing Shu, merging Zhang, and uniting horses. What does that mean? It is to seize Shu County, annex Zhanglu, and unite with Ma Chao. On the surface, this idea seems to be dealing with Cao Cao, because Zhou Yu’s last words were “the north can be explored,” but what is it? “It’s the Ming Gong Cao and the plot against Liu Bei. If you think about it, if Zhou Yu’s plan is realized, Shujun wins, Hanzhong also wins, and Ma Chao in Guanzhong is united, then it’s equivalent to saying that the western region belongs to Sun Quan, and the eastern region of Jiangdong also belongs to Sun Quan. Liu Bei really becomes a sandwich sandwiched between them.”. Moreover, we don’t know whether Zhou Yu would turn his gun to deal with Liu Bei halfway through the attack on Shu County, as Zhou Yu insisted on killing Liu Bei in the Jiangdong Group.
After Sun Quan approved this plan, Zhou Yu went back to pack up and went back to Jiangling to pack up. But when he arrived at Baqiu, Yueyang, he fell ill and died at the age of 36. On his deathbed, Zhou Yu wrote a letter to Sun Quan, recommending Lu Su’s succession to the throne; Secondly, once again remind Sun Quan that our main enemies are Cao Cao and Liu Bei. Zhou Yu’s original words were: “Duke Cao is in the north, and the battlefield is not quiet; Liu Bei lives in a place like raising a tiger.” Now that Liu Bei is next to us, we seem to have raised a tiger, so Zhou Yu never forgets to kill Liu Bei until he dies. “We know that after the Battle of Chibi, there began to be differences within the Jiangdong Group due to different political lines, and they were divided into two factions. One faction was led by Zhou Yu, which we called the Liu swallowing faction, and the other was led by Lu Su, which we called the Lian Liu faction.”. “It is Zhou Yu who advocated to kill Liu Bei as soon as possible, while Lu Su advocated to unite with Liu Bei. Zhou Yu and Lu Su are good friends, but they now have different political views.”. However, when Zhou Yu died, he still recommended Lu Su’s succession to the throne, which in Zhou Yu should be said to be selfless and not use personal opinions to influence relationships.
＊周瑜和鲁肃在如何对待刘备的问题上虽然观点不同，但周瑜了解鲁肃的才干，依然推荐鲁肃接替自己的位置。鲁肃接任后，没有因为周瑜对他的这样一份恩情而改变自己的政治观点，鲁肃还是坚持联刘抗曹的主张，甚至说服孙权把江陵让给刘备，这就是历史上著名的“借荆州”的故事。那么在“借”荆州这个问题上，孙刘两家又体现了什么样的蜜月阴谋呢？
Although Zhou Yu and Lu Su have different views on how to treat Liu Bei, Zhou Yu understands Lu Su’s talents and still recommends Lu Su to take over his position. After Lu Su took over, he did not change his political views because of Zhou Yu’s kindness to him. Lu Su still insisted on uniting Liu against Cao, and even persuaded Sun Quan to cede the Jiangling to Liu Bei. This is the famous story of “Borrowing Jingzhou” in history. So what honeymoon conspiracy did the Sun and Liu families embody on the issue of “borrowing” Jingzhou?
这就要说到第三件事情，就是鲁肃“借”荆州。周瑜去世，鲁肃接位以后，就向孙权再三地提出来，要把江陵也就是南郡这个地方让给刘备。最后孙权也接受了鲁肃的建议，这就是历史上大家耳熟能详的“借荆州”。但是这个说法是有问题的，或者说是可以讨论的，可以商榷的。第一，刘备并没有要整个荆州，他也要不了，因为荆州的北部南阳郡和南郡的襄阳在曹操的手上，怎么能够借？江夏郡在孙权的手上，也没有借。所以最多只能说刘备借江陵，或者说刘备借南郡，他要的只是这块地方。而且江南的其他四郡，长沙郡、桂阳郡、零陵郡、武陵郡是刘备自己打下来的，怎么是借的呢？他实际上就借了南郡的江陵，所以最多只能叫借南郡或者借江陵，这是第一点。第二点，就算是南郡和江陵也不能说是借，这个问题早就有人指出来，清人赵翼就指出这个问题来，他说什么叫借？就是这个东西是别人的，我拿来用，经别人同意我拿来用，这叫做借。那么你说刘备借荆州，这荆州是孙权的吗？不是啊，荆州是谁的？是刘表的，那么刘表死了以后该是谁的？刘琦的。所以这个刘备打下江南四郡以后，他没有自己去当荆州牧啊，他上表朝廷是推荐刘琦做荆州刺史，是后来刘琦也死了那么刘备才接过来当荆州牧，那么依这个继承关系来说荆州是谁的？是刘备的啊，这个东西本来是我的我怎么还找人家借呢？这个讲不过去。何况刘备也没有跟孙权说我要借荆州，或者借江陵，或者借南郡，他也没说这个字，因为本来就是他的嘛，要说他应该说是讨荆州。
This brings me to the third thing, which is that Lu Su “borrowed” Jingzhou. After Zhou Yu passed away and Lu Su took over the throne, he repeatedly proposed to Sun Quan that the place of Jiangling, also known as Nanjun, should be ceded to Liu Bei. Finally, Sun Quan also accepted Lu Su’s suggestion, which is known throughout history as “borrowing Jingzhou.”. But this statement is problematic, or debatable. First, Liu Bei didn’t want the whole of Jingzhou, and he couldn’t either, because Nanyang County in the north of Jingzhou and Xiangyang County in the south were in Cao Cao’s hands. How could they borrow them? Jiangxia County is in Sun Quan’s hands and has not borrowed it. So at best, Liu Bei can only borrow Jiangling, or Liu Bei can borrow Nanjun. All he wants is this place. Moreover, the other four counties in the south of the Yangtze River, Changsha County, Guiyang County, Lingling County, and Wuling County, were established by Liu Bei himself. How could they be borrowed? “He actually borrowed Jiangling from Nanjun, so the best he can do is to borrow Nanjun or Jiangling, which is the first point.”. Secondly, even Nanjun and Jiangling cannot be said to be borrowing. This issue has long been pointed out by someone, and Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty pointed out this issue. What does he mean by borrowing? “It’s just that this thing belongs to someone else, and I use it with their permission. This is called borrowing.”. So you said that Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou, which belonged to Sun Quan? No, whose is Jingzhou? It’s Liu Biao’s, so whose should it be after Liu Biao’s death? Liu Qi’s. So after Liu Bei took over the four counties in Jiangnan, he didn’t go to work as a herdsman in Jingzhou himself. He went to the court to recommend Liu Qi as the governor of Jingzhou. It was later that Liu Qi also died that Liu Bei took over as a herdsman in Jingzhou. So who does Jingzhou belong to based on this inheritance relationship? It’s Liu Bei’s, but this thing was originally mine. How could I still borrow it from someone else? This doesn’t make sense. Moreover, Liu Bei didn’t tell Sun Quan that I wanted to borrow Jingzhou, or Jiangling, or Nanjun. He didn’t say this word either, because it was originally him. To say that, he should have said that he wanted to borrow Jingzhou.
但是这个时候我讲过它是个不讲道理的时代，不是讲什么我们还有继承法啊，找个律师来打官司那个都不顶用的，那个时候是一个靠拳头说话的时代，哪个地方谁用武力打下来的就是谁的，你要讨回来可以，你再用武力啊。而这个时候刘备没有这个能力发兵去从周瑜手上把江陵郡打下来；而江陵是周瑜花了一年功夫打下来的，当然也不可能拱手相让。所以这个时候刘备只能忍气吞声地去找孙权说什么呢？说“求都督荆州”，这是比较准确的说法，而且《资治通鉴》采用的就是这个说法。什么叫“都督荆州”呢？因为刘备这个时候不是已经自己任命自己为荆州牧了吗？他任命为荆州牧以后孙权不是也同意了吗？那么荆州牧就应该在荆州的治所，就是他的首府上任，首府在哪儿呢？在襄阳，襄阳在谁手上？曹操手上，他去不了。所以刘备只能退而求其次，说我不可能在襄阳就任，我哪怕在南郡就任也行，因为襄阳是南郡的，南郡的治所又在哪里呢？在江陵。所以刘备的说法是“求都督荆州”，实际上的意思是要南郡、要江陵。
But at this time, I mentioned that it was an unreasonable era. It wasn’t about what we still have inheritance laws. It wouldn’t be helpful to find a lawyer to fight a lawsuit. It was an era of using fists to speak, where anyone who used force to strike down someone was their own. If you want to recover it, you can use force. At this time, Liu Bei did not have the ability to send troops to defeat Jiangling County from Zhou Yu; Zhou Yu spent a year fighting Jiangling, and of course, it was impossible to give up. So at this moment, Liu Bei can only swallow his breath and go to Sun Quan to say something? It is a relatively accurate statement to say “seek the governor of Jingzhou”, and this statement is adopted in the “Zizhi Tongjian”. What is “Governor Jingzhou”? Because at this time, didn’t Liu Bei already appoint himself as a herdsman in Jingzhou? Didn’t Sun Quan also agree after he was appointed as a herdsman in Jingzhou? So Jingzhou herdsman should take office in the capital of Jingzhou, where is the capital? In Xiangyang, who owns Xiangyang? Cao Cao’s hand, he can’t go. Therefore, Liu Bei can only retreat to the second place and say that it is impossible for me to take office in Xiangyang, even if I take office in Nanjun. Because Xiangyang is the seat of Nanjun, where is the seat of Nanjun? In Jiangling. Therefore, Liu Bei’s statement is “to seek the governor of Jingzhou”, which actually means to request Nanjun and Jiangling.
