战争之前，鲁肃和关羽有一次会面，这就是历史上有名的“单刀赴会”。但是要讲清楚，单刀赴会的是所有人，就是当时约定所有来参加谈判的人都只能带一把刀，鲁肃也是单刀。见面以后鲁肃就讨还荆州了，鲁肃就跟关羽说：你们刘豫州这样做不好吧，当年你们打败了仗，没有地方落脚谋生，是我们主公出于一番好意把荆州借给你们，现在你们有地方了，你们不是有益州了吗？那你就该把荆州还给我啊，现在我又没有让你把所有的荆州都还给我，我只要长沙、桂阳、零陵三郡你们都不肯给，像话吗？关羽怎么说，关羽说：鲁将军这是什么话？这地方是怎么来的？当时曹操那么多军队杀过来，是我们左将军，就是刘备嘛，身先士卒，亲临前线，冒着枪林弹雨才拿下来的，怎么就是你的呢？怎么你说拿就拿去？没道理嘛。那么这一番谈判不欢而散，没有任何结论，实际上也不可能有结论，因为双方的老大都没有出场嘛，也就是谈谈而已，然后各自回营准备厮杀。
Before the war, Lu Su and Guan Yu had a meeting, which was known in history as “going to the meeting alone.”. However, it should be made clear that it was everyone who came to the meeting alone, even though it was agreed that all those who came to the negotiation should only bring one knife, Lu Su was also a single sword. After meeting, Lu Su begged Jingzhou back, and Lu Su said to Guan Yu, “Is it not good for you to do this in Liuyuzhou? When you defeated the war, there was no place to make a living. Our lord lent Jingzhou to you out of some kindness. Now that you have a place, aren’t you a beneficial state?”? “Then you should give back Jingzhou to me. Now I haven’t asked you to give back all Jingzhou to me. I only want Changsha, Guiyang, and Lingling counties, and you won’t give them back. Is that right?”? What did Guan Yu say? Guan Yu said, “General Lu, what is this?”? How did this place come from? “At that time, when so many troops of Cao Cao were killed, it was our Left General, Liu Bei, who took the lead and braved a barrage of bullets before taking them down. How could it be yours?”? Why don’t you just take it? It doesn’t make sense. So this negotiation ended unhappily, without any conclusion, and in fact, it is impossible to reach a conclusion, because the leaders of both sides did not appear, that is, just to talk, and then return to camp to prepare for a fight.
这件事情我觉得对于鲁肃来说是很痛苦的，因为鲁肃是极力主张维护孙刘联盟的，而且鲁肃在前线和关羽两军相对的时候，做了很多的工作，不希望两家翻脸。同时远在成都的诸葛亮，也是不会赞成，因为诸葛亮也是主张维护孙刘联盟的。所以孙刘两个集团当中，诸葛亮和鲁肃的关系是最好的，鲁肃后来去世的时候诸葛亮是吊唁的。但是他们没有办法，事情已经闹到这个地步了，除了打一仗以外不可能有别的解决办法。
哎，非常巧的是，曹操出来帮忙了。
“I think this matter is very painful for Lu Su, because Lu Su strongly advocated maintaining the alliance between Sun and Liu, and Lu Su did a lot of work when facing Guan Yu on the front line, and he didn’t want the two armies to turn their backs.”. At the same time, Zhuge Liang, who is far away from Chengdu, would not approve, because Zhuge Liang also advocates maintaining the Sun Liu alliance. Therefore, among the two groups of Sun and Liu, the relationship between Zhuge Liang and Lu Su was the best. When Lu Su later died, Zhuge Liang expressed condolences. “But they have no way out. The matter has reached this point, and there can be no other solution except to fight a war.”.
Alas, very coincidentally, Cao Cao came out to help.
＊曹操出来帮了什么忙呢？那就是曹操不合时宜地出兵征张鲁，使剑拔弩张的孙刘集团握手言和了。这是怎么回事呢？原来，在建安十九年，刘备从刘璋手中夺得益州后实力大大增强，而临近益州的张鲁军事力量较为薄弱，曹操担心刘备会继续向外扩张吞并张鲁，所以在建安二十年曹操西征张鲁。而张鲁所占据的汉中是蜀郡的咽喉和门户，曹操打张鲁，刘备的后方就感到了威胁，在这样的情况下，刘备和孙权当然不能再打下去了。
消息传来，刘备知道这下糟糕，腹背受敌了，因为曹操拿下汉中以后就掌握了益州的门户，南下打蜀郡是势如破竹啊。想想这个时候还是不能跟孙权翻脸，于是马上发出求和的信号；孙权也不想这个时候跟刘备翻脸，于是马上又派诸葛谨去跟刘备谈判。一谈下来，好了，湘水为界，瓜分荆州。什么意思呢？就是以湘水为界限，湘水东面的长沙郡、江夏郡、桂阳郡归孙权，湘水西边的南郡、零陵郡、武陵郡归刘备。也就是说刘备从江南四郡当中拿出了长沙和桂阳两郡给孙权，换得了他在江陵比较长期驻扎下去的这样一个结果，也换得了两家的和平，这叫做以土地换和平。
What did Cao Cao do to help? That is, Cao Cao’s untimely deployment of troops to recruit Zhang Lu made the Sun Liu Group shake hands and make peace. What’s going on here? It turned out that in the 19th year of Jian’an, Liu Bei’s strength greatly increased after capturing Yizhou from Liu Zhang, while Zhang Lu’s military strength near Yizhou was relatively weak. Cao Cao was worried that Liu Bei would continue to expand outward and annex Zhang Lu, so in the 20th year of Jian’an, Cao Cao attacked Zhang Lu in the west. The Hanzhong area occupied by Zhang Lu was the throat and gateway of Shu County. When Cao Cao attacked Zhang Lu, Liu Bei’s rear area felt threatened. Under such circumstances, of course, Liu Bei and Sun Quan could no longer fight.
The news came that Liu Bei knew that this was a bad situation and was under attack from both sides, because after Cao Cao took Hanzhong, he had mastered the gateway of Yizhou. Going south to attack Shu Prefecture was an irresistible situation. Thinking about this time, he still couldn’t turn his back on Sun Quan, so he immediately sent out a signal of peace; Sun Quan didn’t want to have a fling with Liu Bei at this time, so he immediately sent Zhuge Jin to negotiate with Liu Bei. After talking about it, let’s divide Jingzhou by the border of Xiangshui River. What does it mean? With the Xiangshui River as the boundary, Changsha County, Jiangxia County, and Guiyang County to the east of the Xiangshui River belong to Sun Quan, while Nanjun, Lingling County, and Wuling County to the west of the Xiangshui River belong to Liu Bei. That is to say, Liu Bei took out Changsha and Guiyang from among the four counties in Jiangnan and gave them to Sun Quan. In exchange for his relatively long stay in Jiangling, he also obtained peace between the two counties. This is called land for peace.
这一场斗争的结果，是孙权最终没能收回荆州，只接回了妹妹。孙权是不会死心的，孙权也是不会甘心的，而且在孙权集团内部有很多人是主张一定要收回荆州的。当然再说一下，解释说明一下，收回荆州这个说法是站在东吴集团的立场上说的，他们认为是收回，那刘备看来就是夺取。而且后来，极力主张联合刘备的联刘派的领袖鲁肃也去世了，接替鲁肃的，是新一代的吞刘派的领袖吕蒙。这个事情它非常好玩儿，就这个前线总指挥，第一任是主张吞刘的周瑜，接班的是主张联刘的鲁肃，鲁肃去世以后接任的又是主张吞刘的吕蒙。那么吕蒙一上任以后，就向孙权提出了夺回荆州的这个战略方案，而且进行了实施。那么我们现在的问题就是，吕蒙又是一个什么样的人？他为什么极力主张吞刘自大，夺回荆州？吕蒙能够从关羽的手中夺回荆州吗？请看下集——白衣渡江。
As a result of this struggle, Sun Quan ultimately failed to take back Jingzhou and only took back his younger sister. Sun Quan will not give up, and Sun Quan will not be reconciled. Moreover, there are many people within the Sun Quan Group who advocate that Jingzhou must be taken back. Of course, once again, explain that the claim of taking back Jingzhou was made from the standpoint of the Soochow Group. If they believe it is taking back, then Liu Bei seems to be seizing it. And later, Lu Su, the leader of the Lianliu faction who strongly advocated uniting Liu Bei, also died, and Lu Su was replaced by a new generation of leader Lu Meng of the Tunliu faction. This matter is very interesting. As the commander in chief of the front line, the first one was Zhou Yu, who advocated the annexation of Liu, and the successor was Lu Su, who advocated the annexation of Liu. After Lu Su’s death, the successor was Lv Meng, who advocated the annexation of Liu. After taking office, Lv Meng proposed to Sun Quan the strategic plan of recapturing Jingzhou and implemented it. So our current question is, what kind of person is Lv Meng? Why does he strongly advocate swallowing Liu for arrogance and retaking Jingzhou? Can Lv Meng recapture Jingzhou from Guan Yu’s hands? Please watch the next episode – Crossing the River in White Clothes.
