＊孔融的这句“有天下者，何必卯金刀”的狂语，是出自建安十三年，当时的曹操既没有当皇帝的野心，也没有当皇帝的条件，而孔融屡屡与曹操作对，因此曹操就拿孔融的这句话做起了文章。
那就是谋反了，马上把孔融抓起来了，下狱，处死，弃市，老婆孩子全部杀掉。但是曹操杀孔融，他公布的罪名不是谋反，是什么呢？是不孝。说孔融查出来有两条不孝的言论，第一条说什么呢？说父母和子女是没有恩情的。首先父亲对子女没有恩，为什么呢？因为父亲之所以生下儿子、女儿，他的本来目的是为了自己快活，满足自己的某种欲望。那母亲总有恩吧？他说母亲也没有恩，母亲就好比一个瓦罐，这个孩子就好比瓦罐里装的东西，东西倒出来以后你说这个东西跟这个瓦罐有什么关系啊？没关系。这是一条。第二条就是说，饥荒的时候如果有一点吃的东西，是给父亲呢还是给别人？孔融说，如果父亲不好，这个东西就宁肯给别人，不要给你父亲。这两条就是不孝了，因此把孔融给杀了，而且把这个罪状公布出来。那么我们现在来看这个案子，我们可以发现这是典型的以言治罪，也是典型的专制政治。因为第一条，我们不知道孔融是不是说了这个话，根据公布的材料看，说是孔融跟祢衡说，然后祢衡到处散布。但是你要知道祢衡现在已经死了啊，死无对证。就我个人认为，说这个话是祢衡说的还有点像，孔融倒是未必说了这个话，但是曹操一口咬定孔融说的，那就算孔融说了，也不容他辩护，也没有律师对不对，也没有证据。第二，就算孔融说了这个话，他顶多是不像话嘛，还犯不了死罪嘛。第三点，曹操自己说过唯才是举，不仁、不孝都不要紧，对不对？这个孔融仅仅是有一些不孝的言论，你曹操把不孝的人都用到重要的岗位上了，你的罪过不是更大吗？你怎么不死呢？鲁迅先生说，但是我们不能去问曹操，我们如果去问他，他把我们也杀了。
“Kong Rong’s crazy phrase” If there is a world under heaven, why use a golden knife? “Comes from the 13th year of Jian’an. At that time, Cao Cao had neither the ambition nor the conditions to become an emperor, and Kong Rong repeatedly opposed Cao Cao, so Cao Cao took Kong Rong’s sentence as an article.
“That’s a conspiracy. Immediately, Kong Rong was arrested, imprisoned, executed, abandoned the market, and his wife and children were all killed.”. But when Cao Cao killed Kong Rong, the charge he announced was not conspiracy. What was it? It’s unfilial. It is said that Kong Rong has found two unfilial statements. What does the first one say? Saying that parents and children are ungrateful. First of all, fathers are not kind to their children, why? “Because the father gave birth to sons and daughters, his original purpose was to be happy and satisfy certain desires.”. Is there always a favor for mother? He said that his mother is not kind either. Her mother is like a clay pot, and this child is like the contents of the clay pot. After the things are poured out, what do you think this thing has to do with this clay pot? No problem. This is one. The second point is, if there is something to eat during a famine, should it be given to the father or someone else? Kong Rong said, “If my father is not good, I would rather give this thing to someone else than to your father.”. “These two items were considered unfilial, so Kong Rong was killed and the crime was made public.”. Let’s take a look at this case now. We can find that this is a typical case of using words to punish crimes, and it is also a typical case of authoritarian politics. Because of the first item, we don’t know if Kong Rong said this. According to the published materials, it was said that Kong Rong spoke to You Heng, and then You Heng spread it everywhere. But you should know that you Heng is now dead, and there is no proof of death. Personally, in my opinion, saying this is somewhat similar to what you said. Kong Rong may not have said this, but Cao Cao firmly believes that even if Kong Rong said it, he would not be allowed to defend it. There is no lawyer right or wrong, and there is no evidence. Secondly, even if Kong Rong said this, he wouldn’t be able to commit a capital crime. Third, Cao Cao himself said that talent is the only way to do things, and it doesn’t matter if you’re unkind or unfilial, right? This Kong Rong just has some unfilial remarks. You Cao Cao used unfilial people to important positions. Isn’t your guilt even greater? Why don’t you die? Mr. Lu Xun said, “But we cannot ask Cao Cao. If we ask him, he will kill us too.”.
但是曹操的这个做法，用心是极深，再次表明曹操是城府很深的政治家，而孔融是书呆子。为什么呢？曹操为什么不用谋反的罪名，要用不孝的罪名来杀孔融呢？因为西汉、东汉两汉王朝是以孝治天下，这个“孝”字非常重要，你去看汉代的皇帝，除了极个别的几个人以外每个人的谥号前面都有一个“孝”字，比方说惠帝——孝惠帝，武帝——孝武帝。孝是很重要的，曹操用不孝来杀人，就是证明说自己道德高尚，也说明自己维护汉室，是忠臣。污蔑了别人，洗刷了自己，一箭双雕，这是第一点。第二点，孔融是什么人？孔融是孔子的后代啊，孔子的主张是什么？孝啊，你孔子的后代不孝是什么概念，你们想想是什么概念？所以曹操是不但要在政治上把孔融打倒，而且要在道德上把孔融搞臭；不但要消灭他的肉体，而且要玷污他的声誉。所以这一手极其毒辣，以至于后来陈寿作《三国志》的时候都不敢给孔融立传。
However, Cao Cao’s intention in this practice is extremely deep, which once again shows that Cao Cao is a politician with deep government, while Kong Rong is a bookworm. Why? Why didn’t Cao Cao use the accusation of rebellion and use the accusation of unfilial piety to kill Kong Rong? Because the Western and Eastern Han dynasties ruled the world with filial piety, the word “filial piety” is very important. If you look at the emperors of the Han Dynasty, except for a few individuals, everyone’s posthumous title is preceded by the word “filial piety”, such as Emperor Hui – Emperor Xiao Hui, and Emperor Wu – Emperor Xiao Wu. Filial piety is very important, and Cao Cao’s use of unfilial behavior to kill people proves that he is morally noble and that he upholds the Han family and is a loyal minister. The first point is to slander others, wash yourself, and kill two birds with one stone. Secondly, who is Kong Rong? Kong Rong is a descendant of Confucius. What is Confucius’s proposition? “Filial piety, what is the concept of filial piety of your descendants of Confucius? What do you think it is?”? So Cao Cao not only wanted to overthrow Kong Rong politically, but also to stink Kong Rong morally; Not only will it destroy his flesh, but it will also tarnish his reputation. Therefore, this technique was so virulent that Chen Shou dared not pass it on to Kong Rongli when he wrote “The Records of the Three Kingdoms”.
不过这个事情站在曹操的立场上，也确有一正风气的作用。曹操是要借孔融来正一正社会风气，但这个风气倒不是孝和不孝，是什么呢？是这个时候这些士人们都非常清高，这些清高的士人当中也有两拨人，一种是真清高，一种是假清高；一种是真有才，一种是假有才。但是有趣的是，这些人只要有一个士人的身份，那么不管他是有才气还是没才气，都有脾气。那么这些人都是采取一个和当局不合作的态度，这些人都喜欢在背后议论、嘲笑、挖苦、讽刺曹操，这是曹操不能容忍的。曹操是一个在非常之时行非常之事的非常之人，他岂容别人天天在背后说他的坏话？又岂容所有的人都不跟他合作呢？他必须杀一儆百，他必须杀鸡给猴子看，孔融就是这样一只大公鸡。
那么，在建安元年，祢衡死了；在建安十三年，孔融死了；在建安十七年，荀彧死了。到了建安二十一年，曹操杀了崔琰；到建安二十四年，曹操杀了杨修。崔琰的死、杨修的死，和前面的这些人——祢衡、孔融、荀彧的情况又不相同，那么曹操为什么要杀崔琰，又为什么要杀杨修呢？请看下集——命案真相。
However, from the standpoint of Cao Cao, this matter does have the effect of a positive atmosphere. Cao Cao wanted to bring about a positive social atmosphere through Confucius’ integration, but this atmosphere is not filial piety or unfilial piety. What is it? At this time, these scholars are very noble, and there are also two groups of these noble scholars, one is true noble, the other is false noble; One is true talent, and the other is false talent. However, it is interesting that as long as these people have the status of a scholar, whether they are talented or not, they all have a temper. So these people all adopt a non cooperative attitude with the authorities, and they all like to talk behind their backs, laugh at, satirize, and satirize Cao Cao, which Cao Cao cannot tolerate. Cao Cao is an extraordinary person who does extraordinary things at extraordinary times. How could he allow others to speak ill of him behind his back every day? How dare everyone not cooperate with him? He must make an example of one another, and he must kill a chicken to show the monkey. Kong Rong is such a big cock.
Then, in the first year of Jian’an, you Heng died; In the thirteenth year of Jian’an, Kong Rong died; In the seventeenth year of Jian’an, Xunyu died. In the 21st year of Jian’an, Cao Cao killed Cui Yan; In the 24th year of Jian’an, Cao Cao killed Yang Xiu. The deaths of Cui Yan and Yang Xiu are different from those of the preceding people – Mi Heng, Kong Rong, and Xun Yu. So why did Cao Cao kill Cui Yan and Yang Xiu? Please watch the next episode – The Truth of the Murder Case.
