这个地方已经经过父兄三代的经营，政权非常稳固，这个地方我们只能跟他联合、联盟，也不能打他的主意。那么可以打主意的地方呢？两个地方，第一个是荆州，我们来看看地图就知道，荆州这块地方有多大，荆州当时号称七郡，也号称八郡，因为它当中有一个郡，章陵郡是有时候设有时候废的，但是七个郡是没有问题的。而且这个地方我们看看地图，按照诸葛亮当时的说法是，它的北面是汉水和沔水，它的南面是现在的广东、广西，它的东面是现在的江苏、浙江，它的西面是现在的重庆、四川，兵家必争之地，也是英雄用武之地，这是个好地方。更好的是什么呢？其主不能守，这个地盘的主人他守不住，所以诸葛亮说：
“此殆天所以资将军，将军岂有意乎？”
This place has been managed by our father and brother for three generations, and the political power is very stable. We can only unite and alliance with him in this place, and we cannot make any decisions about him. What about places to make ideas? There are two places, the first is Jingzhou. Let’s take a look at the map to see how big Jingzhou is. Jingzhou was then known as the Seven Prefectures, also known as the Eight Prefectures, because there was one of them. Zhangling Prefectures were sometimes abolished, but the seven counties were no problem. And when we look at the map of this place, according to Zhuge Liang’s statement at the time, its north side is Hanshui and Mianshui, its south side is now Guangdong and Guangxi, its east side is now Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and its west side is now Chongqing and Sichuan, a place that must be contested by soldiers and used by heroes. This is a good place. What’s better? “The owner of this land cannot defend it. The owner of this land cannot defend it, so Zhuge Liang said:”
“This perilous sky is the capital of the general. Did the general have any intention?”
这个地方就是天准备送给你的，要不要啊？这是明知故问，刘备这个时候上无片瓦，下无立锥之地，随便给他个地方他都得要，何况是荆州这个好地方还有不要的？所以不需要回答，这个设问是不需要回答的。
接着再往下讲，另外还有一个地方益州，来看看地图就知道，益州这个地方也很大，当时的益州包括什么呢？包括现在的四川、重庆和陕西南部的一部分，就是汉中，就是汉中、巴郡、蜀郡等等这些地方都在当时的益州这个范围之内，尤其是汉中平原和成都平原，这两个地方诸葛亮说是“沃野千里，天府之土”。我们现在都知道成都平原那是天府之国，而且四面是山，当中一个平原，沃野千里，四季常青，物产丰富，易守难攻，而且当年高皇帝刘邦就是在汉中平原发迹的，他封的汉王嘛，所以诸葛亮说这也是一个好地方。这个地方现在属于谁呢？蜀这个地方属于刘璋，汉中属于张鲁，这两个人都不行，都不是好领导，所以这两个地方的人叫做“智能之士思得明君”，都盼望着有一个英明的君主去领导他们，那意思说这地方也是天准备送给你的。
This place is prepared for you by God. Do you want it? This is a knowingly asked question. At this time, Liu Bei has no roof over his head and no foothold below. He has to ask for any place he wants, not to mention Jingzhou, a good place? Therefore, there is no need to answer this hypothetical question.
Next, there is another place called Yizhou. Looking at the map, we can see that Yizhou was also a large place. What did it include at that time? Including the current parts of Sichuan, Chongqing, and southern Shaanxi, namely, Hanzhong, namely, Hanzhong, Bajun, Shujun, and other places were within the scope of Yizhou at that time, especially the Hanzhong Plain and Chengdu Plain, which Zhuge Liang said were “fertile fields with thousands of miles, the land of Tianfu.”. As we all know now, Chengdu Plain is a land of abundance, surrounded by mountains on all sides. Among them, there is a plain with fertile fields of thousands of miles, evergreen throughout the four seasons, rich in products, easy to defend and difficult to attack. Moreover, Liu Bang, the High Emperor, made his fortune in the Hanzhong Plain, and he appointed the King of Han. Therefore, Zhuge Liang said that this is also a good place. Who does this place belong to now? Shu belongs to Liu Zhang, and Hanzhong belongs to Zhang Lu. Neither of these two people is good at leading. Therefore, the people in these two places are called “wise men and wise kings”, and they both hope to have a wise ruler to lead them. That means that this place is also prepared for you by heaven.
＊可以想象，在当时很落魄的刘备，听了诸葛亮这一番精辟透彻的分析，心中一定是暗喜，认为自己兴复汉室的大业终于有望了。可是刘备是当时军阀中最弱的一个，不用说曹操、孙权的实力远远比他强，就连刘表、刘璋、张鲁实力也不如。那么，诸葛亮说得如此诱人，刘备难道没有自知之明吗？诸葛亮为刘备的指点迷津究竟可行吗？刘备凭借什么才能实现自己恢复汉室的梦想呢？
It can be imagined that Liu Bei, who was very down and down at the time, must have been secretly pleased after hearing Zhuge Liang’s thorough and penetrating analysis, and believed that his great cause of rejuvenating the Han family was finally expected. However, Liu Bei was the weakest of the warlords at that time. It goes without saying that Cao Cao and Sun Quan were far stronger than him, even Liu Biao, Liu Zhang, and Zhang Lu were not as powerful. So, when Zhuge Liang spoke so seductively, didn’t Liu Bei know himself? Is Zhuge Liang’s guidance for Liu Bei feasible? What can Liu Bei rely on to realize his dream of restoring the Han family?
好了，这两个地方既然是天要送给你的，那不要白不要，他当然没有明说，我们也懂这个意思，我们就把它拿下。拿下了以后怎么样呢？诸葛亮说：以将军您的声望，“信义著于四海”；以将军您的身份，“帝室之胄”；再以将军您的号召力，“总揽英雄，思贤如渴”。有这个身份，有这个名望，有这个号召力，你只要拿下这两个地方，就有了一个稳固的根据地。然后我们在这个根据地里面一方面把内部的政治搞好，另一方面把外部的关系搞好，联合孙权，意思就是说，那你就有一个独立王国了，当然这个话也没有明说出来。有了这个独立王国怎么样呢？一旦天下有变，您就派一位上将军从荆州北上，取道宛城，进攻洛阳，将军自己从益州出发，取道秦川，进攻西安，那个时候天底下的老百姓还不拿着酒、拿着菜、拿着饭、拿着肉夹道欢迎将军您吗？叫做：
“天下百姓熟敢不箪食壶浆以迎将军者乎？诚如是，则霸业可成，汉室可兴矣。”
Alright, since these two places were sent to you by heaven, don’t waste them. Of course, he didn’t explicitly say it. We also understand the meaning, so we’ll take them down. What will happen after taking it? Zhuge Liang said, “With your reputation as General,” faithfulness lies in the four seas. “; In your capacity as a general, “the nobles of the imperial family”; “With your calling power, General,” we will gather heroes and yearn for talents. “. With this identity, reputation, and appeal, as long as you take these two places, you will have a solid base. “Then in this base area, on the one hand, we should improve internal politics, on the other hand, we should improve external relations, and unite with Sun Quan, which means that you will have an independent kingdom. Of course, this is not explicitly stated.”. What about having this independent kingdom? Once the world has changed, you will send an upper general from Jingzhou to the north, via Wancheng, and attack Luoyang. The general himself will set out from Yizhou, via Qinchuan, and attack Xi’an. At that time, the ordinary people in the world still welcomed you with wine, vegetables, rice, and meat in hand? be called:
“Do the common people in the world dare to meet the general by simply eating kettles and oars? If so, hegemony can be achieved, and the Han family can prosper.”
如是，如果这样的话，那你就成功了嘛。这番话说得刘备是醍醐灌顶、如梦方醒、恍然大悟，哦，原来所谓霸业或者帝业就是这样实现的，哎呀太好了，他说：“善！”太好了。当然，这个最终的目标没有实现，如果实现了的话，那么我们中国历史上要出现一个“后后汉”，因为你不好再它什么了，只好叫“后后汉”。
If so, then you will succeed. “Liu Bei was enlightened, awakened from a dream, and suddenly realized. Oh, that’s how the so-called hegemony or imperial industry was realized. Oh, that’s great. He said, ‘Good!'” That’s great. “. Of course, this ultimate goal has not been achieved. If it is achieved, there will be a “post Han Dynasty” in Chinese history, because if you don’t know what to do with it, you will have to call it “post Han Dynasty”.
那么这个目标为什么没有实现呢？因为诸葛亮说得很清楚，实现这个目标有一个前提，叫做“天下有变”，也就是说北方曹操那边要自己出乱子，要出问题，那么不出乱子，不出问题，天下无变呢？刘备没有问，诸葛亮也没说，为什么呢？用不着。刘备是什么人？潜龙，诸葛亮什么人？卧龙，两条龙在那儿说话，要说得那么清楚吗？要说得那么直白吗？要说得那么赤裸裸的吗？用不着嘛，心领神会。天下无变怎么办？天下无变咱就在荆州和益州待着呗，那么好两个地方，吃个七顿八顿的没有问题。也就是说诸葛亮给他做的这个规划是进可攻、退可守，最高纲领：实现帝业，当皇帝，统一中国；不行的话：三分天下，成就霸业。这是一个多好的设计，所以刘备非常高兴。这次谈话完了以后，大概就是诸葛亮就跟刘备走了，到了刘备军中，经常和刘备谈话，结果两个人情好日密，感情一天比一天好，好到什么程度呢？好到关羽和张飞有意见了，关羽、张飞说这本来我们是哥仨啊，我们是食者同器、寝者同床，铁得不能再铁的哥们儿，怎么当中插了一个诸葛亮，而且我们哥哥对他好像就像老鼠爱大米，他有意见。于是刘备就做工作，说你们不要有意见，我有了孔明就像鱼有了水一样，原来不是老鼠爱大米，是鱼儿爱水，这样两个才没有意见。
So why hasn’t this goal been achieved? Because Zhuge Liang clearly stated that there is a prerequisite for achieving this goal, which is called “there will be change in the world”. That is to say, Cao Cao in the north wants to cause trouble and problems on his own, so if there is no trouble or problems, there will be no change in the world? Liu Bei didn’t ask, nor did Zhuge Liang say, why? not need. Who is Liu Bei? Qianlong, who is Zhuge Liang? Wolong, the two dragons are talking there. Do you want to speak so clearly? Want to be so straightforward? Do you want to speak so naked? There’s no need, I understand. What if the world doesn’t change? “If the world doesn’t change, we’ll just stay in Jingzhou and Yizhou. There are two good places, and there’s no problem eating seven or eight meals.”. That is to say, the plan made by Zhuge Liang for him is to advance and retreat, with the highest guiding principle: to achieve imperial cause, to be emperor, and to unify China; If not, divide the world into three parts and achieve hegemony. This is such a good design, so Liu Bei is very happy. After this conversation, it was probably Zhuge Liang who left with Liu Bei. When he arrived in Liu Bei’s army, he often talked to Liu Bei. As a result, the two people became closer and closer to each other, and their relationship grew better day by day. How much better was it? It’s good that Guan Yu and Zhang Fei have a disagreement. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei said that we were originally three brothers. We were brothers who ate the same food and slept in the same bed, and couldn’t be more iron. Why was there a Zhuge Liang inserted into them? Moreover, our brother seemed to love him like a mouse and rice, and he intended to see him. So Liu Bei went to work and said, “Don’t have any opinions. I have Kongming just like a fish has water. It turns out that it’s not rats who love rice, but fish who love water, so the two have no opinions.”.
