第四个原因，社会心理。中国人的社会心理是什么呢？圣人情结。因为中国是一个宗教意识就是我们民族是一个宗教意识淡薄的民族，在我们传统社会的社会生活中，其实是没有宗教的，我们没有本土宗教，宗教都是外来的，道教是宗教外来以后才出现的，不是自己产生出来的，我们不崇拜神，我们崇拜人，这是中西文化的差异，西方人崇拜神，而且基督教的神是无形的，基督教教义的上帝没有形状，不是人格神，他是一个看不见、摸不着的存在，因此超越了所有的人，因此才可能实现在上帝面前的人人平等，才有了对上帝的忏悔，他实际上是一种内心独白。而中国呢？它没这个概念，中国传统没这个概念，它崇拜的是人，从伏羲开始，然后是周公，孔子，都是真人，真人崇拜，那么这个真人一旦他变成了崇拜对象就必须把他完美化，就把他神话，就要弄得他完美无缺，比方说孔子，后世被尊为大成至圣先师，甚至后来有一种说法说一个人，你只要在孔子身上学到三条你就是君子了，孔子太高大、太完美，高山仰止，你只能仰着头看，你学都学不来的，你学三条就不错了，有一个纨绔子弟、花花公子就说了，我就学了孔子三条，人说不可能，就你这么个人还能学到孔子三条，我当然学到三条：食不厌精，脍不厌细，唯酒无量。由此我们就可以知道这个真人崇拜是多么的可笑，是人他就会有弱点，是人他就会有缺点，是人他就会犯错误，世界上哪有无弱点、无缺点、不犯错误的人呢？那神都难免嘛，《圣经》里面那个上帝他也不知道伊甸田里有条蛇嘛，你说那蛇哪来的，是他创造的还是不是他创造的？是他创造的他不全善，外面进来的他不全能，外面进来一条蛇他不知道他不全知，神都难免犯错误何况人呢？那么由于我们有这样一个崇拜，我们就要把这个对象说得完美无缺，而在我看来一个人一旦变成完美无缺了，我就不相信，绝不可信，也绝不可爱，可爱的人一定是有缺点错误的，哪怕睡觉打呼噜，你总得有点缺点。
画外音：易中天先生认为自身区别、文艺渲染、政治需要和社会心理是曹操和诸葛亮文学形象和民间形象形成的四大原因。其中圣人崇拜和情结至关重要，由于有这样一个情结，我们就要把崇拜的对象说得完美无缺。同样，由于有这样一个情结，我们在把一个人变成神的同时，也一定会把另一个人变成鬼，那么这个情结的背后又是什么呢？
实际上，现在我们回过头来看，在我们文学形象和民间形象当中的曹操和诸葛亮一个神一个鬼，恰恰就是我们人性的两面，人是复杂的，人是矛盾的，任何人的内心深处都有善与恶的斗争，当我们这个人性折射到文学艺术作品当中，折射到我们的民间传说当中就形成了这样两个形象，因此我们说他们是一枚硬币的正反两面，这枚硬币就是人性。他们也是长江的后浪和前浪，曹操是前浪，诸葛亮是后浪，都在致力推行一条属于庶族地主阶级的法家路线。长江后浪推前浪，前浪死在沙滩上，诸葛亮变成后浪以后，曹操就不可避免地死在沙滩上了，而我们今天回过头来看这段历史，我们应该看得更高、看得更远、看得更深，这就是我寄希望于诸位的52集大型系列节目《品三国》全部讲完，谢谢大家的收看，再见。
The fourth reason is social psychology. What is the social psychology of Chinese people? Sage complex. “Because China is a religious consciousness, our nation is a nation with a weak religious consciousness. In the social life of our traditional society, there is actually no religion. We do not have local religions, and religions are all foreign. Taoism emerged after religion was foreign, not created by ourselves. We do not worship gods, but we worship people. This is the difference between Chinese and Western cultures. Westerners worship gods,”, Moreover, the God of Christianity is invisible, and the God of Christianity has no shape, not a personality God. He is an invisible and untouchable existence that transcends all human beings. Therefore, it is possible to achieve equality for all before God, and there is a confession to God. He is actually an inner monologue. And China? “It doesn’t have this concept, and Chinese tradition doesn’t have this concept. It worships people, starting with Fu Xi, followed by Duke of Zhou, Confucius, who are all real people, and worships them. Once a real person becomes an object of worship, he must be perfected, and if he is mythologized, he must be made perfect. For example, Confucius, who will be respected as the greatest sage and ancestor in later generations, even later there is a saying that a person,”, “As long as you learn three things from Confucius, you are a gentleman. Confucius is too tall and perfect, and the mountains are still high. You can only look up and look up. If you can’t even learn, you’ll be fine if you learn three things. As a dandy and playboy said, I learned the three things from Confucius. People say it’s impossible, and you alone can learn the three things from Confucius. Of course, I learned three things: never tire of fine food, never tire of fine food, never tire of fine wine, and never drink too much.”. From this, we can know how ridiculous this worship of human beings is. As a human being, he will have weaknesses, as a human being, he will have shortcomings, and as a human being, he will make mistakes. Who in the world is without weaknesses, shortcomings, and mistakes? Is it inevitable that the God in the Bible is not aware of a snake in the field of Eden? Where did you say the snake came from, was it created by him or not? “He created him and he is not all good. He who comes in from outside is not all powerful. He who comes in from outside does not know that he is not all aware. God is bound to make mistakes, not to mention human beings.”? So because we have such a worship, we need to make this object perfect. In my opinion, once a person becomes perfect, I don’t believe it, I won’t believe it, and I won’t be cute. Lovely people must have shortcomings and mistakes. Even if you snore during sleep, you always have some shortcomings.
Voice over: Mr. Yi Zhongtian believes that his own differences, literary exaggeration, political needs, and social psychology are the four main reasons for the formation of Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang’s literary and folk images. Among them, the worship of saints and the complex are crucial. Due to such a complex, we must make the object of worship perfect. Similarly, due to such a complex, when we transform one person into a god, we must also transform another person into a ghost. What is behind this complex?
In fact, looking back now, in our literary and folk images, Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang, one god and one ghost, are precisely two sides of our human nature. People are complex and contradictory. Everyone has a struggle between good and evil in their hearts. When our human nature is reflected in literary and artistic works and in our folklore, these two images are formed, Therefore, we say that they are the positive and negative sides of a coin, which is human nature. They are also the rear and front waves of the Yangtze River, with Cao Cao as the front wave and Zhuge Liang as the rear wave. They are all committed to promoting a legalist line that belongs to the common landlord class. “The back waves of the Yangtze River pushed the front waves, and the front waves died on the beach. After Zhuge Liang became the back waves, Cao Cao inevitably died on the beach. Looking back at this period of history today, we should see higher, farther, and deeper. This is the end of the 52 episode large-scale series” Tasting the Three Kingdoms “that I hope you will have. Thank you for watching. Goodbye.”.
