画外音：有着国士之风的诸葛亮心系天下、忧国忧民，他的出山没有世俗人眼里的故做清高，而且后来的事实也证明了这一点，出山之后的诸葛亮忠心耿耿，恪尽职守，帮助刘备完成了自己的霸业，然而在刘备称帝的八年以后孙权在武昌称帝，并派使臣到蜀表示二帝并尊，让人吃惊的是诸葛亮不但没有阻止孙权，还派人前去祝贺，他承认孙权称帝，同意二帝并尊的局面，这是为什么呢？有着正统思想的诸葛亮为什么接受这个现实呢？这也就成了诸葛亮留给后人的第二个谜团。
第二个，并尊之谜。所谓并尊是什么呢？就是承认孙权称帝。我们知道孙权称帝是比较晚的，但是后来还是称帝了。三国时代称帝的这个程序是这样，首先是曹丕称帝，曹操死了以后他接替了魏王，然后接受了陈群的九品官人之法和建议和士族地主阶级达成政治交易，然后上演一场所谓禅让的人这样一场政治笑剧，当了皇帝，那么当了皇帝以后，汉就没有了，变成魏了，这时候第二年刘备宣布称帝，仍然叫汉，因为汉皇帝没有了，汉代也不能没有皇帝嘛，那么我刘备来当，那孙权迟迟没有称帝，但是最后还是称帝了，孙权称帝以后就派使者到蜀国去通知蜀国，说我也当皇帝了，那么我们是不是可以有两个皇帝啊，这是一个很大的事情啊，因为自从有了帝国制度以后，普天之下只有一个国家，一个皇帝，一个政府，怎么搞出两个来呢？何况北边还有一个，当然了，这个孙权提出来的是你们蜀汉也承认我东吴，我们东吴也承认你蜀汉，我们都不承认曹魏，那也不行啊，天无二日，人无二君啊，（但是）诸葛亮同意，而这个同意在以前是不可设想的。当然，在三国关系中诸葛亮是极力主张联吴抗曹的，这是自始至终的从来没有变过，所以夷陵之战以后，刘备去世以后，诸葛亮马上要做的事情就是恢复了和东吴的盟好，派邓芝使吴，孙权同意了，从此吴蜀两家就再没有发生过战争。但是邓芝多次使吴，第二次出使吴国的时候，那时候孙权还没称帝，孙权就提出了二帝并尊的设想，孙权说如果将来天下平定了，我们把曹魏灭了，贵我两国共治天下如何啊？邓芝说什么呢？说大王啊，这恐怕不行，我们两国联合起来灭了曹魏以后，我希望你们能够识时务，意思就是希望你投降，如果你们贵方不识时务的话呢，不好办，天无二日，人无二君，那我们两国都只好各自回去，各自的君主修德政，各自的文臣武将练功夫，我们大家都把鼓槌拿起来敲，战场上见。这是邓芝使吴的时候说的话，但是当孙权当真称帝的时候，诸葛亮决定承认二帝并尊，这件事情意义非常大的，它对于一个正统思想很重的人来说，迈出这一步非常不容易，为什么会这样做？表现出什么来？我认为表现出的是诸葛亮的务实精神，诸葛亮是一个非常务实的人，我们现在回过头去读他的《隆中对》你看可有一句空话，非常实在，刘备还说什么：*臣窃命，主上蒙尘。孤不度德量力，欲信大义于天大，而智太短浅，遂用猖獗，至于今日。然志犹未已，君谓计将安出?诸葛亮没有跟你讨论什么主上蒙尘，*臣窃命这些问题，他讲的是你赶快占块地方，董卓一来天下大乱，所有人都在抢地盘，你非得有根据地不可，非常实在，是个实实在在的人。所以这个并尊二帝，我认为又体现诸葛亮的一种值得我们学习的精神，就是审时度势的务实精神。但是这里面有一个问题，就是他的北伐，这个问题我在前面节目里面已经讲过了，就是为什么要不停的北伐，也不是他不审时度势，实在是除了这样做以外，没有别的选择，这就不展开说了，第二个谜。
Voice over: Zhuge Liang, with a national scholar’s demeanor, cared about the world and the people. His ascent from the mountains was not as lofty as secular people thought, and later facts also proved this. After his ascent, Zhuge Liang was loyal and devoted to his duties, helping Liu Bei complete his hegemonic career. However, eight years after Liu Bei became emperor, Sun Quan became emperor in Wuchang, and sent envoys to Shu to show that the two emperors were respected together, It is surprising that Zhuge Liang not only did not stop Sun Quan, but also sent people to congratulate him. He admitted that Sun Quan was proclaimed emperor and agreed to the situation of two emperors being respected together. Why is this? Why did Zhuge Liang, who had orthodox ideas, accept this reality? This has become the second mystery that Zhuge Liang left to future generations.
The second, and respect the mystery. What is the so-called unity and respect? Is to recognize Sun Quan as emperor. We know that Sun Quan became emperor relatively late, but he still became emperor later. In the Three Kingdoms era, the procedure for claiming the title of emperor was as follows: First, Cao Pi claimed the title of emperor. After Cao Cao’s death, he took over the throne of Wei. Then, he accepted Chen Qun’s method and advice of nine rank officials and reached a political deal with the gentry and landlord class. Then, a political joke called “abdication of the people” was staged. After becoming the emperor, the Han Dynasty disappeared and became the Wei Dynasty. At this time, the following year, Liu Bei announced the title of emperor, still known as the Han Dynasty, “Because there was no Emperor in the Han Dynasty, there could not have been no Emperor in the Han Dynasty. So I, Liu Bei, came to become Emperor, and Sun Quan didn’t become Emperor for a long time, but in the end, he still became Emperor. After Sun Quan became Emperor, he sent envoys to the State of Shu to inform the State of Shu that I would also become Emperor, so can we have two emperors? This is a big thing, because since the establishment of the imperial system, there is only one country and one emperor under heaven,”, How can a government create two? Moreover, there is another one in the north. Of course, what Sun Quan proposed is that you, the Shu Han, also recognize me, the Soochow Wu, and we, the Soochow Wu, also recognize you, the Shu Han. We all do not recognize the Cao Wei. That’s not true. There are no two days in heaven, and no two kings in man. (However) Zhuge Liang agreed, and this agreement was unthinkable in the past. Of course, in the relationship between the three kingdoms, Zhuge Liang strongly advocated uniting Wu and resisting Cao. This has never changed from beginning to end. Therefore, after the Battle of Yiling and the death of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang immediately needed to restore his alliance with the Eastern Wu and sent Deng Zhi to send Wu and Sun Quan to agree. Since then, there has been no war between the Wu and Shu families. However, Deng Zhi made multiple missions to Wu, and when he made his second mission to the State of Wu, Sun Quan proposed the idea of two emperors being respected together before Sun Quan became emperor. Sun Quan said that if the world were to be settled in the future, we would wipe out Cao Wei, how would it be for both of us to rule the world together? What did Deng Zhi say? Speaking of King, I’m afraid that’s not possible. After our two countries united to destroy Cao Wei, I hope you can understand current affairs, which means that we hope you surrender. If you are not aware of current affairs, it’s difficult to handle it. There are no two days, no two kings. Then both of our two countries will have to go back. Our respective monarchs practice moral governance, and our respective civil servants and military generals practice martial arts. We all hold up our drumsticks and beat them, so we can see each other on the battlefield. This is what Deng Zhi said when he sent Wu, but when Sun Quan became emperor, Zhuge Liang decided to admit that the two emperors were respected together. This matter is of great significance. It is very difficult for a person with a strong sense of orthodoxy to take this step. Why did he do this? What does it show? “I think what I have shown is Zhuge Liang’s pragmatic spirit. Zhuge Liang is a very pragmatic person. Now, when we look back and read his” Longzhong Dui “, you can see that there is an empty line, which is very real. What else does Liu Bei say: * My ministers steal their lives, and the Lord is covered in dust.”. “I don’t measure my virtue and strength, and I want to believe in the great righteousness of heaven, but my wisdom is too shallow, so I use it recklessly, as of today.”. However, the ambition has not yet been achieved. Do you think the plan will be settled? Zhuge Liang didn’t discuss with you any issues such as the dust on the Lord and the theft of the life of his ministers. He said that you should quickly occupy a space. When Dong Zhuo arrived, the world was in chaos, and everyone was robbing the land. You had to have a foundation, very real, and a real person. Therefore, this combination of respecting the two emperors also reflects Zhuge Liang’s spirit worth learning, which is the pragmatic spirit of judging the situation. However, there is a problem here, that is, his Northern Expedition, which I have already talked about in the previous program, that is, why the Northern Expedition keeps on going, and it is not that he does not judge the situation. It is really that there is no other choice but to do so, so let’s not expand on. The second mystery is.
