而这个意义非常地重大。这个意义为什么重大呢？我们来看一下孙权的政治地图。东吴政权和蜀汉政权一样，也是由三种力量组成的。蜀汉政权讲过了，三股政治力量，第一个是刘备代表的或者说刘备、诸葛亮代表的荆州集团，第二个是李严为代表的东州集团，第三个是以谯周等人为代表的益州集团。它这三股力量是像鸡尾酒一样的三个层面，荆州集团是最高层，东州集团是中层，益州集团是底层，这是蜀汉政权的情况。那么东吴政权呢？东吴政权也是由三股政治力量组成。
这三股政治力量，第一种是孙坚、孙策留下的这些人，是孙坚和孙策当年在江西发展，然后带到江东来的，我们称为淮泗军事集团，简称“淮泗将领”。那么这一部分人又包括两部分，一部分是孙坚旧部，有程普、黄盖、韩当；还有一部分是孙策的人，孙策旧部，有蒋钦、周泰、陈武。他们都不是江东人，他们的代表人物是谁呢？周瑜。这是第一股政治力量。
第二股呢，《三国志》的说法叫做“宾旅寄寓之士”，什么人呢？就是东汉末年社会动乱的时候，从北方避难或者避乱到江东的。因为当时这个战场主要在北方嘛，北方是战乱的这样一个区域，所以北方的士人就往南方跑，有的到了江东，有的到了荆州，这些人我们称为“流亡北士”。有哪些人呢？张昭、诸葛瑾、步骘、张纮、严畯、是仪。大家看一看这些人也都不是江东人，但是他们是士人。这个士人倒是不成集团，就是在孙权接班的时候它不成集团，它是流散在各地的，但是是一个政治势力。
第三股政治势力呢？江东世家大族，简称“江东士族”。这些士族在江东地区有四大家族，四大家族按照次序是虞、魏、顾、陆，叫做江东四大家族。
And this is very significant. Why is this significance significant? Let’s take a look at Sun Quan’s political map. The Eastern Wu regime, like the Shu Han regime, is also composed of three forces. As mentioned by the Shu Han regime, there are three political forces: the first is the Jingzhou Group represented by Liu Bei or Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, the second is the Dongzhou Group represented by Li Yan, and the third is the Yizhou Group represented by Qiao Zhou and others. These three forces are like cocktails at three levels. Jingzhou Group is the highest level, Dongzhou Group is the middle level, and Yizhou Group is the bottom level. This is the situation of the Shu Han regime. What about the Eastern Wu regime? The Eastern Wu regime is also composed of three political forces.
The first of these three political forces is the people left behind by Sun Jian and Sun Ce, who developed in Jiangxi and then brought them to Jiangdong. We call them the Huaisi Military Group, or “Huaisi General” for short. Then this group of people includes two parts, one is Sun Jian’s former tribe, including Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, and Han Dang; There are also some people who belong to Sun Ce, including Jiang Qin, Zhou Tai, and Chen Wu. None of them are Jiangdong people. Who are their representatives? Zhou Yu. This is the first political force.
The second part is that the saying in “The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms” is called “the person who stays in the guest’s journey”. Who is it? It was during the social turmoil of the late Eastern Han Dynasty that they took refuge from the north or fled to Jiangdong. “At that time, the battlefield was mainly in the north, which was a region plagued by war. Therefore, the northern taxi drivers fled to the south, some to Jiangdong and some to Jingzhou. These people are known as” exiled Beishi “.”. Who are there? Zhang Zhao, Zhuge Jin, Bu Zhi, Zhang Xuan, Yan Ming, Shi Yi. Let’s take a look. None of these people are Jiangdong people, but they are scholars. This scholar did not form a clique, that is, when Sun Quan took over, it did not form a clique. It was dispersed throughout the country, but it was a political force.
What about the third political force? Jiangdong Aristocratic Family, abbreviated as “Jiangdong Aristocratic Family”. These noble families have four major families in the Jiangdong region. The four major families are Yu, Wei, Gu, and Lu in order, which are called the four major families in the Jiangdong region.
那也就是说孙权的政治地图是这样的，三股政治力量：淮泗军事集团，或者是淮泗将领，我们算它红色；“宾旅寄寓之士”，或者说是流亡北士，我们算它黄色；江东世家大族，或者说江东士族，我们算它蓝色。红色代表着什么呢？枪杆子。黄色的流亡北士代表什么呢？笔杆子。蓝色的江东士族代表什么呢？钱袋子。一个政权要巩固，这三个“子”你必须要抓在手上，枪杆子、笔杆子、钱袋子，缺一个都不行。而孙权本人又是一个十八岁的小孩子，这个时候周瑜站出来支持他，作为淮泗军事集团的领袖站出来支持他，枪杆子就到了孙权的手上，这事情就搞掂了一半。然后张昭呢，他是流亡北士的一个代表，他站出来支持孙权，就意味着流亡北士有可能支持孙权。但是我们要讲清楚，这个时候还主要是张昭和张纮，其他人没来，但是张昭他这样做他起到了一个表率作用，起到了一个模范作用，起到了一个带头作用，所以后来像诸葛瑾啊、步骘啊、是仪啊，严畯这些人，陆陆续续也到了孙权的将军幕府，那么笔杆子就抓到手上了。那么剩下的就是蓝颜色的钱袋子，钱袋子能不能抓到手呢？
而且我们还要知道，孙氏政权毕竟是在江东建立的，江东建立的政权如果得不到本地人的支持，你是不能持久的。蜀汉政权灭亡一个很重要的原因是它得不到本地士族的支持，就是益州士族总是持一种怀疑、抵抗、不合作态度。孙权要在江东站住脚，继续争取江东士族的合作，也就是说用北京大学教授田余庆先生的话来说，孙权必须实现孙氏政权的江东化。我们回过头来看孙权建国，大家就会知道，最后他一文一武，他的丞相和统帅都是什么人呢？丞相是顾雍，统率是陆逊，全部换成了江东士族，用我的话来说就是孙氏政权最后“泛蓝”了。所以“泛蓝”就是江东化。
＊孙氏政权的“江东化”说明孙权最终是在江东站稳了脚跟，这为他将来建立“三分天下有其一”的东吴政权奠定了基础。而周瑜和张昭在孙权最初接班时候的鼎力支持，对孙权掌控局势可以说是起到了很大的作用。其中，周瑜还给孙权介绍了一个重要人物，这个人物对孙权来说也是至关重要。这个人是谁？他来到孙权身边究竟有什么重要的意义呢？
That is to say, Sun Quan’s political map is like this: three political forces: the Huaisi military group, or the Huaisi generals, we call it red; “The person who stays in the guest brigade”, or the person who lives in exile in the north, we call it yellow; Jiangdong Aristocratic Family, or Jiangdong Aristocratic Family, we call it blue. What does red represent? The barrel of a gun. What does the yellow exiled scholar represent? A pen holder. What does the blue Jiangdong gentry represent? Money bag. “To consolidate a political power, you must grasp these three” sons “in your hands, including a gun, a pen, and a money bag. You cannot lack any of them.”. Sun Quan himself was an 18 year old child. At this time, Zhou Yu stood up to support him, and as the leader of the Huaisi military group, he stood up to support him. The gun fell on Sun Quan’s hand, and the matter was half solved. Then Zhang Zhao, a representative of the exiled Beishi, stood up to support Sun Quan, which means that the exiled Beishi may support Sun Quan. “But let’s be clear. At this time, it was mainly Zhang Zhao and Zhang Yu who didn’t come, but Zhang Zhao did so as an example, an exemplary role, and a leading role. Therefore, later, such people as Zhuge Jin, Bu Zhi, Shi Yi, and Yan Hui, and Lu Lu Xuxu also arrived at Sun Quan’s General’s shogunate, so the pen was in their hands.”. So what’s left is a blue colored money bag. Can you grab it?
Moreover, we also need to know that the Sun regime was established in Jiangdong after all, and the regime established in Jiangdong cannot be sustained without the support of local people. A very important reason for the demise of the Shu Han regime was that it did not receive the support of the local gentry, which always held a skeptical, resistant, and uncooperative attitude. Sun Quan needs to gain a foothold in Jiangdong and continue to strive for the cooperation of the gentry in Jiangdong. In other words, in the words of Professor Tian Yuqing of Peking University, Sun Quan must realize the Jiangdongization of the Sun’s regime. When we look back at Sun Quan Jianguo, everyone will know that in the end, he was a scholar and a martial artist. Who were his prime minister and commander in chief? The prime minister was Gu Yong, and the commander was Lu Xun. All of them were replaced by the Jiangdong gentry, which, in my words, was the final “pan blue” of the Sun regime. Therefore, “pan blue” refers to the eastwardization of the Yangtze River.
The “Jiangdongization” of Sun’s regime indicates that Sun Quan ultimately established a foothold in Jiangdong, which laid the foundation for his future establishment of the “one in three” Soochow regime. The strong support of Zhou Yu and Zhang Zhao during Sun Quan’s initial succession can be said to have played a significant role in Sun Quan’s control of the situation. Among them, Zhou Yu also introduced an important figure to Sun Quan, who was also crucial to Sun Quan. Who is this person? What is the significance of his coming to Sun Quan?
那么我们明白了这样一个背景以后，我们就知道又一个人的意义了，这个人就是鲁肃。鲁肃是周瑜推荐的，周瑜去跟鲁肃说，当今之世，我们要选择一个好的老板，应该选孙权，如何如何，鲁肃就跟着周瑜到了孙权这里。这件事情意义非常重大，为什么呢？我们可以从四个方面来分析鲁肃的意义。
第一是身份。鲁肃是江西人，这一点他和淮泗军事集团有共同语言，都不是江东人。第二，鲁肃也是“宾旅寄寓之士”，就是他也是一个流亡的、依托于权贵的这样一个士人，他依托的是周瑜。所以，在这一点上，他和张昭这些人有共同语言。第三点呢，鲁肃是不喜欢袁术的。袁术原来要任命鲁肃做东城县的县长，鲁肃拒绝了，这才跑去依附周瑜。所以他在政治立场上，他是和袁术划清界限的，这一点他和江东士族又有共同语言。就是鲁肃是一个和三股政治力量都说得上话、都有共同语言的人，这是他的身份。
第二是他投奔孙权的时机。我们知道孙权接班的时候是非常地困难，而鲁肃此刻早就到了江东。我们要知道鲁肃到江东来跟谁来的？跟周瑜来的，但是他到了江东以后他不依附孙策，这一点很重要。就按说你是周瑜的人，你就应该跟着周瑜去帮孙策嘛，他不去。有一条史料说鲁肃和孙策见了面，但是这条史料靠不住，已经被历史学家考证过了，应该是没有见面。孙策去世以后，鲁肃不打算投奔孙权，他打算投奔谁呢？他打算投奔一个叫郑宝的人，这个郑宝是什么人呢？不知道，没传的，可见他不怎么样，不是什么人物。那鲁肃宁肯去投奔郑宝也不投奔孙权，说明当时流亡北士或者“宾旅寄寓之士”这些人不看好孙权，他们是犹豫观望态度，不急于表态，当然也没有反对，不像江东士族那样反孙权，是个中间力量。但是这个时候鲁肃一下子站到孙权这儿来了，这是一个信号啊。俗话说来得早不如来得巧，鲁肃就叫做来得巧。而且来了以后跟孙权大谈什么呢？“建号帝王以图天下”，跟孙权谈起做皇帝的事情来了，这个支持力度是相当可观的。这是时机。
After we understand this background, we will know the meaning of another person, namely Lu Su. Lu Su was recommended by Zhou Yu. Zhou Yu went to tell Lu Su that in today’s world, we need to choose a good boss and should choose Sun Quan. However, Lu Su followed Zhou Yu to Sun Quan. This matter is of great significance, why? We can analyze the significance of Lu Su from four aspects.
The first is identity. Lu Su is a native of Jiangxi, and he and the Huaisi military group have a common language on this point. Neither of them is from Jiangdong. Secondly, Lu Su was also a “guest traveler”, a scholar who was also in exile and depended on powerful people. He relied on Zhou Yu. Therefore, on this point, he and Zhang Zhao share a common language. Third, Lu Su didn’t like Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu originally wanted to appoint Lu Su as the county magistrate of Dongcheng County, but Lu Su refused, so he ran to rely on Zhou Yu. Therefore, in his political position, he drew a clear line with Yuan Shu, which he shared with the Jiangdong gentry. Lu Su is a person who can speak with all three political forces and share a common language. This is his identity.
The second is the timing of his defection to Sun Quan. “We know that it was very difficult for Sun Quan to take over, and Lu Su had already arrived in Jiangdong by now.”. We need to know who Lu Su came to Jiangdong with? “I came with Zhou Yu, but after he arrived in Jiangdong, he did not rely on Sun Ce, which is very important.”. “You’re supposed to be Zhou Yu’s person, so you should follow Zhou Yu to help Sun Ce. He won’t go.”. There is a piece of historical material that says that Lu Su and Sun Ce met, but this piece of historical material is unreliable and has been verified by historians. It should be that they did not meet. After Sun Ce’s death, Lu Su did not intend to defecte to Sun Quan. Who did he intend to defecte to? He plans to defecte to a person named Zheng Bao. Who is this Zheng Bao? “I don’t know, I didn’t pass it on. It can be seen that he’s not very good, not a character.”. “Lu Su preferred to go to Zheng Bao rather than Sun Quan, indicating that those who were exiled from the North or” guests and travelers “at that time were not optimistic about Sun Quan. They were hesitant to wait and see, not eager to express their views, and of course they did not object. Unlike the Jiangdong gentry, who opposed Sun Quan, they were an intermediary force.”. But at this moment, Lu Su suddenly came to Sun Quan, which was a signal. As the saying goes, it is better to come early than to come skillfully. Lu Su called it “come skillfully”. And what will you talk to Sun Quan about when you come? “Build a number of emperors to map the world.” I talked to Sun Quan about being an emperor, and the support is considerable. This is the time.
