第三个是途径。一般地说，“宾旅寄寓之士”进入孙权政权也是靠“宾旅寄寓之士”来介绍推荐，比方说严畯就是张昭介绍的。而鲁肃这个第二政治势力的黄色人物，是那个红色人物推荐的，这也特别。而且鲁肃进入孙权幕府以后担任的职务是什么呢？武职。开始还是做宾客了，就当了一段时间的宾客，后来出任武职。我们知道孙氏政权一般就是说，武以周瑜为首，以淮泗将领为主；文以张昭为首，以流亡北士为主，基本上是这样一个系统。鲁肃是一个中间人物。这就打破了孙氏政权的格局，表现出一种前两股政治势力合流的趋势，所以这个意义是很大的。
＊通过易中天先生的分析我们知道，鲁肃投奔孙权，并最终担任武职，不仅表现出淮泗将领和流亡北士这两股政治势力的合流；而且更进一步来看，既然流亡北士可以进入以淮泗将领为主的军事系统，那么，江东士族将来岂不是也可以吗？这就使孙氏政权的三股政治势力——淮泗将领、流亡北士、江东士族有了合流的趋势。所以易中天先生认为，鲁肃投奔孙权并最终出任武职，这件事情意义非常重大。那么鲁肃之后，接替鲁肃军职的是吕蒙，吕蒙是谁？他出任这个职务又有着什么意义呢？
我们知道了鲁肃的意义以后，我们就知道了吕蒙的意义。我们知道孙氏政权的军事将领当中，最重要的是上游统帅，所谓上游统帅就是把守长江上游的。那么孙氏政权的上游统帅是哪些人呢？第一个是周瑜，第一任，周瑜去世以后是鲁肃，鲁肃去世以后是吕蒙，吕蒙去世以后是陆逊，被称为东吴四英将，四大英将，也是四任统帅。那么这个第三任吕蒙又怎么有意义呢？我们也来看他的身份。第一，吕蒙不是江东人，他是汝南富邳人，不是江东的。这一点和江东士族不一样。第二呢，这个人没什么文化，叫“少不修书”，从小不学习的，所以他也不是什么士人，他不是流亡北士。这一点和张昭他们不一样。第三点呢，他虽然很早就参加了孙策的部队，但是职位很低，开始大概就是一个勤务兵，这叫做“引置左右”，跟在旁边的，也就是一勤务员；后来当了一个别部司马，就是当了一个杂牌军的小头目。这个和淮泗将领他们也不一样。所以如果说鲁肃是和三股政治力量都说得上话，那么吕蒙就是和三股政治力量都沾不上边。
The third is the path. Generally speaking, the introduction and recommendation of “guests and guests who reside in the Sun Quan regime” is also based on the introduction and recommendation of “guests and guests who reside in the Sun Quan regime”. For example, Yan Ming was introduced by Zhang Zhao. And Lu Su, the yellow figure of the second political force, was recommended by the red figure, which is also special. And what was Lu Su’s post after entering the Sun Quan shogunate? Military position. At first, I was still a guest, and then I became a guest for a period of time. Later, I took up the military position. We know that the Sun regime generally means that the military is led by Zhou Yu and dominated by Huaisi generals; The article, headed by Zhang Zhao and mainly composed of exiled Beishi, is basically such a system. Lu Su is an intermediate figure. This has broken the pattern of the Sun regime and demonstrated a trend of convergence between the first two political forces, so this significance is significant.
Through Mr. Yi Zhongtian’s analysis, we know that Lu Su’s defection to Sun Quan and his eventual assumption of the military position not only showed the confluence of two political forces, the Huaisi General and the exiled Beishi; Further, since exiled Beishi could enter the military system dominated by Huaisi generals, wouldn’t the Jiangdong gentry also be able to do so in the future? This made the three political forces of the Sun regime – the Huaisi generals, the exiled Beishi, and the Jiangdong gentry – tend to merge. Therefore, Mr. Yi Zhongtian believes that Lu Su’s defection to Sun Quan and eventual assumption of the military position is of great significance. After Lu Su, Lv Meng took over from Lu Su in the army. Who was Lv Meng? What is the significance of his assuming this position?
After we learned the meaning of Lu Su, we learned the meaning of Lu Meng. We know that among the military generals of the Sun regime, the most important one is the upstream commander, who guards the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. So who are the upper commanders of the Sun regime? The first was Zhou Yu, the first. After Zhou Yu’s death, he was Lu Su, after Lu Su’s death, he was Lu Meng, and after Lu Meng’s death, he was Lu Xun. He was known as the Four British Generals of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, the Four Great British Generals, and also the Four Commanders in Chief. So how does this third term Lv Meng make sense? Let’s also look at his identity. First, Lv Meng is not from Jiangdong, he is from Fupi in Runan, not from Jiangdong. This is different from the Jiangdong gentry. Secondly, this person has no culture and is called “Shaobu Shushu”. He did not learn from childhood, so he is not a scholar either. He is not an exiled scholar from the North. This is different from Zhang Zhao and them. The third point is that although he joined Sun Ce’s army very early, his position was very low, and he was probably an orderly at the beginning, which is called “guiding the left and right”. The person who followed him was also an orderly; Later, when he became a division commander, he became a small leader of a mixed army. This is different from the Huaisi generals. Therefore, if Lu Su is comparable to all three political forces, then Lu Meng is irrelevant to all three political forces.
因此，我们如果说三股政治力量是红、黄、蓝三种颜色的话，那么鲁肃和吕蒙就是灰色的，或者说他具有灰的色调。因为一个是都有关系，一个是沾不上边。孙权需要这样的一个灰色。为什么呢？他在前期，他需要由灰色把他政治地图上的红、黄、蓝三种颜色调和起来。因为灰色是可以跟任何色彩搭配的，你们会穿衣服的都知道，灰色好搭配。后期呢，他需要一个颜色实现他政治地图的“泛蓝”，那么鲁肃和吕蒙刚好就起到了这样的作用。所以我们看一看孙氏政权长江上游四大统帅的这样一个任职的秩序，就可以证明田余庆先生的观点是正确的，就是孙氏建国的道路就是江东化的道路。由一个外来的、依靠军事力量建立起的政权，逐步地过渡到依靠本地世家大族力量建立的政权，这就是孙权建国的道路。
当然，这只是我们事后的分析，我们回过头来看这段历史我们觉得是这样的；而在当时呢？在当时也许只不过是一次风云际会，也不过是一次双向选择。我们来看一看周瑜劝说鲁肃的时候是怎么讲的：周瑜说，现在天下大乱，群雄并起，这是“烈士攀龙附凤驰骛之秋”。也就是说，这样一个乱世是我们男子汉大丈夫建功立业、干一番事业的最好时候，在这个时候我们应该怎么办呢？周瑜引用了马援答汉光武帝的一段话，叫做：“当今之世，非但君择臣，臣亦择君。”就是在这样一个动乱的年代，不但君在挑选人才、挑选臣，我们作为人才、作为臣，我们也可以给自己选一个老板，那么多老板嘛。而在周瑜看来，孙权是值得选择的，周瑜认为他和鲁肃跟着孙权是能成就一番大事业的。那么孙权为什么又值得选择呢？请看下集——坐断东南。
Therefore, if we say that the three political forces are red, yellow, and blue, then Lu Su and Lu Meng are gray, or have a gray hue. “Because both are related, the other is irrelevant.”. Sun Quan needs such a gray color. Why? In his early days, he needed to mix the red, yellow, and blue colors on his political map with gray. Because gray can be paired with any color, as you all know when wearing clothes, gray is easy to match. In the later stage, he needed a color to achieve the “pan blue” of his political map, so Lu Su and Lv Meng just played such a role. Therefore, if we take a look at the order of the four commanders in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River under the Sun regime, we can prove that Mr. Tian Yuqing’s view is correct, that the path of the Sun’s founding of the country is the path of Jiangdongization. The path of Sun Quan’s founding a nation is to gradually transition from a foreign political power established by military forces to a political power established by local aristocratic families.
Of course, this is only our ex post analysis. Looking back at this period of history, we feel that this is the case; And at that time? At that time, it may have been just a chance, but also a two-way choice. Let’s take a look at what Zhou Yu said when he persuaded Lu Su: Zhou Yu said that now there is great chaos in the world, and all the heroes are rising together. This is the “autumn when martyrs climb the dragon and attract the phoenix.”. In other words, in such a troubled world, it is the best time for us men and men to make contributions and do something. What should we do at this time? Zhou Yu quoted a quote from Ma Yuan in response to Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, saying, “In today’s world, not only do you choose ministers, but also ministers choose you.” It is in such a turbulent era that not only do you choose talents and ministers, but we can also choose a boss for ourselves as talents and ministers. There are so many bosses. In Zhou Yu’s opinion, Sun Quan is worth choosing, and Zhou Yu believes that he and Lu Su can achieve a great cause by following Sun Quan. So why is Sun Quan worth choosing? Please watch the next episode – Sitting Down Southeast.
