但是这个事情其实还要复杂一点，据说当时刘备还给孙权写了信，陈述了不能攻打蜀地的两个原因。第一个原因是蜀这个地方它是个盆地，易受难攻，就是孙武现在在世恐怕也攻不下来，这是第一点。第二点，曹操大敌当前，我们应该和刘璋联合起来对付曹操，而不应该是攻打刘璋，提出了这两条理由。孙权不听他的，孙权派孙瑜率领军队，做出了一个要进攻蜀地的态势。这个时候刘备就写信给孙权，说：孙将军啊，现在是天下大乱，奸臣窃命，曹操那个贼在颠覆我们大汉王朝，这个时候我们这些人应该团结起来啊。刘璋和我刘备都是刘氏宗室，刘家的宗室，我们亲如手足，我们是一家人，现在刘璋他不小心得罪了你孙将军，我刘备来道个歉行不行？如果孙将军一定要打刘璋，我刘备没有办法，只好披头散发到山林里面去做隐士了，荆州牧我不做了。与此同时，刘备命令关羽、张飞、诸葛亮，还有自己，各带一支部队，把守在长江的要害地段。那么孙权一看就明白了，这是打不过去了，就把孙瑜又叫回去了。那么孙瑜被孙权叫过去了以后，刘备自己进去了，刘备自己最后入蜀了。所以后来孙权得到这个消息，气得咬牙切齿地骂：刘备你这个滑头，你竟敢使用诈术！
However, this matter is actually a bit more complicated. It is said that Liu Bei wrote a letter to Sun Quan at that time, stating two reasons why he could not attack Shu. The first reason is that Shu is a basin that is vulnerable to attack. Even if Sun Wu is still alive, he may not be able to attack it. This is the first point. The second point is that Cao Cao is a big enemy. We should unite with Liu Zhang to deal with Cao Cao, rather than attack Liu Zhang. These two reasons are proposed. Sun Quan did not listen to him. Sun Quan sent Sun Yu to lead the army and made a gesture of attacking Shu. At this moment, Liu Bei wrote a letter to Sun Quan, saying, “General Sun, now there is great chaos in the world, treacherous ministers steal lives, and the thief Cao Cao is subverting our Han Dynasty. At this time, we people should unite.”. Liu Zhang and I, Liu Bei, are both members of the Liu clan. We are close as brothers and sisters, and we are one family. Now that Liu Zhang accidentally offended your General Sun, can I apologize to Liu Bei? If General Sun is determined to attack Liu Zhang, I, Liu Bei, have no choice but to spread my hair around and become a hermit in the mountains and forests. I won’t do it anymore. At the same time, Liu Bei ordered Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhuge Liang, and himself to each bring a unit to guard the crucial sections of the Yangtze River. So Sun Quan understood at a glance that he couldn’t fight anymore, so he called Sun Yu back. After Sun Yu was called over by Sun Quan, Liu Bei went in on his own, and Liu Bei himself finally entered Shu. So when Sun Quan got the news later, he gritted his teeth in anger and scolded, “Liu Bei, you slippery bastard, how dare you use fraud!”!
＊因为刘备的阻挠，孙权只能暂时放弃图谋益州的打算。但孙权放弃后，刘备却趁机独吞了益州，孙权因此气的大骂刘备滑头。那么，我们回头来看，刘备究竟是怎样独吞益州的呢？益州的州牧刘璋会将自己的地盘拱手相让吗？
＊易中天先生认为，刘备能够成功夺取益州，原因之一就是同样有野心的孙权在具体行动中面临很多困难，不得不放弃，这样，刘备就占得了先机。但刘备想要独吞益州，还要面对益州的州牧刘璋的抵抗。我们知道，这个时候的刘备实力并不强，他为什么还能成功夺取益州呢？
Due to Liu Bei’s obstruction, Sun Quan could only temporarily give up his plan to plot for Yizhou. However, after Sun Quan gave up, Liu Bei took the opportunity to monopolize Yizhou, and Sun Quan angrily scolded Liu Bei for being slippery. So, let’s look back and see how Liu Bei managed to monopolize Yizhou? Will Liu Zhang, the herdsman of Yizhou, surrender his territory to each other?
Mr. Yi Zhongtian believes that one of the reasons why Liu Bei was able to successfully capture Yizhou was that Sun Quan, who was also ambitious, faced many difficulties in specific actions and had to give up. In this way, Liu Bei had an advantage. However, if Liu Bei wanted to monopolize Yizhou, he still had to face the resistance of Liu Zhang, the herdsman of Yizhou. We know that Liu Bei’s strength is not strong at this time, why can he still successfully capture Yizhou?
第二个原因，刘璋窝囊。刘璋是刘焉的儿子，刘焉是最早来做益州牧的，后来传位给他的儿子刘璋。刘璋这个人跟刘表比较相像，就是胸无大志，欲守不能，他的心思就是守住这一亩三分地，老婆孩子热炕头。但他守不住啊，守不住而且也很担忧自己守不住，这样到了建安十六年的时候，曹操就让钟繇去讨伐张鲁。
＊曹操讨伐张鲁，实际的目的是要逼反关中的马超和韩遂，将马超和韩遂逼反后，曹操就可以名正言顺地出兵荡平关中。但出兵之前，曹操放出的风声是讨伐张鲁，而张鲁的驻地紧临益州，曹操一宣布打张鲁，益州的刘璋就紧张了。
The second reason is Liu Zhang’s weakness. Liu Zhang is the son of Liu Yan, who first came to work as a herdsman in Yizhou, and later passed on the throne to his son Liu Zhang. Liu Zhang is similar to Liu Biao in that he has no ambition and is unable to defend himself. His mind is to defend this one acre of land, and his wife and children are hot on the kang. “But he couldn’t hold it, he couldn’t hold it, and he was very worried that he couldn’t hold it. In the 16th year of Jian’an, Cao Cao sent Zhong You to crusade against Zhang Lu.”.
“The actual purpose of Cao Cao’s crusade against Zhang Lu was to force Ma Chao and Han Sui to rebel against Guan Zhong. After pushing Ma Chao and Han Sui back, Cao Cao could literally send troops to wipe out Guan Zhong.”. Before sending out the troops, however, Cao Cao’s rumor was that he was attacking Zhang Lu, who was stationed close to Yizhou. As soon as Cao Cao announced that he would attack Zhang Lu, Liu Zhang in Yizhou became nervous.
刘璋一紧张，他手下有一个叫张松的就跑去跟刘璋说：将军啊，不得了了，曹公要打汉中。张鲁我们知道他哪是曹公的对手啊，曹公一旦拿下了汉中，我们怎么办啊？请问将军我们如何抵抗啊？刘璋说：是啊，你看这个事我就正发愁嘛，为之奈何？张松说：好办好办，请刘豫州来帮忙啊，刘豫州和将军你是一家子，和他曹操是死对头，如果刘豫州能够进入汉中取代张鲁，替我们挡住这个门户，不就安全了吗！刘璋认为有道理，于是派法正率兵四千去迎接刘备。张松这个主意，吃里扒外，明摆着就是要引狼入室，何况就算不是引狼入室，你请神容易送神难，你把刘备请来了，你还能把他送出去吗？你还送得出去吗？所以这个消息一传出去以后，蜀中的一些重臣都表示反对，当时强烈表示反对的有一个叫做黄权，黄权就去跟刘璋说：“左将军素有骁名”，左将军就是刘备了，刘备这个人历来就有天下枭雄的名声，他来了以后请问将军你如何对待呢？你如果把他当作下属，当作部下来对待，他干吗？他怎么肯做你的部下？如果你把他当作客人来对待，和他平起平坐，一国不容二君，你怎么处理？结果是“客有泰山之安，主有累卵之危”啊，他安全了我们就危险了。这是黄权的意见，对于刘璋来说无疑是正确的，那么刘璋为什么不听呢？是刘璋糊涂吗？
As soon as Liu Zhang became nervous, one of his subordinates, Zhang Song, ran to Liu Zhang and said, “General, it’s too late, Duke Cao is going to fight Hanzhong.”. Zhang Lu, we know where he is the opponent of Cao Gong. Once Cao Gong wins Hanzhong, what should we do? How can we resist, General? Liu Zhang said, “Yes, you see, I’m worried about this. What can I do about it?”? Zhang Song said, “It’s easy to handle. Please ask Liu Yuzhou to help. Liu Yuzhou and General are family members, and Cao Cao are sworn enemies. If Liu Yuzhou can enter Hanzhong to replace Zhang Lu and block this door for us, wouldn’t it be safe?”! Liu Zhang thought it was reasonable, so he sent Fazheng to greet Liu Bei with 4000 troops. Zhang Song’s idea of eating from the inside to stealing from the outside is ostensibly to lead wolves into the room. Moreover, even if it is not, it is easier to invite God than God. If you invite Liu Bei, can you still send him out? Can you still deliver it? So as soon as the news spread, some important officials in Shu expressed opposition. At that time, one who strongly expressed opposition was called Huang Quan. Huang Quan went to Liu Zhang and said, “General Zuo has a reputation for bravery,” and General Zuo is Liu Bei. Liu Bei has always had a reputation as a leader in the world. After he arrived, how would you treat General Huang Quan? “? If you treat him as a subordinate and a subordinate, why should he? How could he be your subordinate? If you treat him as a guest and treat him on an equal footing, one country cannot tolerate two monarchs, what will you do? The result is that “guests have the safety of Mount Taishan Mountain, while the Lord has the danger of exhaustion”. If he is safe, we will be in danger. This is Huang Quan’s opinion, which is undoubtedly correct for Liu Zhang, so why didn’t Liu Zhang listen? Is Liu Zhang confused?
