那么刘备他去了吗？没有。这就要讲到刘备终于得到益州的第三个原因，就是刘备厉害。当时刘璋和刘备在涪城相会的时候，庞统、张松和法正就跟刘备说：刘璋跟将军要有一次宴会，将军就在宴会上干了他！刘备说那不行，他说我们刚来，还没有得到人心，这个不合适。所以刘备的做法是什么呢？从涪城出发，走到葭萌，葭萌在什么地方呢？就是在涪城和张鲁的阳平之间，在那个地方他就停下来了，不走了，干什么呢？广树恩德，收买人心，等待机会。
So did Liu Bei go? No, This brings me to the third reason why Liu Bei finally got Yizhou, which is that Liu Bei is powerful. When Liu Zhang and Liu Bei met in Fucheng, Pang Tong, Zhang Song, and Fazheng told Liu Bei, “Liu Zhang and the general are going to have a banquet, and the general killed him at the banquet!”! “Liu Bei said that’s not possible. He said that we just arrived and haven’t won the hearts of the people yet. This is not suitable.”. So what is Liu Bei’s approach? Starting from Fucheng and walking to Jiameng, where is Jiameng? Just between Fucheng and Yangping in Zhanglu, where he stopped and didn’t leave, why? Broadly cultivate kindness, buy people’s hearts, and wait for opportunities.
机会说来就来，建安十七年曹操征孙权，于是孙权就写信给刘备求援，我们两家不是联盟吗，曹操现在要打我了。刘备拿到这个消息以后马上去找刘璋，写信说张鲁是一个成不了气候的，不要太重视；孙权跟我亲如手足啊，我们唇齿相依，唇亡齿寒，现在我得去救援孙权，请刘璋将军再给我一万人，再给我多少多少武器装备。这个时候刘璋怎么样呢？刘璋已经起疑了，说这个刘备去打张鲁的，怎么走到葭萌就不走了，还就在那儿收买人心？那不行，你要一万人我不能给，给五千，减半，这个叫做“刘璋狐疑”。第二件事情是什么呢？“张松猴急”，张松不知道刘备这个时候要干什么，赶快写封信给刘备说：哎呀，你怎么能够现在回荆州去呢？你怎么去救孙权呢？现在大事马上就要成功了。这封信被张松的哥哥张树举报，刘璋就把张松给杀了。那么刘璋的狐疑和张松的猴急就给了刘备一个借口，于是刘备开誓师大会，控诉刘璋，说这刘璋啊，你看看，多么多么坏，这样的人留着干什么？而且杀掉了刘璋在白水关的守将，调过头来攻打涪城。
“Opportunity comes when it comes. In the seventeenth year of Jian’an, Cao Cao attacked Sun Quan, so Sun Quan wrote to Liu Bei to ask for help. Aren’t our two families an alliance? Cao Cao is going to hit me now.”. After Liu Bei received this news, he immediately went to find Liu Zhang and wrote a letter saying that Zhang Lu is a climate that cannot be achieved, so don’t take it too seriously; Sun Quan and I are close as brothers and sisters. Our lips and teeth are interdependent, and our lips and teeth are cold. Now I have to go to rescue Sun Quan. Please ask General Liu Zhang to give me another 10000 people and how many weapons and equipment. What about Liu Zhang at this time? Liu Zhang has already raised doubts and said that Liu Bei went to fight Zhang Lu. How could he stop at Jiameng and still bribe people there? “That’s no good. If you want 10000 people, I can’t give them. Give them 5000 and halve them. This is called” Liu Zhang Hu Yi. “”. What’s the second thing? “Zhang Song is in a hurry.” Zhang Song doesn’t know what Liu Bei is going to do at this time. Quickly write a letter to Liu Bei and say, ‘Oh, how can you go back to Jingzhou now?’? How can you save Sun Quan? Now the big event is about to succeed. This letter was reported by Zhang Song’s brother, Zhang Shu, and Liu Zhang killed Zhang Song. “Then Liu Zhang’s suspicion and Zhang Song’s impatience gave Liu Bei an excuse. So Liu Bei held a vow meeting to accuse Liu Zhang, saying, ‘This Liu Zhang, look at how bad he is. Why do you keep such a person?'”? Moreover, he killed Liu Zhang’s garrison general at Baishuiguan and turned his head to attack Fucheng.
＊刘璋因为打错了算盘，主动邀请刘备带兵入蜀，结果是引狼入室，搬起石头砸自己的脚。进入蜀地的刘备突然反戈一击，毫无准备的刘璋被迫自食其果，眼睁睁地看着自己的地盘一点点丢失，刘备的大军长驱直入。在一路败退的情况下，刘璋怎么办呢？
到了建安十九年，刘备下令，诸葛亮、张飞、赵云率军入蜀和刘备会师，围攻成都，关羽留在荆州继续守荆州。这下刘备力量更强了是不是？更有意思的是这一年马超也来投奔刘备，这样好，刘备、诸葛亮、张飞、赵云、马超这么多人围住成都，成都实在是守不下去了。这时候刘备就派人劝刘璋投降，刘璋叹了一口气说：唉，我父子二人在蜀在益州二十多年，对人民一点儿恩德都没有，没有给我们的人民带来一点好处，如果为了我个人的面子还让蜀郡的人民受战乱之苦，于心不忍，我投降。于是刘璋开门投降。
“Due to a miscalculation, Liu Zhang took the initiative to invite Liu Bei to lead troops into Sichuan, but in the end, he led wolves into the house and lifted a stone to hit his own foot.”. Liu Bei suddenly counterattacked when he entered Shu. Liu Zhang, unprepared, was forced to suffer the consequences of his own actions, watching his territory gradually lose, and Liu Bei’s army marched in. What did Liu Zhang do when he was losing all the way?
In the 19th year of Jian’an, Liu Bei ordered Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun to lead their troops into Shu and join Liu Bei to besiege Chengdu. Guan Yu remained in Jingzhou and continued to defend Jingzhou. Now Liu Bei is stronger, isn’t he? What’s more interesting is that Ma Chao also came to join Liu Bei this year. So good, with so many people surrounding Chengdu, such as Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and Ma Chao, Chengdu really can’t keep up. At this time, Liu Bei sent someone to persuade Liu Zhang to surrender. Liu Zhang sighed and said, “Alas, my father and son have been in Yizhou for more than 20 years in Shu, and they have not shown any kindness to the people. They have not brought any benefits to our people. If for my own sake, the people of Shu County still suffer from the war and chaos, and I cannot bear it, I surrender.”. So Liu Zhang opened the door and surrendered.
这个事情呢，如何评价，这个也有不同的意见，但是我比较倾向于赞成张作耀先生在《刘备传》里的看法，就是刘备夺取益州，夺取蜀郡的这一整套做法从道德上是无可恭维，但是从当时的情势来讲也无可指责。刘璋蒙辱投降，避免了蜀地人民的苦难，还是应该肯定，我们可以说他懦弱无能，但是不能说他骨头不硬，不要讥笑他。
这里面有两个事件我们可以补充来说明以便大家理解。一个就是刘备攻下涪城的时候，曾经大宴诸将，兴高采烈，喝酒作乐，然后跟庞统说：你看，今天快乐吧！庞统说：哎呀，人家请你来做客，你把人家地盘夺了，有什么好快乐的？刘备说：什么话？武王伐纣，前歌后舞，难道也不仁吗？出去！然后庞统就出去了。过了一会儿刘备想想又不对，又把庞统请回来，请回来以后庞统一屁股坐下来照吃照喝，也不道歉也不谢罪，什么事儿都没有。于是刘备就说：哎，刚才我们两个人的那个争论，谁不对啊？庞统回答说：都不对。刘备哈哈大笑，照吃照喝，这是一件事。
There are also different opinions on how to evaluate this matter, but I am more inclined to agree with Mr. Zhang Zuoyao’s view in the “Biography of Liu Bei” that the whole set of practices of Liu Bei’s capture of Yizhou and Shu Prefecture is morally irredeemable, but in terms of the situation at that time, it is also irredeemable. “Liu Zhang was humiliated and surrendered, avoiding the suffering of the people of Shu. It should still be affirmed that we can say he was weak and incompetent, but we cannot say he was not tough. Don’t laugh at him.”.
There are two events that we can add to explain for your understanding. One is that when Liu Bei captured Fucheng, he once feasted with all the generals in high spirits, drank and had fun, and then said to Pang Tong, “Look, happy today!”! Pang Tong said, “Oh, why are you so happy when someone invited you as a guest and you took away their territory?”? Liu Bei said, “What words?”? King Wu, who defeated Zhou and sang before and danced after, was not benevolent? get out! Then Pang Tong went out. After a while, Liu Bei thought it was wrong and invited Pang Tong back. When he came back, Pang Tong sat down and ate as he liked, without apologizing or apologizing. There was nothing wrong. So Liu Bei said, “Hey, who was wrong with the argument between the two of us just now?”? Pang Tong replied, “None of them is right.”. Liu Bei laughed and drank as he ate, which was one thing.
第二件事就是刘备向成都进攻的时候，有人提出一个建议，要刘璋坚壁清野，把所有的粮食或者地里还没有长的庄稼都烧了，不给刘备留一点东西。刘璋没有接受，刘璋说：我只听说过作为一个地方官，应该保境安民，没听说过要让人民来承担这样责任的。结果一路上的粮食，包括地里长的庄稼，都成了刘备的军需物资，刘璋在刘备攻打他的时候做了一回后勤部长。那么这两件事情补充给大家，大家可以去想一想，我们对于刘备夺蜀这件事情应该怎么理解。
刘备夺蜀成功的第四个原因，是曹操失误。因为刘备夺蜀花了三年功夫，三年期间曹操对刘备居然没有任何动作，他的心思都在别的地方在忙别的事情，而且还在这个期间打了一次孙权，结果是曹孙鹬蚌相争，刘备渔翁得利。所以我说刘备的入蜀是乘虚而入，这个“虚”包括两个方面，一个是刘璋的懦弱，他的虚，还有一个是整个三国的战场上，这儿是一个空挡，所以是乘虚而入。但是除了这些客观原因以外，刘备的这个成功也有他的原因。
那么刘备拿下益州以后，孙权就坐不住了，于是孙权就派人去找刘备，说益州你都拿下来了，我借给你的荆州该还给我了吧！那么这番话里面也是有问题的，什么问题呢？第一，刘备向孙权借荆州了吗？第二，刘备占有的荆州的那些地方是借来的吗？第三，如果刘备确实是向孙权借荆州，孙权为什么会借给他？第四，孙权讨还荆州，他讨得回来吗？请看下集——蜜月阴谋。
The second thing was that when Liu Bei attacked Chengdu, someone proposed that Liu Zhang strengthen the walls and clear the fields, burn all the grain or crops that had not yet grown in the field, and leave nothing for Liu Bei. Liu Zhang didn’t accept it, but Liu Zhang said, “I’ve only heard that as a local official, you should protect the territory and the people. I haven’t heard of letting the people shoulder such responsibilities.”. As a result, the grain along the way, including the crops growing in the field, became Liu Bei’s military supplies. Liu Zhang served as a logistics minister once when Liu Bei attacked him. Let me add these two things to you. You can think about our understanding of Liu Bei’s capture of Shu.
The fourth reason for Liu Bei’s success in capturing Shu was Cao Cao’s mistake. “Because it took Liu Bei three years to capture Shu, Cao Cao actually didn’t do anything to Liu Bei during the three years. His mind was busy with other things elsewhere, and he also played Sun Quan once during this period. As a result, Cao and Sun fought against each other, and Liu Bei made a profit.”. Therefore, I say that Liu Bei’s entry into Shu was to take advantage of a gap, and this “gap” includes two aspects: Liu Zhang’s cowardice, his weakness, and the battlefield of the entire Three Kingdoms. Here is a gap, so it is to take advantage of the gap and enter. But in addition to these objective reasons, there are also reasons for Liu Bei’s success.
After Liu Bei took Yizhou, Sun Quan couldn’t sit still. So Sun Quan sent someone to find Liu Bei and said, “You’ve taken all of Yizhou, so I should give back the Jingzhou I lent you!”! So there are also problems in this statement. What are the problems? First, did Liu Bei borrow Jingzhou from Sun Quan? Secondly, were the places in Jingzhou occupied by Liu Bei borrowed? Third, if Liu Bei indeed borrowed Jingzhou from Sun Quan, why would Sun Quan lend it to him? Fourth, Sun Quan asked for Jingzhou back. Can he get it back? Please watch the next episode – The Honeymoon Plot.
