＊史书记载，刘璋生性柔弱，为人宽厚仁慈，缺乏谋略。但在东汉末年的乱世中，能作为一个地方的最高长官，刘璋也不至于糊涂到公然引狼入室的地步，那么他为什么要派兵迎接刘备入蜀？
原因就在于刘璋另有打算。据史料记载，当时张松去说服刘璋的时候还说了这么一番话，他说：现在我们这个地方不安静，也不安全，手下的很多将领都一个是居功自傲，第二个有谋反的动机，这个时候如果曹操拿下了汉中，来攻打我们蜀郡，那么敌攻其外、民攻其内，一定是敌人在外面打，我们里面造反，那个时候就不好办了。这句话说到了刘璋的心病，因为刘璋他这个政权是他父亲刘焉建立的，刘焉建立的这个政权它是一个外来政权，它依靠的是刘焉从外面带进来的以及从外面流浪进来的、避难进来的那样一批人，形成了一个集团叫做东州集团。这个东州集团和土著的，也就是蜀郡土生土长的那些益州人，是有矛盾的，那些人也形成了一个集团叫做益州集团。现在是外来的东州集团在统治着土著的、土生土长的、本地的益州集团，这个矛盾是很激烈的。刘焉在世的时候就镇压了一次，刘璋继位以后又镇压了一次，但是按下葫芦起了瓢，这些人是口服心不服，刘璋最怕的就是这个。所以吕思勉先生说：“事实所患者，实在蜀中诸将。”就是这个时候刘璋最害怕的不是外面的人，是家里的人。那么他就打了一个如意算盘：他说我要把刘备请来，请来以后我并不让他进蜀郡，我是让他去打汉中，去打张鲁；打下张鲁以后汉中这块地方我就送给刘备，反正这个汉中也不是我的，给谁不是给；刘备在那个地方，北边他给我挡住曹操，南边他帮我看住蜀中诸将，因为蜀中诸将都知道又来了一个姓刘的，我们姓刘的都是一家子；虽然我们益州这么大，名义上我还是益州牧，刘备在汉中他可以独立自主，我们可以相安无事，不存在一国不容二君的这样一个问题，反而可以形成一个唇齿相依的关系，不是很好吗？所以，刘璋其实是打了一个如意算盘。
According to historical records, Liu Zhang was born weak, lenient and benevolent, lacking in strategy. However, in the turbulent times of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Zhang, as the supreme governor of a region, was not so confused as to openly lead wolves into the house. So why did he send troops to welcome Liu Bei into Shu?
The reason is that Liu Zhang had other plans. According to historical records, when Zhang Song went to persuade Liu Zhang, he also said something like this: “Now our place is not quiet or safe, and many of our generals are proud of their achievements, while the second one has a motive for rebellion. At this time, if Cao Cao captured Hanzhong and attacked our Shu County, the enemy would attack the outside and the people would attack the inside. It must be the enemy fighting outside, and we would rebel inside.”, It was difficult to handle at that time. This sentence refers to Liu Zhang’s mental illness, because Liu Zhang’s regime was established by his father, Liu Yan. The regime established by Liu Yan is a foreign regime, relying on a group of people brought in by Liu Yan from outside, wandering in and taking refuge, forming a group called the Dongzhou Group. This Dongzhou Group is in conflict with the indigenous Yizhou people, who were born and bred in Shu County, and they have formed a group called the Yizhou Group. It is now the foreign Dongzhou Group that rules the indigenous, indigenous, and local Yizhou Group, and this contradiction is very intense. When Liu Yan was alive, he suppressed it once. After Liu Zhang ascended to the throne, he suppressed it once again, but when he pressed the gourd, it made the gourd tick. These people refused to accept it orally, and that was what Liu Zhang was most afraid of. Therefore, Mr. Lv Simian said, “The truth is that the patients are the generals in Shu.” It was at this time that Liu Zhang was most afraid of not the outside people, but the people at home. Then he made a good calculation: He said I would invite Liu Bei, and after that, I wouldn’t let him enter Shu County. Instead, I asked him to fight Hanzhong and Zhang Lu; After the defeat of Zhang Lu, I will give this place in Hanzhong to Liu Bei. Anyway, this Hanzhong is not mine, and whoever I give it to is not mine; Liu Bei was at that place, and in the north he helped me block Cao Cao, while in the south he helped me keep an eye on the generals in Shu, because all the generals in Shu knew that another Liu had arrived, and our Liu family members were all of the same family; Although we are so big in Yizhou, nominally I am still a herdsman in Yizhou. Liu Bei can be independent and independent in Hanzhong, and we can live in peace. There is no such problem as one country cannot tolerate two monarchs, but instead, we can form a relationship of mutual dependence. Isn’t it very good? Therefore, Liu Zhang actually made a good calculation.
但是可惜啊，刘备的算盘珠子不是由刘璋来拨动的，刘璋有刘璋的算盘，刘备有刘备的算盘。刘璋至少有两个没有想到，就是第一个没想到刘备不听指挥，第二个没想到劝他迎接刘备的两个人，张松和法正并不是他的忠臣，反倒是两个出卖他的人。
＊张松和法正为什么要投降刘备、出卖刘璋呢？原来张松看中的是刘备叫板曹操的勇气，因为在公元208年赤壁之战的时候，张松曾经受刘璋之命出使曹营希望表示友好，但张松却遭到了曹操的羞辱，张松从此恨曹操入骨，他投降刘备就是因为刘备的立场是反对曹操。而法正投降刘备则是因为他在刘璋手下得不到重用，心中郁郁寡欢，希望有发挥自己能力的舞台。
Unfortunately, Liu Bei’s abacus beads were not moved by Liu Zhang. Liu Zhang had Liu Zhang’s abacus, and Liu Bei had Liu Bei’s abacus. At least two things didn’t occur to Liu Zhang, namely, the first didn’t expect Liu Bei to disobey the command, and the second didn’t expect the two people who persuaded him to welcome Liu Bei. Zhang Song and Fazheng were not his loyal ministers, but rather two people who betrayed him.
Why did Zhang Song and Fazheng surrender to Liu Bei and betray Liu Zhang? It turned out that Zhang Song was interested in Liu Bei’s courage to challenge Cao Cao. During the Battle of Chibi in 208 AD, Zhang Song was ordered by Liu Zhang to send an envoy to Cao Ying to express friendship, but Zhang Song was humiliated by Cao Cao. Zhang Song henceforth hated Cao Cao to the bone, and he surrendered to Liu Bei because Liu Bei’s position was against Cao Cao. The reason why Fazheng surrendered to Liu Bei was that he could not be valued under Liu Zhang, and he was depressed and wanted to have a stage where he could exert his abilities.
法正和张松又是好朋友，两个人私下里一嘀咕：对，你看我们这个主人，刘璋又是个不中用的，刘备又是个英雄，我们干脆把益州卖给刘备吧！所以刘璋派法正将兵四千去迎刘备，这不但是引狼入室，而且是送货上门。那么法正一见到刘备当然先办公事，传达刘璋的意思，然后坐下来就开始讲：刘豫州还是趁机把这个蜀郡拿下吧！这时候法正对刘备说，他说：你看，将军你是一大英雄，我们那个呢，又是个不中用的，何况里面还有张松可以做内应，拿下蜀郡易如反掌啊。刘备没有接受，犹豫。这个时候庞统也来说相同的话，庞统也向刘备提出来趁机把蜀郡拿下的这样一个建议。因为庞统是自己人嘛，法正毕竟是人家的人，那么刘备就跟庞统说：哎呀，这个事情不好办啊。他说你知道的，现在天下和我视同水火的就是曹操，曹操是我的头号敌人。所以我做事，每件事情都是和曹操相反的，处处和曹操相反，曹操急切，我就宽和；曹操残暴，我就仁慈；曹操奸诈，我就忠厚，“每与操反，事乃可成耳。”我要处处和他相反，我的事情才做得成。但现在人家刘璋又是我们刘家的人，他请我去帮他看家护院，我趁机把他干掉了，这个事儿，不可以吧。
Fazheng and Zhang Song are good friends again. The two of them muttered privately, “Yes, look at our master. Liu Zhang is useless again, and Liu Bei is a hero again. Let’s simply sell Yizhou to Liu Bei!”! So Liu Zhang sent four thousand Fazheng soldiers to meet Liu Bei, which not only led the wolf into the house, but also delivered the goods to the door. As soon as Fa Zheng saw Liu Bei, of course, he would first handle official affairs and convey Liu Zhang’s meaning. Then he sat down and began to say, “Liu Yuzhou should seize the opportunity to take this Shu County!”! At this moment, Fa Zheng said to Liu Bei, “You see, General, you are a great hero, and our one is also useless. Besides, there is Zhang Song inside who can serve as an internal agent, so it’s easy to win Shu County.”. Liu Bei hesitated without accepting. At this time, Pang Tong also said the same thing. Pang Tong also proposed to Liu Bei to seize the opportunity to take down Shu County. Because Pang Tong is his own person, and Fa Zheng is someone else’s person after all, Liu Bei said to Pang Tong, “Oh, this matter is not easy to handle.”. He said, “You know, the one who treats me like water and fire in the world now is Cao Cao, who is my number one enemy.”. So when I do things, everything is the opposite of Cao Cao, and everywhere, I am the opposite of Cao Cao. When Cao Cao is eager, I am lenient; If Cao Cao is cruel, I will be merciful; “Cao Cao is treacherous, and I am loyal.” Every time I oppose him, things can be heard. “I need to be opposite to him everywhere, and my things can be done.”. But now that Liu Zhang is a member of our Liu family, he asked me to take care of his home and courtyard, and I took the opportunity to kill him. This matter is not allowed.
