事实上任何历史事件和历史人物，都有三种形象。一种是历史的本来面目，我们称之为历史形象，这是历史学家主张的样子，比方说《三国志》的记载。第二种是文学艺术作品当中的面目，我们称之为文学形象，这是文学家、艺术家主张的样子。还有一种，是一般老百姓主张的样子，我们称之为民间形象，比方说民间信仰中历史人物的形象，以及我们每个人心目中历史人物的形象。其实我们每个人心目中都有一个自己的历史人物的形象，因此一个历史剧，电视连续剧，或者电影拍出来以后，我们的观众会发表评论说某某演员演得不像，这个曹操不像，这个周瑜不像，这个林黛玉不像，这个贾宝玉不像。你怎么能说不像，你见过吗？可见每个人心目中都有一个形象，这个我们称之为民间形象。
In fact, any historical event or historical figure has three types of images. One is the true nature of history, which we call historical images. This is what historians advocate, such as the records in the Three Kingdoms Annals. The second type is the appearance of literary and artistic works, which we call literary images. This is what writers and artists advocate. There is another kind of image that is advocated by ordinary people. We call it folk image, such as the image of historical figures in folk beliefs, and the image of historical figures in the minds of each of us. In fact, each of us has an image of our own historical character in our minds, so after a historical drama, TV series, or movie is made, our audience will comment that an actor does not perform well, that actor Cao Cao does not, that Zhou Yu does not, that Lin Daiyu does not, and that actor Jia Baoyu does not. How can you say it’s not like it? Have you ever seen it? It can be seen that everyone has an image in their mind, which we call a folk image.
这三种形象是有差距的，对于三国来说，形象最离谱的是诸葛亮。
There is a gap between these three images, and for the three kingdoms, the most outrageous image is Zhuge Liang.
＊一提起诸葛亮，人们就会想到空城计，而说起空城计，则展现出了人们对诸葛亮军事天赋的无比推崇。那么，诸葛亮的空城计究竟发生过没有？人们对诸葛亮的追捧是从什么时候开始的呢？易中天先生对诸葛亮的历史形象又有着怎样独辟蹊径的品评呢？
“When Zhuge Liang is mentioned, people will think of the empty city plan, and when it comes to the empty city plan, it shows the incomparable admiration for Zhuge Liang’s military talent.”. So, has Zhuge Liang’s empty city plan ever happened? When did people begin to pursue Zhuge Liang? What unique comments does Mr. Yi Zhongtian have on Zhuge Liang’s historical image?
诸葛亮这个人，至少从晋代开始就已经是很多人追捧的对象。当时有一个叫郭冲的人，郭冲这个人大概是诸葛亮的铁杆“粉丝”，觉得现在大家对诸葛亮的评价远远不够，于是写了一篇文章，叫做“条亮五事，隐没不闻于世者”，什么意思呢？就是说我这里还有五件事情是你们大家不知道的，第三件事情就是空城计。诸葛亮的空城计最早见于郭冲的这篇文章。
Zhuge Liang, at least since the Jin Dynasty, has been the object of many people’s pursuit. At that time, there was a person named Guo Chong, who was probably a diehard “fan” of Zhuge Liang. He felt that everyone’s evaluation of Zhuge Liang was far from enough now, so he wrote an article called “The Five Things about Zhuge Liang, Hidden in the World”. What does that mean? That is to say, there are still five things that you all don’t know about here, and the third thing is the empty city plan. Zhuge Liang’s empty city plan was first seen in Guo Chong’s article.
后来裴松之为《三国志》作注的时候引用了这个材料，并予以驳斥，说当时在阳平这个地方根本不可能发生这样一件事情。为什么呢？因为当时的司马懿官居荆州都督，驻扎在宛城，不在阳平战场，怎么可能有诸葛亮和司马懿的空城计呢？但是这个空城计的故事实在是太精彩了，所以文学作品是一说再说，戏剧作品也就一演再演，但是这个事情是不符合事实，也不符合逻辑的。我们简单地说一下这个空城计吧，大体上的意思就是说司马懿率兵来进攻，诸葛亮派马谡去守街亭，马谡这个人是个书呆子，空谈可以，打仗不行，把街亭给丢了，于是司马懿就率领几十万军杀奔而来。当时诸葛亮手上已经没有兵了，只好把城门，四个城门全部打开，派了20个老兵在门口扫地，诸葛亮自己搬了一张琴，焚了一炉香，带了两个小孩子，坐在城楼之上唱卡拉OK。司马懿的大军跑来一看，不知道是怎么回事，然后司马懿自己打马上前，大为惊诧，说牛鼻子老道搞什么搞？城门大开他开Party啊。于是撤军。
Later, when Pei Songzhi annotated the Three Kingdoms, he cited this material and refuted it, saying that such a thing could not have happened in Yangping at that time. Why? Because the official of Sima Yi at that time was stationed as the governor of Jingzhou and stationed in Wancheng, not in the Yangping battlefield, how could there be an empty city plan by Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi? “However, the story of this empty city plan is so wonderful that literary works are repeated once spoken, and dramatic works are also repeated. However, this matter does not conform to the facts or logic.”. Let’s briefly talk about this empty city plan, which basically means that Sima Yi led his troops to attack, and Zhuge Liang sent Ma Su to guard the Jieting. Ma Su was a nerd who could talk nonsense, but could not fight, so he lost the Jieting. So Sima Yi led hundreds of thousands of troops and rushed to kill him. At that time, Zhuge Liang had no soldiers on hand, so he had to open the city gate and all four gates, and sent 20 veterans to sweep the floor at the gate. Zhuge Liang himself carried a piano, burned a furnace of incense, and took two children with him to sit on the city tower and sing karaoke. Sima Yi’s army came to take a look and didn’t know what was going on. Then Sima Yi hit the horse himself and was greatly surprised, saying what was the matter with the Bullnose Taoist priest? The city gate is wide open. He opens a party. So the troops withdrew.
